CHAPTER I To IV

ALPHA CENTAURI EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM INC.
EFFECTS OF BALANCED DIET TO THE CHILD’S

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND AGILITY
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Teacher Education
Alpha Centauri Educational System Inc.
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the degree in
Bachelor of Elementary Education
By:
Alona Rose A. Bajado
Ana Cristine Joy S. Estabaya
Rhenzel Arah L. Lagrazon
Ruth D. Nadres
April 13, 2018
APPROVAL SHEET
1
This thesis entitled “Effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s Body Mass Index and
Agility” prepared and submitted by Alona Rose A. Bajado, Ana Cristine Joy S. Estabaya,
Rhenzel Arah L. Lagrazon and Ruth D. Nadres has been accepted and approved for oral
examination in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Elementary
Education.
Dr. Alicia P. Occidental
Thesis Adviser
Panel of Examiners
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination, with a grade of_______.
Chairman
Member Member
Accepted and Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Elementary Education.
Dr. Alicia P. Occidental Mrs. Gisela R. Tolcidas, RN
Dean, College of Teacher Education ACES’ Administrator
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Profound Gratitude is hereby accorded to the following that played a vital role to finish
the entire study.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ………………………………………………….........
Approval Sheet ………………………………………………….........
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………….........
3
Dedication ………………………………………………….........
Table of Contents …………………………………………….…..
List of Tables ………………………………………………….........
Abstract ………………………………………………….........
CHAPTERS
I. THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SETTING
Introduction ……………………………………………………
Statement of the Study…………………………………….………………6
Significance of the Study ………………………………………..………7
Conceptual Paradigm ……………………………………………………...8
Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………….….. 9
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………….10
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature …………………………………………..………….11
Related Studies …………………………………………………………..……17
Synthesis …………………………………….……………………….……19
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………………………………..…19
Population and Sample ……………………………………………...…19
Research Locale……………………………………………….…..…20
Research Instrumentation ……………………………………..……....20
Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………..……...…20
Statistical Treatment of Data …………………………………..…...…21
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the findings
Conclusions
4
Recommendations
References…………………………………………
Appendixes
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………….
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Good nutrition contributes to healthy growth and development, strong school
performance and positive behavior among children. The consumption of less healthy
5
foods has been associated with poor achievement in school. When children do not eat a
healthy diet, they may miss out some important nutrients needed to support optimal
cognitive functioning.
Good nutrition takes on particular importance during the growing years, for many
reasons. Growth is an energy – and nutrient-requiring process. It will not proceed
normally unless the diet supplies enough of both.
A balanced diet means getting the right types and amounts of foods and drinks to
supply nutrition and energy for maintaining body cells, tissues, and organs, and for
supporting normal growth and development. A good and healthy diet plan involves eating
a variety of foods to get the required nutrients while, at the same time, providing the right
amount of calories to maintain a healthy weight. All healthy balanced diets should be
always complete and incorporate the seven essential nutrients: protein (mostly vegetable),
fats, carbohydrates, fiber, water, vitamins and minerals (Europrev - Sociedad, 2005)
In order to get a balance diet, people must know their Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI
is defined as ratio of weight in kilogram to square of height in meter (Onn, 2000). BMI
provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen for
weight categories that may lead to health problems. There are four BMI weight
categories; underweight, normal, overweight and obese.
The identification of BMI helps people in choosing the healthy food to be taken.
Healthy food is a food that is highly beneficial to health, especially a food grown
organically and free of chemical additives. It nourishes people body with essential
nutrients, namely, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fats and
6
enzymes. These nutrients are necessary for life. Taking food that is high in calories but
lack of nutrients leads people to health problems such as obesity, overweight and other
diseases (Mamat et al., 2011; Mamat et al., 2012).
Therefore, in order to have a balance diet, people need to know their BMI as well as
the amount of nutrients in the food taken. This can be done with the help of mathematical
model.
Agility is the ability to change the body's position efficiently, and requires the motor
coordination of isolated movement skills using a combination of
balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, endurance and stamina.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of weight for height that provides a fairly good
estimate of body fat content. Ranges of BMI are used to define weights for height that
correspond the underweight, normal weight, and obesity in child. BMI has the advantage
of being calculated the same way for child males and females. Calculating BMI involves
dividing weight in pounds by height and inches, then dividing this result by height in
inches again and then multiplying that result by 703.
Children learn about food and its importance to health and well-being during this
early years of life, and they also establish food preferences and physical activity patterns
that may endure into the adult years. Food intake regulatory mechanisms are affected
by the lessons children learn early in life. Given control over decisions about how much
to eat, children generally become responsive to internal cues that signal when they should
eat and when they stop eating. If the lessons go well, they learn to eat for the right reason.
7
Eating too much food and less-healthy types of food, coupled with low levels of
physical activity can lead to weight gain in children. However, not eating enough food
can also have negative effects on a child’s development, learning capacity and behavior.
Children who consume breakfast in the morning have improved attention span and
less distracted in class and reduced tardiness while those who do not eat breakfast
experience tiredness.
A well-balanced diet that includes a variety of foods throughout the day, in portion
sizes that are appropriate for a child’s age and sex can help to support academic success.
Eating well and learning the right lessons about food and health have implications
that transcend the growing years. Early diets may have long-term effects on the risk of
developing a number of diseases later in life.
Statement of the Problem
The main concern of the study is to identify the effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s
BMI and Agility.
Specifically it aims to find answers to the following questions:
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1. What are the characteristics of the subjects under study in terms of :
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Household Size
2. What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the subjects under study at present.
3. What foods are regularly consumed by the subjects under study in terms of:
a. Nutritional Value
b. Frequency of consumption
4. What is the agility of the subjects under study in terms of :
a. Physical
b. Mental
5. Out of the findings in the study, what projects maybe proposed to attain, improve and
sustain good nutritional status of four to five years old children.
Significance of the Study
This study is designed to find out the food groups consumed by 4-5 years old Day Care
Pupils and its effect to their Body Mass Index and agility.
The findings of this study are deemed beneficial to the following:
9
To the Day Care Parent, this study will give them ideas on how to maintain the normal
health status of their children.
To the Day Care Teachers, this study will give them an idea in providing the children
intervention and programs that will enhance the balanced diet of Day Care Pupils.
To the Future Researchers, this study will serve as reference and can provide needed
information for further research on balanced diet of Day Care Pupils.
Conceptual Paradigm
Input Process Output
Height and weight

