BAHRIA UNIVERSITY

Karachi

Pakistan Deep Sea Ports And How We

Can make it Shipping & Logistics Hub

Conducted by

Ubaid Hassan
Registration No.3698

MBA -4A (Eve) Bahria University

Karachi Campus

2010
 Table of Contents
 

Chapter No. 1 : Background/Statement of the Problem 
 

1.1 Scope Of Study ( Introduction) ................................................................................................ 2

1.2 History of Pakistan Trade Routes: ............................................................................................ 3

1.3 Pakistan Coastal Area................................................................................................................ 3

Chapter No. 2 : Research Method and Procedure 
 

2.1 QICT ........................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Unique Facility At QICT ......................................................................................................... 5

2.3 PICT ........................................................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Storage Area PICT ..................................................................................................................... 6

2.5 Terminal Capacity……………………………………..…………………………………….......................................6 

2.6 Annual Vessel Handling At PICT……………………………………………………………………………………………7 

2.7 KICT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 

2.8 Facilities At KICT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 

2.9 KPT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 

2.10 Facilities At KPT……………………………………..………………………………………………………………………….9 

2.11 Gwadar Port……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………10 

2.12 Gwadar District Demography………………………………………………………….………………………………………..10 

 
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
Chapter No. 3 : Review of Related Studies 
 

3.1 Containerized Shipment Facility……………………………………………………………..11

3.2 Container Facility at Sea Ports in Pakistan…………………………………………………..14

3.3Container Number and their Tracking………………………………………………………..14

3.4 Empty Container Yards…………………………………………………………………….. 14

Chapter No.4 : Presentation Analysis 
4.1 Rail Road System In Pakistan………………………………………………………………..15

4.2 Trucking Companies In Pakistan…………………………………………………………….15

4.3 Port Development Authority In Pakistan…………………………………………………….15

4.4 PACCS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………16

4.5 Scanner At QICT…………………………………………………………………………….16

4.6 NVOCC……………………………………………………………………………………….16

4.7 World Shipping Companies Working In Pakistan……………………………………………17

4.8 Ship Chandelling Facility at Pakistan………………………………………………………. 17

4.9 Port Dredging & Anchorage………………………………………………………………..17

Chapter No. 5 : Summary of Finding Conclusion and Recommendation 
 

5.1 Action Should Be Taken…………………………………………………………………….18

References/Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………….19

 
 Abstract

From the ancient times people trade for living whether it is spices ,cloths or gems trade always
flourish among mankind. Civilization and cultures exchange knowledge and goods from
centuries.

For many centuries people use to travel in Carwans and on the route which is safe fertile and
has water to feed their animals which are carrying their trade goods.

People use to sell things which has surplus production in their country and in return buy those
commodities which are in scarcity in their part of the region.

To facilitate trade from around the different parts of the world mankind always lookout for the
better ways of transportation to reach their destination of trade in shortest possible time and in
safest way.

Initially only two ways of transportation available in primitive time one is land and other is
through sea.

As time passes on mankind developed their trade routes as much efficient as possible and sea
route are not much change.

Until 19th century the invent of airplane make trade through airways more efficient and less time
consume for small volume of cargos.

The horizon of my study is to see how Pakistan has emerged to facilitate the trade to and from
different parts of the world by making sea ports as of the standard as world demands .

My studies encompasses the infrastructure of Pakistan shipping ports and freight station. As
most of the bulk cargo and containerized trade done through sea ports ,so I will be discussing
this most in details.
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
1.1Scope O f The Study (Introduction)

Pakistan has a very rich geographical location with miles of coastal area which if utilized
efficiently can be act as world hub for trade routing. As we can see that now a days Oman
,Singapore and India are not only facilitating their native traders to use the infrastructure facility
they provide through their sea ports but also providing the hub for the traffic going through their
waters and earning a very hefty amounts for their governments.

Pakistan has only one national flag carrier PNSC (Pakistan National Shipping Company)
comprise of only 10 container and bulk cargo vessel. Pakistan has four operational deep water
sea ports.

Pakistan also lack facility of empty container manufacturing which is a ever growing industry
and as Pakistan has rich resources of iron and steel mills can easily enter into container
manufacturing market.

Pakistan tap this opportunity of their best strategic location by enhancing ,rebuilding and
development of their sea ports and air ports.

My study covers the current facilities which is provided to the world traders through our ports
and what can be done to increase its facilities.
1.2History Of Pakistan Trade routes

Pakistan is geographically very rich country. Surrounded by ancient trade routes. In the east lies
the India which is always been charm for their spices ,cotton and handicraft from ancient time
.Then to the west there is Afghanistan through which traders of the east has the access to the
central Asia .Then to north west lies Iran ,which is famous for their carpets in the world from the
primitive times ,then to the north east lies China which is link through Silk route named after
famous silk trade of China. Most of all to the south lies the Arabian Sea of great Indian ocean,
which link Pakistan through the rest of the world.

1.3Pakistan Coastal Area

Pakistan has total Area of 1024 Kilometers spread from Karachi to Gwader .In between lies
coastal Cities Pasini ,Ormara ,Makran and Keti Bunder and Thata creek area.

Unfortunately ,for such vast area there are only four sea ports serving to the nation for imports
and to the world through exports.

Sea Port Containerized Shipping

1.4Pakistan Sea Ports

Pakistan has five deep water sea ports handling cargo containers and oil vessels. Unfortunately
Gwader port is still not operational .these five ports are.

QICT (Qasim International Container Terminal)

PICT (Pakistan International Container Terminal)

KICT (Karachi International Container Terminal)

KPT (Karachi Port Trust)

Gwadar Port (Gwadar Development Authority Baluchistan)

2.1 QICT (Qasim International Container Terminal)

 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
Qasim International Container Terminal was constructed in 1995 ,dedicated to cater as a world
class deep sea port to fulfill the need of ever increasing Pakistan international Trade needs .It
was constructed at Bin Qasim Area ,Karachi on built operate and Transfer basis.

QICT is a consortium put together by P&O ports, Mackinnon’s Pakistan ,P&O Containers
Pakistan Limited ,the common wealth development corporation of the UK and the Pakistan –
Kuwait Investment Company which later has joint venture with Pakistan on this Project.

Subsequently P&O ports demonstrating their commitment to the project bought out CDC and
Pak Kuwait and owned 55% equity in QICT with 25% being owned by international Terminal
Holdings limited of UK and 20 % being held by APM terminal.

In March 2006 P&O Ports was globally bought over by DP World (Dubai Ports World), one of
the top three marine terminal operators in the world having the widest network of 52 terminals
spanning 30 countries and five continents. A global capacity of 50 million TEUs and a
dedicated, experienced and professional team of 30,000 people providing services in some of
the most dynamic economies of the world.

QICT achieved a major milestone by handling 70361 TEUS in October 2007 which is the
highest monthly throughput to date.

Pakistan has achieved a land mark to have the QICT in operational work which is truly a world
class sea port container terminal handling more

TEUS :Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit

Source: dpworldkarachi.com 
 2.2A unique Facility for US cargo Provided at QICT

IC3 Program is based on strategic partnership between Pakistan Customs and the United
States Customs & Border Protection under the Safe Freight Initiative (SFI). In the new world
order following 9/11, all Customs Administrations are obliged to forge ever closer links, in terms
of operational synchronization and information-sharing, to ensure that it is only the genuine
commercial cargo which moves through Customs border controls with utmost speed and
facilitation, and that deterrence levels are so effective that no economy should feel at risk from a
hidden threat in such cargo. These are the new principles of Customs-to-Customs interaction in
the context of contemporary international commerce, reflected either under bilateral
arrangements, or realized through adoption of legal instruments enunciated by the World
Customs Organization.