of the subjects under Analysis and Seminar for the
study according to Assessment of the Parents about Effects
age and gender. Agility and BMI as of Balanced Diet to
an effect of the food
Health and Nutrition
Food groups groups regularly
consumed by the of 4-5 years old Day
regularly consumed Care Pupil. 10
subjects under study.
by the subjects under
study.
Figure 1 A research paradigm on effects of balanced diet to the child’s body mass index
and agility.
Figure 1 presents an overview of the framework of the study: the input includes the
height and weight according to age and gender as well as the food groups regularly
consumed by the subjects under study. The process refers to the analysis and assessment
of the agility and BMI as an effect of the food groups regularly consumed by the subjects
under study. The output is to conduct a seminar for the parents about the Effects of
Balanced Diet to Health and Nutrition of 4-5 years old Day Care Pupil.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is limited only to the effects of balanced diet to the child’s BMI and agility of
the Day Care Pupils in Purok Atin-atin 1 Barangay Market View, Lucena City, Province
of Quezon during the school year 2017-2018. There were 56 Day Care Pupils,
representing the morning session (28) 14 were female and 14 were male, and the
11
afternoon session (28) also 14 were female and 14 were male. The parents of the Day
Care Pupils served as respondents.
Definition of Terms
Agility – the ability to think and respond quickly; intellectual and physical acuity.
(dictionary.com)
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Balanced diet – a diet consisting of the proper quantities and proportions of foods
needed to maintain health or growth. (New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 2005)
Body Mass Index (BMI) – BMI is a number calculated from a person’s height and
weight. It provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to
screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems (CDC, 2000)
Calcium – A silver-white divalent metal, combined in limestone (The New Webster’s
Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language)
Carbohydrates – Are substances in food that consist of a single sugar molecule or of
multiples of them in various forms, they provide the body with energy. ( Nutrition Now ;
Judith E. Brown )
Fiber – Filamentous matter from the bast tissue or other parts of plants. (The New
Webster’s Encsyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language)
Mineral – Substance obtained by mining, as ore. Essential to the functioning of the
human body. (The New Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language)
Nutrients – containing or conveying nutriment, as solution or vessels of the body.
(Webster)
Nutritional – Is a study of foods and health. It is a science that centers on foods, their
nutrient and other chemical constituents, and the effects of food constituents on body
processes and health. The scope of nutrition extends from food choices to the effects of
specific components of foods on health. ( Nutrition Now ; Judith E. Brown )
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Nutritional Value – food is made of and its impact on the body. (livestrong.com)
Performance – an action proceeding on an unusual or spectacular kind; the act of
performing. (Webster)
Physical Health – defined as a state of well-being when all internal and external body
parts, organs, tissues and cells can function properly as they are supposed to function.
(normalbreathing.com)
Protein – Are substances in food made up of amino acids. Amino acids are specific
chemical substances from which proteins are made. (Nutrition Now; Judith E. Brown
Weight –measurement that indicates how heavy a person is. (Merriam Webster
Dictionary)
Vitamin – any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal
metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural food staffs. Deficiencies of vitamins
produce specific disorders. (The New Webster’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English
Language)
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature
14
Good nutrition helps to improve child survival, to promote healthy growth and
development, to contribute to better cognitive and economic development. It also reduces
mortality rate, and the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
kwashiorkor, marasmus, hypertension, even in adulthood (OMS, 2010).Nutritional status
of a person is a measurement of the extent to which his / her physiological needs for
nutrients are being met. (Halterman,2010).
Erickson (2008) pointed out five key components, based on research, required to keep the
brain functioning correctly. The substances, all found in food, are important to brain
development and function. Proteins are found in foods such as meat, fish, milk, and
cheese. They are used to make most of the body’s tissues, including neurotransmitters,
earlier identified as chemical messengers that carry information from brain cells to other
brain cells. A lack of protein, also known as Protein Energy Malnutrition, led to poor
school performance by children and caused young children to be lethargic, withdrawn,
and passive, all of which help affect social and emotional development.
Moreover, Wolfe and Burkman cited in their research that confirmed proper nutritional
support is important to allow the brain to function at its highest ability and to enhance
learning. Wolf and Burkman suggested that it does not take much complication or
obscurity through expensive foods and supplements to help students reach their
potentials; healthful nutritional habits learned early in life help endure normal
physiological and neurological growth and development, which translated into students’
achieving optimal learning, defined as the abilities to recall information, to problem
solve, and to think critically. Wolfe and Burkman pointed out the importance of utilizing
the Food Guide Pyramid for Young Children, which is an adaptation of the Food Guide
15
Pyramid from the U.S. Department of Food and Agriculture. This food guide focuses on
food Nutrition and Academic Performance, 13 preferences and nutritional requirements
of young children and needs to be the foundation of their diets (Wolf & Burkman, 2010).
On the other hand, Kar et al. (2008) compared the performance of adequately nourished
children to malnourished children and also compared age related differences in cognitive
function and found that the malnourished children differed from the adequately nourished
children on tests of phonemic fluency, design fluency, selective attention, visuospatial
working memory, visuospatial functions, verbal comprehension and verbal learning, and
memory.
Li, Dai, Jackson, and Zhang (2008) examined the associations between academic
performance, cognitive functioning, and increased BMI. Each participant had completed
a brief neuropsychological battery and measures of height and weight. Body weight was