In implementing these principles, Pakistan Customs and the US Customs and Border Protection
have worked together for one year and have jointly invested over US$ 8 million to create an
infrastructure, which supports operational integration between them on the one hand, and
ensures security and facilitation for the trade, on the other.

The Declaration of Principles on the IC3 Program was signed between Pakistan Customs and
the United State Customs and Border Protection in Islamabad in March 2006, and, inter alia,
covers all exports from Pakistan to the United States.

Advantages :-

• No delays for just in time shipments.

• Reduced cost of business.
• US buyers to gain more confidence in Pakistan’s exports.
• No operational delays of cargo at US ports view necessary clearance from the IC3
facility.
• The US Importer would avoid costs resulting from the inspection and delayed clearance
of imports at US ports.
• Reduced clearance time at both ends resulting in net gain in business for both Pakistan
and USA.

Source: dpworldkarachi.com 
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
2.3PICT (Pakistan International Container Terminal)

PICT is a modern container terminal operating at berths 6—9, East Wharf, Karachi Port 
and its design depth of berths is 13.5 meters ,quay Wall: 600 meters, backup Area: 21 Hectares 
PICT has started its new commenced terminal operation in 2002. Premier Mercantile Services (Pvt.) Ltd. 
(“PMS”) – the Sponsor of PICT – has been handling cargo at the Karachi Port since 1964. All equipment is 
brand new, commissioned in 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008 
PICT is the only Container Terminal in Pakistan Sponsored and Owned by Pakistanis 
PICT  is  a  public  listed  company  and  is  the  only  port  infrastructure  project  listed  on  the  Karachi  Stock 
Exchange  It  is  the  first  port  infrastructure  project  in  Pakistan  financed  by  International  Finance 
Corporation (“IFC”) ‐‐ the private sector arm of the World Bank 
It is  the first  private sector project in Pakistan in which  the OPEC Fund for International Development 
has participated as financiers ,total Investment: approx. USD 150 million. 
 

2.4AREA STORAGE CAPACITY

• Total Area is 210,000 square meters at the terminal. Additional area of 50,000 square
meters is available at adjacent storage yards in KPT area
• Ground Slots: 3,910 TEU
• Container Storage capacity is 19,500 TEU per day

2.5TERMINAL CAPACITY

• Quay Wall: 600 meters

• Phase I Handling Capacity: 150,000 TEU per annum (completed in 2004)
• Phase II Handling Capacity: 300,000 TEU per annum (completed in 2006)
• Phase III Handling Capacity: 550,000 TEU per annum (completed in 2009)
• Phase IV Handling Capacity: 750,000 TEU per annum (completed in 2010)

Source: pict.com.pk 

 
 2.6Annual Vessel Handling At PICT

Facilities AT PICT
S# Item Description
1
Entrances to the port One
2
Approach Channel
length (m) 2.7 N Miles
width (m) 300
depth (m) 12.5
allowable LOA (m) 305
3
Deep draft vessel berthing/ unberthing (with
Tidal constraints for entering and leaving +12 m) only at high water.
4
Distance from Pilot station to Terminal 6.5 nautical miles
5
Time taken for above pilotage 1.5 hrs
6
Turning Basin one
diameter (m) 425
draft (m) 12
allowable LOA (m) 305
7
Night navigation Available
8
Tugs – available Five
Horsepower 2500-3000 hp
Type Conventional/ vsp.
9
Pilot availability 24 hrs.
10
Pilot booking procedure Through line agent.
11
Vessel Bowthruster Compulsory
12
Working hours 24 hrs. with shift break
13
Number of shifts Two.
14
Day shift from 0730 to 1900 and Nite shift
Times of shifts from 1930 to 0700 hrs.
15
Meal hours Nil.
16
Idle hours Hardly 10-15 minutes while shift change.
17
Cargo cut-off time 12 hrs before vsl sailing.
18
Yes with restriction that length should not
Can terminal accept break-bulk / heavy lifts exceeds from 55'.
19
DG Cargo class 1 & 7 are restricted and
DG cargo handling require prior approval/ clearance.
20
With and without spreader 40 and 50 tns
Max weight of OOG cargo respectively.

Source: pict.com.pk 
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
2.7KICT(Karachi International Container Terminal) 

Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT) is located in the natural deep-water harbor of
the Port of Karachi, Pakistan, which handles 80 percent of the country's international trade and
is located at the threshold of three strategic regions – South, Central and West Asia. KICT
commenced operations in November 1998 and is Pakistan's leading container terminal operator
in terms of both efficiency and productivity.

KICT was also the first terminal in Pakistan to implement a cargo pre-clearance system, thereby
significantly reducing container dwell time and cargo clearance time at Karachi Port. The ISPS-
compliant, ISO 9001:2000-certified terminal currently receives a total of ten weekly services.

KICT now has a total yard area of 26 hectares and a total quay length of 963 meters. Dredging
will begin this year in order to increase the quayside depth to 14 meters.
 
 
Source:hph.com/globalbusiness/business.aspx (Hutchison port holdings) 
 
2.8Facilities At KICT
 

 
 

  Total Area (hectares) 26

 
Container Berths 3
 

Total Berth Length (m) 973

Depth Alongside (m) 11-Dec

  Container Quay Cranes 7

Mobile Harbour Cranes 2

  Rubber Tyred Gantry Cranes 23
 
 

  Forklifts 4
Frontloaders 8

Reachstackers 8

Yard Tractors 53

Yard Chassis 75
  Reefer Plugs 212
 
 
2.9Karachi Port Trust(KPT)
Karachi Port Trust is the oldest harbor in Pakistan .It was built by former British Empire for their
cargo coming from England and other parts of the world. By 1852, Karachi was an established
city with a population of about 14,000 with a prosperous trade in over-seas markets. However,
the existing Port started taking shape in 1854, when the projects of dredging the main navigable
channel and the construction of a mole or causeway joining the main harbor with the rest of the
city were undertaken. About 5 years later, construction of Manora Breakwater, Keamari Groyne,
the Napier Mole Bridge, Native Jetty and the Chinna Creek were started which gave initial
shape to the port.

The construction of the wharves started in 1882, and by 1914 the East Wharves and the Napier
Mole Boat Wharf had been completed. During the period between 1927 and 1944, the West
Wharves of the Port, the lighterage berths and the ship-repairing berths were constructed. Most
of these facilities were obsolete by the time Pakistan came into existence in 1947. Since then,
the port administration has embarked on extensive development of the port on modern lines.

At the time of independence in 1947, the Port capacity was about 1.5 million tons of dry cargo
and 1.0 million tons of P.O.L. products per annum.

2.10Facilities At Karachi Port Trust

Karachi Port is now handling over 11.74 million tons of liquid cargo and 25.45 million tons of dry
cargo, including 1,213,744 TEUs which constitute about 60% of import/ export of the country.

Source: kpt.gov.pk   
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
2.11Gwadar Port

Gwadar borders on Arabian Sea and lies in the Baluchistan Province. It is about 533 km from
Karachi and 120 km from the Iranian border. Gwadar Port is located at the mouth of the Persian
Gulf and outside the Straits of Hormuz. It is near the key shipping routes used by the mainline
vessels in the region with connections to Africa, Asia and Europe and enjoys high commercial
and strategic significance.

Various professional studies manifest that Gwadar Port location is the most advantageous one
as an alternative port, which could handle mother ships and large oil tankers in due course.