measured to the nearest 0.05 kg and height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. BMI was
calculated in kilograms per meter square and then converted to a sex and age specific
BMI percentile. Each participant was then categorized to an overweight BMI, an at-risk
BMI, or a normal BMI. The average age of participants was 12 and they were about
equally divided in gender. The subjects included differed on most of the characteristics
from the subjects excluded. Those excluded were likely to be non-white
and come from families with a low socioeconomic status. Among the subjects 20.33%
were classified as overweight and 15.92% were obese. Li et al. (2008) found the
association between BMI, cognitive functioning, and academic performance to be
noteworthy.
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In the Wolpert and Wheeler article, Gomez-Pinilla suggested that diets high in trans fats
and saturated fats negatively affect cognition. These trans fats are found in common fast
food and most junk foods. Through these trans fats, junk food affects the brain synapses
as well as many molecules that aid in learning and memory. A diet low in trans fats are
high in Omega-3 fatty acids that can strengthen synapses and provide cognitive benefits
(Wolpert & Wheeler, 2008).
Furthermore, Li et al. (2008) measured academic performance by a test designed to
assess basic school performance .They observed that being overweight was not the root
cause of poor academic performance but found that obese child consider themselves
worse students. Another result from the study was that decreased cognitive function was
associated with increased weight status. Cognitive deficits on tests of motor speed,
weakened performance on motor speed and manual dexterity, and executive function
were found. Poor performance on memory tasks was also common among obese people.
Those with poorer cognitive ability may do worse in school and opt for a lifestyle that
promotes weight gain.
On the other hand, Shore et al. (2008) suggested that non-overweight students
demonstrated better grades, a tendency toward higher reading scores, better attendance,
and less disciplinary problems when compared to overweight students. The study was to
students only from one school, a narrow age range, and data gathered from only one time
period. Results were adjusted Nutrition and Academic Performance for gender, ethnicity,
and socioeconomic status, which were determined by students’ enrollment in the free or
reduced lunch program.
17
Alaimo, Olson, Frongillo, and Briefel (2010) examined the relationships between family
income, food insufficiency, and health among US children. For this study, food
insufficiency was defined as “an inadequate amount of food intake due to lack of
resources” (p.782). A child was classified as “food insufficient” if the proxy reported that
the family either “sometimes” or “often” did not get enough food to eat.
Jyoti et al. (2009) set out to examine the effects of household food insecurity at
kindergarten on consequent selected proportions of childhood development. Their
findings suggested food in security at kindergarten predicted impaired academic
performance in reading and mathematics, a greater decline in social skills for boys, and
greater weight and BMI gains for girls. Food insecurity served as an indicator for
identifying children with deferred courses of development. Jyoti et al. examined the
relation of change in food insecurity over time and concurrent development and found
children from household that became food insecure demonstrated poorer reading and
mathematics performances.
Lahey and Rosen (2010) furthered the research that nutrition affects learning and
behavior and suggested that diet can influence cognition and behavior in many ways,
which include the condition of not enough nutrition or the condition of the lack of certain
nutrients. About one-third of children who completed a food-habit questionnaire had
inadequate fruit and vegetable intake. These students also showed poor school
performance as compared to those students who had an adequate intake of fruits and
vegetables (Lahey & Rosen, 2010).
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A child who is properly fed on a balanced diet develops faster. Such a child is ever active
and is always regular in school attendance, very motivated and looks healthy. He or she
becomes attentive in class as most of his or her senses, if not all are functional, (The
Sunday Standard 23rd February 2011). Proper Nutrition is essential for growth,
development, health and one’s well-being since food is critical need for the survival of
the human species (Ake-Tano et al., 2011).
Related Studies
According to Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCDC), to help
children age 3-5 get ready for school the DepEd recently joined forces with two
government agencies in offering an innovative project called “Early Learning for Life”.
This aims to respond to the urgent need for children to get the right start to learning
19
development and eventually complete their education. It improves the way for children to
be ready, to stay, to participate more and to learn better in school.
Public Day Care service in the country was launched in 1964 under the UNICEF assisted
Social Services Project in the Philippines Urban Community Welfare Program of the
Social Welfare Administration (now the DSWD).The National policy toward child care
as stated in Republic Act 6972 (Barangay-Level Total Development and Protection of
Children Act), is that the country will defend the children and provide assistance for their
needs including proper care and nutrition, special protection from all forms of neglect,
abuse and exploitation.
According to Hartline-Grafton, Henchy and Levin, the Department of Agriculture
released new school meal guidelines intended to improve nutrition, reduce obesity, and
improve access to lunch and breakfast programs. These new guidelines went into effect at
the start of the 2012-2013 school year and stipulate that nutrition services programs
engaged in food-based menu planning. However, the guidelines call for increased
servings of fruits, vegetables (including dark green, red/orange, beans/legumes, and
starch), and whole grains. In addition, schools must offer a meat/meat alternative (e.g.,
tofu), reduce sodium, limit saturated fat, and introduce standards for caloric intake for
various age ranges.
According to Hunger-Free Minnesota, schools provided nutritious food throughout the
day, including breakfast, lunch, snacks, and after school, School breakfast programs seek
to help meet students’ nutritional needs. The participation in breakfast programs plays a
role in student behavior, cognition, and academic performance. However, low-income
20
children are eligible for free breakfast programs, but cannot get to school early enough to
participate or avoid the program because of the stigma associated with eating a free