It will act as catalyst for large number of related projects like:-

ƒ Trans-shipment of bulk cargo

ƒ Oil storage, refinery and petrochemicals
ƒ Export processing and industrial zones
ƒ Export of minerals/livestock
ƒ Services (hotels, accommodation, tourism)

PURPOSE

The purpose of developing this port is to stimulate economic growth in the western and northern
parts of Pakistan, utilizing the available coastline resources of the country and also providing an
outlet for the land locked Central Asian Countries and Afghanistan through transit trade and
offering transshipment facilities.

2.12GWADAR DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHY

Gwadar/Ormara/Pasni/Jiwani

Geographic Area – 12.637 sq. Coast Line – 600 km District Estimated Population 2004 –
215,000 Male / Female Ratio – 53.6 : 46.4 km. Population Density – 14.7 person per sq.km
Population of Gwadar – estimated 72,000 Literacy Ratio – around 29% Land Distances From
Gwadar

ƒ Quetta 970 Km
ƒ Turbat 164 Km
ƒ Gabd 120 Km
ƒ Karachi 533 Km
ƒ Ratodero 892 Km

As Gwadar port is not operational yet ,therefore it is not making any fortune for the country and
the economy, but near future this will robust logistics and transport facility to the world.

Source: gwadarport.gov.pk   
3.1Containerized Shipment Facility

All around the world shipping companies moved their clients cargo on world standardized
containers which are as follows.

STANDARD 20 Feet/40 Feet

STANDARD CONTAINERS:
Standard 20'
inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo

19'4" 7'8" 7'10" 7'8" 7'6" 1,172CuFt 4,916lbs 47,900lbs

5.900m 2.350m 2.393m 2.342m 2.280m 33.2CBM 2,230Kg 21,770Kg
Standard 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo

39'5" 7'8" 7'10" 7'8" 7'6" 2,390CuFt 8,160lbs 59,040lbs

12.036m 2.350m 2.392m 2.340m 2.280m 67.7CBM 3,700Kg 26,780Kg
 

OPENTOP
CONTAINERS:

Opentop 20'
inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo

19'4" 7'7" 7'8" 7'6" 7'2" 1,136CuFt 5,280lbs 47,620lbs

5.894m 2.311m 2.354m 2.286m 2.184m 32.23CBM 2,400Kg 21,600Kg

Opentop 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo

39'5" 7'8" 7'8" 7'8" 7'5" 2,350CuFt 8,490lbs 58,710lbs

12.028m 2.350m 2.345m 2.341m 2.274m 65.5CBM 3,850Kg 26,630Kg
 
 
 

FLATRACK
CONTAINERS:  
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 

Flatrack 20'
inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo
18'5" 7'3" 7'4" - - - 5,578lbs 47,333lbs
5.620m 2.200m 2.233m - - - 2,530Kg 21,470Kg
Flatrack 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo
39'7" 6'10" 6'5" - - - 12,081lbs 85,800lbs
12.080m 2.438m 2.103m - - - 5,480Kg 39,000Kg

FLATRACK
COLLAPSIBLE
CONTAINERS:

Flatrack Collapsible 20'

inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo
18'6" 7'3" 7'4" - - - 6,061lbs 61,117lbs
5.618m 2.208m 2.233m - - - 2,750Kg 17,730Kg
Flatrack Collapsible 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo
39'7" 6'10" 6'5" - - - 12,081lbs 85,800lbs
12.080m 2.126m  
2.043m - - - 5,800Kg 39,000Kg

REEFER
CONTAINERS:

Reefer 20'
inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo

17'8" 7'5" 7'5" 7'5" 7'3" 1,000CuFt 7,040lbs 45,760lbs

5.425m 2.275m 2.260m 2.258m 2.216m 28.3CBM 3,200Kg 20,800Kg
Reefer 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo

37'8" 7'5" 7'2" 7'5" 7'0" 2,040CuFt 10,780lbs 56,276lbs

 11.493m 2.270m 2.197m 2.282m 2.155m 57.8CBM 4,900Kg 25,580Kg
Reefer High Cube 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo

37'11" 7'6" 8'2" 7'6" 8'0" 2,344CuFt 9,900lbs 57,761lbs

11.557m 2.294m 2.500m 2.294m 2.440m 66.6CBM 4,500Kg 25,980Kg

 
 

HIGH CUBE
CONTAINERS:

HIGH CUBE 40'

inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo

39'5" 7'8" 8'10" 7'8" 8'5" 2,694CuFt 8,750lbs 58,450lbs

12.036m 2.350m 2.697m 2.338m 2.565m 76.3CBM 3,970Kg 26,510Kg

PLATFORM
CONTAINERS:  

PLATFORM 20'
inside inside inside door door capacity tare maxi
length width height width height weight cargo
19'11" 8'0" 7'4" - - - 6,061lbs 52,896lbs
6.058m 2.438m 2.233m - - - 2,750Kg 24,000Kg
PLATFORM 40'
inside inside inside door door tare maxi
length width height width height capacity weight cargo
40'0" 8'0" 6'5" - - - 12,783lbs 86,397lbs
12.180m 2.400m 1.950m - - - 5,800Kg 39,200Kg
.Source:srinternational.com/standard_containers.htm   
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 

3.2Container Facility at Sea Ports In Pakistan

Unfortunately Pakistan does not have any container manufacturing facility so far we are losing
huge amount of revenue by not entering this ever growing market. Pakistan has only one
national flag carrier which has only ten vessels and they don’t have their container
manufacturing facility ,they rent or leased the containers from the foreign shipping companies
container lines.

3.3Container Number and Their Tracking

Actually every shipping company has its own facility of container manufacturing .These
containers are distinguish with a unique Four Alphabet and 7 digit letter like (MSKU 1234567).

The first four letter shows the flag carrier of the ship and the 7 digits is a unique identification
number .Like in the above mentioned number case MSKU shows Maersk Line container and the
digits showing unique identification number .No two container in the whole world has the one
common number, when containers being given numbers these system is integrated and they
make sure that all the containers has a unique container number. By this number any one can
track the status of his shipment through the web portal that every company provides for
tracking. By entering the tracking number at web portals one can easily find the location of its
container its expected time of departure from the port of destination and the expected time of
arrival at the port of origin.

3.4Empty Container Yards

Karachi has five to six dry yards for empty container stuffing they are TPX yard ,Bin Qasim yard
,Hawks bay yard and few with in the remit of east and west wharves. These all yards has very
insufficient space and equipment, which some times delayed the empty container pickup by the
trucking companies. When the container stuff for export or de stuff for import has to be picked
up or returned to these empty container yards. From there they further moved to for loading at
the location of exporters. The trucking company first issued a loading program from the shipping
company then take it to the empty container yard ,and after checking the paper empty container
yard staff allowed them to take a empty container out .After loading from the exporting unit or
factory the tracking company take the loaded container to the port for further loading on the
vessel.
4.1Rail Road System In Pakistan

The total length of railway track in Pakistan is 5072 Miles(8163 Km) and the total length of roads
in Pakistan is approximately 188000 kilometers. This includes 7112 kilometers of motor ways
and high way roads. Karachi is linked with the upcountry with rail and road system. As these
mode of transport play a major role in developing network from upcountry to the seaport. If
Pakistan highway and railways authority provide smooth flow of cargos coming through truck
and rail from upcountry will definitely increase the trade ,as every vessel which berth on the
Karachi sea port has strict schedule of arrival and departure and if the cargo from up country dry
ports does not reach on time or before the vessel cargo taking cut off time it will lie down on the
port for a week for to be loaded on the next vessel. This will not only increase the lead time but
also increase the cost if cargo is perishable food item it should be kept in refer container the
cost has to be bear by the shipper of the goods and there is always fear of order cancellation by
the buyer for non conformity of timely delivery .All this hinges can be controlled by making rail
road infrastructure more efficient .