breakfast.
In a recent study done by Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, and AlShwaiyat (2010), there was
congruent evidence that eating snacks was a common habit among university students
while fruits and vegetable were not frequently consumed.
Another study discovered that grade students who ate more fast food fared worse
subjects. Similarly, a study that analyzed a healthy eating campaign to ban junk food in
schools and introduced healthier, freshly prepared school meals.
Studies suggest that a stable emotional life is as important to good health as more
traditional influences such as improved diet, regular exercise, and avoidance of alcohol,
tobacco, and other drugs.
Positive emotions and sensible health practices, it appears, can stimulate the production
of endorphins. These mysterious substances are manufactured by the brain and can
produce remarkable feelings of well-being.
Synthesis
The researchers believed that each literature and studies stated in the previous
research is related to the present study.
The following authors Halterman (2010), Wolpert and Wheller Article, Hunger Fre
Minnesota, Haline, Al Rethaiaa believed that child should eat nutritious foods instead of
21
junk foods. It is a great contributing factor that causes diseases if a child is not consuming
healthy foods such as meats, fruits, and vegetables etc.
While the following authors Bellislie (2009), Brokman (2010), Lahey and Roses
(2010) found out in their studies that breakfast is a factor to consider in a performance in
school of a child, also it is not necessary to provide expensive foods for as long as child is
consuming healthy one to reach their potential and nutritional needs.
Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the methods and procedures that the researchers used in
conducting the study. It includes the research design, research locale, instrumentation,
population and sample, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.
22
Research Design
The research design employed in this study was descriptive method which is a fact
finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. According to
Castillio (2002) descriptive method is a research design wherein events are recorded,
described, interpreted, analysed and compared. In this study the researchers describe the
extent of effects of balanced diet to the child’s BMI and agility, specially Day Care
Pupils of Barangay Market View, Lucena City.
Population and Sample
This provides the number of the subjects under study. The respondents of the study
were the parents of the Day Care pupils. The total number of the parent or guardian
respondents was 56, representing 28 pupils of the morning session and 28 pupils of the
afternoon session.
Research Locale
The researchers conducted the study in Day Care Center of Barangay Market View.
It is located in Manggahan Street Purok Atin-Atin II Barangay Market View Lucena City,
Province of Quezon. This Day Care Center is one of the best Day Care school here in
Lucena. There is a spirit of love, integrity, camaraderie among teacher, parents, pupils
and community workers.
Instrumentation
23
The researchers made a questionnaire in a form of checklist wherein their answer
must suits to the best, they are experiencing or they are consuming in gathering
necessary information that are relevant to the study.
Data Gathering Procedure
This part provides the procedure that the researchers used in gathering the needed
information. The researchers requested permission to conduct the study and the letter was
sent to the teacher in charge. Also the researchers asked approval of the Barangay
Captain to proceed to the research process. The letter is about the purpose of the study
and seek acceptance in gathering information like the total number of the population.
Statistical Treatment of Data
In order to quantify the data gathered by the researchers, the following formulas
were utilized.
1.Percentage - this statistical tool was used to find the characteristics of the subjects
under study and the frequency of food consumption.
Where:
f P = percentage
P= x 100
n
f = frequency
n = number of subjects under study
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1. Weighted Arithmetic Mean - this statistical tool was used in finding the mental and
physical agility of the Day Care pupils.
5 f + 4 f +3 f +2 f +1 f
WAM = Where:
n
f = frequency responses
n = the total number of subjects
under study
2. Scale - it is the set of categories designed to interpret the effects of balanced diet to
the subjects under study in terms of BMI and agility.
Range Description
4.21 - 5.00 Always
3.41 – 4.20 Almost Always
2.61 – 3.40 Often
1.81 - 2.60 Sometimes
1.00-1.80 Never
Chapter IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the data gathered from the study, analysis and interpretation of the
same in accordance with the sequence of questions in chapter 1 which is the statement of
the problem.
25
Figure1.
Age
34%
4 years old
5 years old
66%
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBJECTS UNDER STUDY IN
TERMS OF AGE
Figure 1 shows that 19 day care pupils or 34% are 4 years old and 37 pupils or 66% are
five years old.
The Day Care School which is a program of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development is actually a preparation for the kids for the kindergarten level which is now
a part of the basic education program of the Department of Education (DepEd).
26
Figure2.
TERMS OF GENDER
Gender
Male
Female
50% 50%
Figure2. shows the frequency percentage distribution of the subjects under study in terms
of gender. There were 28 female is equivalent to 50 % and 28 male equivalent to 50 % of
the 56 pupils, 28 or 50% were males and likewise, 28 or 50 percent were females.
27
Figure3.
TERMS OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Household Size
2%2%
2% 4% 11%
3
7% 4
5
2% 6
14%
7
8
11% 9
10
11
12
13
25%
21%
Figure3. shows the frequency distribution of the subjects under study in terms of
household size. The distribution of the household size ranges from 3-5 members belongs
to small size of family. The range of 3 members is equivalent to 6 families or 11 %, range
of 4 members is equivalent to 8 families or 14 %, range of 5 members is equivalent to14
families or 25 %. While household size ranges from 6-9 members belongs to medium
28
size of a family. The range of 6 members is equivalent to 12 families or 21 %, range of 7
members is equivalent to 6 families or 11 %, range of 8 members is equivalent to 1
family or 2 %, range of 9 members is equivalent to 4 families or 7 %. On the other hand
household size ranges from 10-13 belongs to a big family. The range of 10 members is
equivalent to 1 family or 2 %, range of 11 members is equivalent to 2 families or 4 %,
range of 12 members is equivalent to 1 family or 2 %, and range of 13 members is
equivalent to 1 family or 2 %.
Figure 4
TERMS OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
Body Mass Index

2%
9%
Underweight
23% Normal
Overweight
Obese
66%
Figure 4 indicates the frequency distribution of the subjects under study in terms of
Body Mass Index (BMI). Most of the day care pupils are in normal health with an
equivalent of 37 pupils or 66 %. The overweight is 13 pupils or 23 %. The obese is 5
29
pupils equivalent to 9 %. The least number of pupil belongs to underweight with 1 pupil
equivalent to 2 %.
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOOD GROUPS CONSUMED BY

THE SUBJECTS UNDER STUDY
Table 1
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD GROUPS IN TERMS OF CARBOHYDRATES
Source of Frequency Highest number Percentage

Carbohydrates (Grain, of Responses
Cereal foods)
Rice 7 * per week 49 87.5 %
Varieties of Breads 7 * per week 28 50%
Cereals 1-2 * per week 20 35.71 %
Noodles 1-2 * per week 20 35.71 %
Pasta 3-4 or 1-2 * per week 19 33.93%
In terms of Source of Carbohydrates, Rice got the highest frequency and number of
responses which is 49 equivalent of 87.5 %.The lowest number of responses is pasta
which is 19 equivalent of 33.93 %.
Table 2
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD GROUPS IN TERMS OF VITAMINS AND
MINERALS
Source of Vitamins, Frequency Highest Percentage
30
Minerals, Fiber (Fruits) number of
Responses
Banana 7 * per week 18 32.14 %
Orange 3-4 * per week 20 35.71 %
Grapes 1-2 * per week 29 51.79 %
Mango 1-2 * per week 19 33.93 %
Dalandan 1-2 * per week 19 33.93 %
Pineapple 1-2 * per week 18 32.14 %
Apple 1-2 * per week 15 26.79 %
Strawberries/Blackberries 0- None at All 34 60.71 %
In terms of Source of Vitamins, the Banana has the highest frequency of food they
consumed which is equivalent to 18 responses or 32.14%. Strawberries/Blackberries is
the source of vitamins that they didn’t consumed which is equivalent to 34 responses or
60.71 %.
Table 3
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD GROUPS IN TERMS OF CALCIUM
Source of Calcium (Dairy Frequency Highest Percentage

Products) number of
Responses
Milk 7 * per week 37 66.07 %
Margarine 1-2 * per week 22 39.29 %
Yoghurt 1-2 * per week 15 26.79 %
Cheese 1-2 * per week 19 33.93%
Avocado 1-2 * per week/0-None at 22 39.29 %
All
In terms of Source of Calcium, Milk has the highest frequency of food they intake with
the total number of 37 responses or 66.07%. The Yogurt has the lowest number of
responses which got 15 equivalent of 26.79% in the frequency of 1-2* per week.
Table 4
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD GROUPS IN TERMS OF PROTEIN AND IRON
Source of Protein, Iron (Lean Frequency Highest Percentage