4.2Trucking Companies In Pakistan

Unfortunately Pakistan has a very old traditional goods transport trucking companies. They do
not have any IT infrastructure for the cargo tracking, as compare to the other part of the world.

The cargo which are book through these transport companies from upcountry cannot be track
its where about until and unless it reach its final destination .Trucking companies do not provide
adequate storage facilities and the loading and offloading all are done through hooks which will
tarnish the most of cargo outer packaging .These trucking companies hardly has lifter or
wooden rack or Pilate services. Pakistan has very eminent part global containerized export
therefore Government should provide adequate and state of the art trucking services from
across Pakistan till to the sea ports.

4.3Port Development Authority In Pakistan

Pakistan Can easily increase it capacity by dredging sea ports depth which will allow large
vessels to be dock along side Pakistani ports .As we can see that India has 11 major ports and
136 minor ports which serve as routing for different vessel operating shipping companies.

Pakistan ship and port development authority should be private authority which will work for the
betterment of sea ports .
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
4.4PACCS(Pakistan Computerized Custom System

For cargo clearance Pakistan customs Authority has taken a very good step in the year 2005
towards implementing the computerized goods declaration. By this an importer or exporter can
file the GD of their container before it arrives at port from the ease of his office or home.
Previously all the custom work took two three days due to hassle of paper work and one has to
submit the documents physically before the custom appraisal ,who after verifying the documents
examine the cargo by opening its gates and on suspicious cargos dog sniffing also done this all
billed to the importer or exporter.

Now after the implementation of PACCS ,all importer and exporter can registered them selves in
custom where they provided a user ID and a password for login into paccs website through
which they can file their cargo moving before it arrives at the port of loading ,it takes only few
minutes after filing that the goods declaration appears on their system and system generated
CRN(custom reference number)also called machine number issued to exporter and this number
has to be shown at the gate of port by the trucker and the goods automatically appear in the
system as port gate in. Now a days only few containers are checked ,if they are found
suspicious and most of the cargos are allowed to be load on the vessel. Same is the case in the
import container, importer file the GD through PACCS before ten days arrival of the cargo and
the details automatically sent to the terminal that these vessel carrying those containers
numbers which are now cleared to move out gate and as when the container arrived all the
formalities of duty paying and documentation work done in advance which will save time of
importer after the vessel arrived at the port discharge or destination.

4.5Inclusion of Scanner at QICT for export in USA

As explained earlier that at Qasim international container terminal ,Pakistan custom and USA
custom and border authority jointly implement a large scanner system called IC3 .This is for
every container exported to USA has to be gone through a huge scanner in QICT which will
save the time for gate opening and also save the time at the destination i.e. in USA ,container
which arrives with IC3 inspected is allowed to move from the destination port without further
examination this has been done for the security reason. But this eventually benefits the genuine
exporter for hassle free examination. Therefore, most of the cargo move through QICT for USA
export.

4.6NVOCC In Pakistan(Non vessel Operating Common Carrier)

All those shipping companies which does not own vessel for the cargos which they book for
export are called NVOCC.This shipping companies has agreement with the vessel operated
shipping companies and they have arrangement in advance for space booking.NVOCC can
issue their own Bill of lading to the customer .Some times they provide lesser freight to the
customer then the direct vessel operating shipping could provide .as these NVOCC has contract
with vessel operated shipping companies on special rates which they approved from their
principal agent .Several NVOCC working in Pakistan ,like Khuene Nagel ,Dynamic Shipping
,Sea gold ,World wide logistics, Delta shipping, United Marine Agencies etc.
 4.7World Shipping Companies Working in Pakistan