Meats and Poultry) number of
Responses
Eggs 7 * per week 27 48.21 %
31
Fish 7 * per week 23 41.07 %
Meat (Pork, Chicken, Beef) 5-6 * per week 22 39.29 %
Chicken/ Pork Liver 5-6 * per week 18 32.14 %
Peanuts 1-2 * per week 24 42.86 %
Sea Foods (Shrimp, Crab, Clams, 1-2 * per week 15 26.79 %
Squid)
Sea Vegetables 1-2 * per 15 26.79 %

week/0-None at
All
In terms of Source of Protein, Iron (Lean Meats and Poultry)Eggs and Fish are the foods
that they intake 7* per week but eggs got the highest number in terms of responses which
is 27 equivalent to 48.21%. Sea foods and Sea vegetables had the same frequency and
number of responses equivalent of 15 or 26.79%.
Table 5
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD GROUPS IN TERMS OF PROTEIN, LOW IN

CALORIES
Source of Protein, Low in Frequency Highest number Percentage

Calories (Vegetables) of Responses
Potato 3-4 * per week 27 48.21%
Carrot 3-4 * per week 23 41.07%
Tomato 1-2 * per week 22 39.29 %
Cabbage 1-2 * per week 18 32.14%
Lettuce 0-None at All 24 42.86 %
Cucumber 0-None at All 15 26.79 %
Legumes (Beans, Peas) 0-None at All 15 26.79 %
In terms of Protein (Low in Calories) Potato has the frequency of 3-4* per week, the
highest number of responses is 27 or 48.21%. The Cucumber and the Legumes had the
same frequency and number of responses which is 15 or 26.79%.
32
Table 6
The Effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s Mental Agility
Frequency
Statement Verbal
5 4 3 2 1 WAM
Description
Able to follow the instructions
30 14 4 7 1 4.95 A
correctly.
Able to identify different
34 9 8 5 0 4.29 A
colors.
Know how to count numbers. 31 14 5 6 0 4.25 A
Know how to write his/her
33 11 4 8 0 4.23 A
name.
Know the letters of the
24 17 8 7 0 4.04 AA
alphabet.
Aware of what Is happening
22 12 11 11 0 3.80 AA
in his/her surrounding.
Remember the past lesson that
20 18 6 11 1 3.80 AA
the teacher’s teach.
Able to identify different
20 11 11 14 0 3.66 AA
shapes.
Able to share his/her ideas in
13 19 9 12 3 3.48 AA
front of the class.
Excel in his/her written and
16 22 10 7 1 3.41 AA
oral work/s.
Overall Weighted Arithmetic
Mean 0 AA
Range Description
4.21 - 5.00 Always (A)
33
3.41 – 4.20 Almost Always (AA)
2.61 – 3.40 Often (O)
1.81 - 2.60 Sometimes (S)
1.00-1.81 Never (N)
Table 7
The Effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s Physical Agility
Frequency
Statement WAM Verbal
5 4 3 2 1
Description
Participate in different
exercises like dancing, 30 12 5 8 1 4.11 AA
singing, playing.
Participate in group work. 21 17 9 9 0 3.89 AA
Do board work. 19 20 9 8 0 3.89 AA
Perform correctly what
21 17 8 8 2 3.84 AA
the teacher commands.
Contribute task in group
19 16 8 7 6 3.63 AA
activity.
Actively participate in the
activities given by the 25 15 9 7 0 3.59 AA
teacher.
Work independently. 16 20 5 10 5 3.57 AA
Voluntarily help others
that involved physical 14 20 7 13 2 3.55 AA
activities.
Able to manage and care
25 13 7 11 0 3.48 AA
for personal belongings
Collaborate with
classmates during 11 16 17 12 0 3.46 AA
activities.
Overall Weighted Arithmetic 3.70 AA
Mean
Range Verbal Description
4.21 - 5.00 Always (A)
34
3.41 – 4.20 Almost Always (AA)
2.61 – 3.40 Often (O)
1.81 - 2.60 Sometimes (S)
1.00-1.81 Never (N)
References:
Food intake and academic performance among adolescents. Can J Diet Pract Res
2008;69(3):141-144. 7. Wang F, Veugelers PJ. Self-esteem and cognitive
development in the era of the childhood obesity epidemic.
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/74653/E88185.pdf 5. Florence
MD, Asbridge M, Veugelers PJ. Diet quality and academic performance.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM 33. Health Canada Office
of Nutrition Policy and Promotion.
Nutrition Now Fourth Edition, Judith E. Brown
Obesity and student performance at school. J Sch Health 2005;75(8):291. 23. Datar
A, Sturm R. Childhood overweight and elementary school outcomes.
Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity.
The effectiveness of the health promoting schools approach
35
APPENDICES
36
APPENDIX A
LETTER TO THE BARANGAY CHAIRMAN
January 12, 2018
Hon. Edwin H. Napule

Barangay Chairman
Barangay Market View, Lucena City
Dear Captain,
The undersigned are currently conducting their undergraduate thesis entitled,

“Effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and Agility.”
In connection with this, we are asking for your approval to administer our research
instrument in Atin-atin Day Care Center, Barangay Market View, Lucena City on
January 23, 2018 at 8:00 am to 10:00 am and 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm.
We are hoping for your favorable response for this humble request. Thank You.
Sincerely,
Alona Rose A. Bajado Ana Cristine Joy S. Estabaya
Rhenzel Arah L. Lagrazon Ruth D. Nadres
Noted By:
Thesis Adviser
37
Mrs. Gisela Tolcidas, RN
ACES Administrator
Approved By:
Hon. Edwin H. Napule
Barangay Captain
LETTER TO THE DAY CARE WORKER

January 16, 2018
Mrs. Annalyn Palma

Day Care Worker
Atin-atin Day Care Center, Lucena City
Dear Mrs. Annalyn Palma
The undersigned are currently conducting their undergraduate thesis entitled,

“Effects of Balanced Diet to the Child’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and Agility.”
In connection with this, we are asking for your approval to administer our research
instrument during the time of feeding where we will volunteer to distribute the food so
that the parents can answer the questionnaire.
We are hoping for your consideration for this humble request. Thank You.
Sincerely,
Noted By:
Thesis Adviser
38
ACES Administrator
Approved By:
Mrs. Annalyn Palma
Day Care Worker
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
K18 Diversion Road Ilayang Dupay, Lucena City
Tel No. (042) 373-7627 / 660-1290
January 27, 2018
Dear Parents of the Day Care Child/Children,
The undersigned are currently conducting a study on “Effects of Balanced Diet to the
Child’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and Agility. Please find attached the questionnaire in
this study and answer each statement accordingly. Your cooperation and patience in this
study will be much appreciated. Thank You and May God Bless Us Always.
Sincerely the Researchers,
Noted By:
Thesis Adviser
39
ACES Administrator
Approved By:
Mrs. Annalyn Palma
Day Care Worker
APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the Day Care Child_____________________________Household Size ______
Age of the Child _________ Gender of the Child ______Height_______Weight______
Instructions: This survey would like to find out how many times per week your Day
Care Child eat the food groups below. Along this objective, please check the column
which corresponds to your answer as follows: 7 times per week; 5-6 times per week; 3-4
times per week; 1-2 time/s per week; 0- None at all per week.
7* 5-6 3-4 1-2 0-
NUTRIENTS AND FOOD GROUPS /week * * * None
/week /week /week At All

Source of Carbohydrates (Grain, Cereal foods)
Varieties of Breads
Cereals
Rice
Pasta
Noodles
Others Please Specify: _______________
Source of Vitamins, Minerals, Fiber (Fruits)
Apple
Banana
Grapes
Pineapple
Orange
Mango
Strawberries or Blackberries
Dalandan
Source of Calcium (Dairy Products)
Milk
Yoghurt
Margarine
Cheese
Avocado
Source of Protein, Iron (Lean Meats and Poultry)
40
Meat (Pork, Chicken, Beef)
Chicken/ Pork Liver
Sea Vegetables
Sea Foods (Shrimp, Crab, Clams,Squid)
Fish
Eggs
Peanuts
Source of Protein, Low in Calories (Vegetables)
Lettuce
Tomato
Cucumber
Carrot
Potato
Cabbage
Legumes (Beans ,Peas)
Others Please Specify _______________
Name of the Parent/ Guardian/ Respondent (Optional)____________________________
MENTAL AGILITY
STATEMENT ALW ALMOST OFTE SOMET NEVER

AYS ALWAYS N IMES
1. Does the child able to
follow the instructions
correctly?
2. Does the child able to share
his/her ideas in front of the
class?
3. Does the child aware of
what’s happening in his/her
surrounding?
4. Is the child excel in his/her
written and oral work/s?
5. Does the child remember

the past lesson that the
teacher’s teach?
41
6. Does the child know how to
write his name?
7. Does the child know the

letters of the alphabet
8. Does the child know how to

count number?

identify different shapes?

identify different colors?
PHYSICAL AGILITY
STATEMENT ALW ALMOST OFTEN SOMET NEVER

AYS ALWAYS IMES
1. Does the child participate in
different exercises like
dancing, singing, playing?
2. Does the child participate in
group work?
3. Does the child actively

participate in the activities
given by the teacher?
4. Does the child voluntarily help
others that involved physical
activities?
5. Does the child collaborate
with his/her classmates during
activities?
6. Does the child do board work?
7. Does the child contribute

his/her task in group activity?
42
8. Does the child perform
correctly what the teacher
commands?
9. Does the child work
independently in his/her task?
10. Does the child able to manage

and care for his/her personal
belongings?
APPENDIX C
ACTION PLAN
43
RHENZEL ARAH L. LAGRAZON