As Pakistan has very rich resources of cotton and it is the fifth largest producer of cotton and
third largest exporter country of cotton yarn and beside this Pakistan sports goods ,surgical
items handicraft and textile made ups export are ever growing industry in Pakistan .Therefore it
is always lucrative for the world renowned shipping companies to have their Branch offices in
Pakistan. All the major container carrier vessel shipping companies has their branches working
in Karachi ,Lahore ,Faisalabad and Sialkot. Despite fewer world class facilities at Pakistani deep
sea ports these shipping companies are expanding their businesses in Pakistan .Almost all
world renowned shipping companies has their operational hubs in Pakistan like, Maersk Line
,Hapag Llyod ,CMA CGM ,UASC(united Arab Shipping Company),MSC(Mediterranean
Shipping Company),IRSL (Iranian Shipping Line),Triton Container Line, APL (American
President Line),China Shipping,Hanjin Shipping etc.

4.8Ship Chandelling Facility at Pakistani Sea Ports

Ship chandelling is a facility provided for the staff of the anchored ship at port for the foods or
any thing for daily use ,like toiletries ,drinking water ,fruits ,vegetables .In Pakistani sea ports
there is no much formal ship chandelling services provider are available which should be
controlled by the port authorities safe supplies for the foreign staff staying with in the ship.

4.9Port Dredging and Anchorage

As sea water carries bulk of sand with it which should be dredge on time to have the maximum
depth maintain all the time for container vessels. If dredging is not done on time the fear of
vessel stuck always there which will disturb the traffic but also costly for the port authorities to
remove the stuck ship .Anchorage facility if increase with in the existing berth will increase the
flow .
 Pakistan Deep Sea Ports and How we can Make it Shipping & Logistics Hub 
 
5.1What actions should be taken to attract Pakistani Sea Ports as foreign Trade routing Base

Pakistan has very large coastal area but unfortunately Pakistan has only five deep water sea
ports out which only the two new QICT and Gwadar has the capacity berth Large container ship.
Pakistan can increase its capacity by dredging more deep so that world largest container ship
can use our ports as hub for further routing towards central Asia middle east and Africa .As ,we
have seen that how India has emerged by best utilizing their ports as hub ,like Mundra
,Navasheva to Name a few, like wise Oman has using its Salalah port as main hub for middle
east and Asia.

Due to less depth and less berthing facilities ,world largest carrier of Maersk Line ,APL ,MSC
,Hapag Lloyd and APL are not able to bring their mother vessels(large container ships) to
Pakistan so when ever the goods shipped especially to USA from Karachi sea ports all are
moved out on feeder vessels(small Vessels) to take the goods to the nearest larger ports like
Mundra ,Nava Sheva (India) ,Salalah(Oman) or Singapore from their all cargo offloaded from
the feeder vessel to the ports and then uploaded on the mother vessels for further routing to the
rest of the world .

Pakistan Should provided good infrastructure for the sea ports .

Rail road transportation to and from port should be of world class standard which can bear the
loading capacity as per container requires.
Villages and illegal and recreational fishing boats should be removed around the sea port areas.
Pakistani sea ports should provide IT infrastructure for proper handling of departing and arriving
cargos.
As like in QICT all he operational work are outsourced to third party DP world. All the other five
ports should outsourced their operational work to the more effective and knowledgeable port
handling world class companies.
Government of Pakistan should invest in building more deep water sea ports in Karachi which
has very large coastal belt ,along with this Baluchistan has very rich coastal area which can be
used to make more ports in the country and which can also attract foreign investment.
Frequent maintenance of Karachi old harbors like KPT ,KICT and PICT should be done on time
to time bases .
Ship repair and ship building facilities should facilities as we have in Karachi ship yard should be
provided every sea ports we have .
Stowage ,crane and lifter facilities should be increased and should be of world class standard.
References /Appendices

1.dpworldkarachi.com

2.hph.com

3.pict.com.pk

4.gwadarport.gov.pk

5.srinternational.com/standard_containers

Abbreviations

TEU :Twenty foot equivalent unit

GD:Goods Declaration

NVOCC:Non vessel operating common carrier