Yale Extension University Village Site
Barangay Ibabang Dupay, Lucena City
4301 Quezon Province, Philippines
09052248141/09482858111
arah.chloe@gmail.com
rhenzelarahlagrazon@yahoo.com
OBJECTIVES:
I want to succeed in a stimulating and challenging environment, building the success of the
company while I experience advance opportunities.
SKILLS:
 Computer literate (Microsoft Office App.)
 Endorse product
 Hosting
WORKING EXPERIENCE:
Promo Dicer Uniliver Inc.
Call on Duty
Waitress Le Jardin De Fleur
K18 Diversion Road
Call on Duty
Service Crew Jollibee Foods Corporation
September 2014– January 2016
44
Hi-Way Tayabas Road, Lucena City
Student Assistant ID Processor
September 2013 – March 2014
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Lucena City
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
Bachelor of Elementary Education Alpha Centauri Educational System Inc.
Ilayang Dupay, Lucena City
(3rd Year Onwards) 2014 – Onwards
Bachelor of Science in Psychology Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Site, Lucena City
(1st year) 2013 - 2014
Secondary Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Site, Lucena City
2009 – 2013
Primary Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Site, Lucena City
2003 – 2009
SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED:
Leadership Training Seminar Giselda R. Tolcidas, RN
Administrator
Ilayang Dupay, Lucena City
45
Conquest Rev. Merlito S. Soriano
Pastor
Bethel Bible Community
Site, Lucena City
PERSONAL PROFILE
Name: Rhenzel Arah L. Lagrazon
Age: 21 y/o
Address: Yale Extension University Village site

Barangay Ibabang Dupay, Lucena City
4301 Quezon Province, Philippines
Birth Date: August 10, 1996
Height: 5’2
Weight: 44kg
Contact Number: 09052248141 or 09482858111
CHARACTER REFERENCES:
Alexander E. Medina Student Affair Officer
09228324366
Rev. Merlito S. Soriano Pastor
Bethel Bible Community
09285058601
Melogyn L. Ruedas Elementary Teacher
Lucena East XI
09108074153
46
I hereby certified that the above information is truth and correct and my willingness to be
interviewed
for the further information, please feel free to contact me .
Lagrazon, Rhenzel Arah L.

Researcher
47

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ALPHA CENTAURI EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM INC.

EFFECTS OF BALANCED DIET TO THE CHILD’S

April 13, 2018

examination in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Elementary

Dr. Alicia P. Occidental

Dr. Alicia P. Occidental Mrs. Gisela R. Tolcidas, RN

Dean, College of Teacher Education ACES’ Administrator

Good nutrition contributes to healthy growth and development, strong school

reasons. Growth is an energy – and nutrient-requiring process. It will not proceed

normally unless the diet supplies enough of both.

categories; underweight, normal, overweight and obese.

diseases (Mamat et al., 2011; Mamat et al., 2012).

Agility is the ability to change the body's position efficiently, and requires the motor

coordination of isolated movement skills using a combination of

inches again and then multiplying that result by 703.

developing a number of diseases later in life.

Statement of the Problem

BMI and Agility.

Specifically it aims to find answers to the following questions:

4. What is the agility of the subjects under study in terms of :

sustain good nutritional status of four to five years old children.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study are deemed beneficial to the following:

health status of their children.

information for further research on balanced diet of Day Care Pupils.

Input Process Output

Height and weight

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Care Pupils served as respondents.

needed to maintain health or growth. (New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 2005)

Calcium – A silver-white divalent metal, combined in limestone (The New Webster’s

Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language)

Carbohydrates – Are substances in food that consist of a single sugar molecule or of

Webster’s Encsyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language)

Mineral – Substance obtained by mining, as ore. Essential to the functioning of the

Nutrients – containing or conveying nutriment, as solution or vessels of the body.

specific components of foods on health. ( Nutrition Now ; Judith E. Brown )

Performance – an action proceeding on an unusual or spectacular kind; the act of

Vitamin – any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal

metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural food staffs. Deficiencies of vitamins

development, to contribute to better cognitive and economic development. It also reduces

kwashiorkor, marasmus, hypertension, even in adulthood (OMS, 2010).Nutritional status

nutrients are being met. (Halterman,2010).

school performance by children and caused young children to be lethargic, withdrawn,

achieving optimal learning, defined as the abilities to recall information, to problem

food Nutrition and Academic Performance, 13 preferences and nutritional requirements

children on tests of phonemic fluency, design fluency, selective attention, visuospatial

from the subjects excluded. Those excluded were likely to be non-white

association between BMI, cognitive functioning, and academic performance to be

(Wolpert & Wheeler, 2008).

Furthermore, Li et al. (2008) measured academic performance by a test designed to

promotes weight gain.

reduced lunch program.

kindergarten on consequent selected proportions of childhood development. Their

findings suggested food in security at kindergarten predicted impaired academic

nutrients. About one-third of children who completed a food-habit questionnaire had

vegetables (Lahey & Rosen, 2010).

the human species (Ake-Tano et al., 2011).

According to Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCDC), to help

be ready, to stay, to participate more and to learn better in school.

as stated in Republic Act 6972 (Barangay-Level Total Development and Protection of

abuse and exploitation.

According to Hartline-Grafton, Henchy and Levin, the Department of Agriculture