Protective Device

Coordination / Selectivity
Sequence-of-Operation
Relay Testing &
Simulation
Relay Test Set Interface
& Equipment

Star - Device Coordination

ARTTS - Relay Testing
& Simulation

intelligent

intuitive

integrated
 Power System
Enterprise Solution
ETAP is the most comprehensive analysis platform for the design,
simulation, operation, control, optimization, and automation of
generation, transmission, distribution, and industrial power systems.

2 |
 Customize ETAP to fit your needs,
from small to large power systems
ETAP Enterprise Suite provides one solution to your power system
design, analysis, and operation needs. ETAP offers a comprehensive
suite of analysis modules that can be configured to suit your specific
needs. This modular approach allows you to purchase only the
modules you need. Dynamics
Featured in this brochure & Transients
Transient Stability
Generator Start-Up
Wind Turbine Generator
Distribution User-Defined Dynamic Model
Unbalanced Load Flow Parameter Estimation Cable Systems
Optimal Power Flow Underground Thermal Analysis
Transformer Tap Optimization Cable Pulling
Switching Sequence Mgmt. Cable Ampacity
Reliability Assessment Cable Sizing
Optimal Capacitor Placement Star
GIS Map Protective
Devices Power Quality
Coordination & Selectivity Harmonic Load Flow
Sequence-of-Operation Frequency Scan
Relay Test Set Interface Network Harmonic Filters
Transmission Analysis
Line Short-Circuit – ANSI
Line Constants Short-Circuit – IEC
Line Ampacity Arc Flash
Sag & Tension Load Flow
HV DC Transmission Link Motor Acceleration
ARTTS DC Systems
Relay Testing Load Flow
& Simulation Short-Circuit
Relay Test Set Equipment Control System Diagram
ETAP Test Set Software Battery Discharge Data
Battery Sizing Exchange
Ground Grid DataX
Systems MS Access & Excel
Finite Element Method CAD Interface
Energy IEEE 80 & 665 Methods e-DPP Interface
Management SmartPlant Interface
System
Automatic Generation Control
Economic Dispatch Panel Systems
Supervisory Control Panels ANSI & IEC
Monitoring Base
Interchange Scheduling Package
& Simulation Intelligent
Reserve Management Cable Ampacity & Sizing
Advanced Monitoring Load Shedding
Energy Accounting Transmission Line Constants
Load Preservation
Real-Time Simulation Report Manager
Load Restoration
Event Playback Project Management Wizards
Load Shedding Validation
Load Forecasting Output Report Comparator
Intelligent Multi-D Database
Substation Libraries
Substation Automation
Switching Management
Load Management

| 3
 Star
Device Coordination
Intuitive, Intelligent, Integrated

The Most Comprehensive

Device Protection & Coordination
Analysis Solution
ETAP Star device protection and coordination program
provides an intuitive and logical approach to Time Current
Characteristic (TCC) analysis with features and capabilities
such as graphical user interface, true-to-the-form protective
devices modeling, extensive Verified & Validated (V&V) device
library, embedded analysis modules, and integrated, rule-
based design.

Using intelligent one-line diagrams, comprehensive device

libraries, and a three-dimensional database, ETAP Star offers
insight into troubleshooting false trips, relay mis-operation,
and mis-coordination.
Device Coordination & Selectivity
Sequence-of-Operation
Verified & Validated Library
Relay Test Set Interface

4 |
Protective Device Coordination & Selectivity

StarView Toolbar

Capabilities Protective Device Handling

• AC & DC coordination • High impedance & percentage differential relay (87)
• ANSI & IEC coordination & protection standards • Phase, ground, & directional overcurrent relay (51/50, 67)
• Phase & ground coordination modes • Detailed implementation of voltage restraint & control relay (51V)
• Graphically adjustable device settings • Comprehensive modeling of electronic & hydraulic reclosers (79)
• Comprehensive V&V device libraries • Overload relay - CT based & Inline relays (49)
• Integrated with one-line diagram • Comprehensive relay interlocks
• Intelligent alert view for troubleshooting
• Embedded short circuit analysis
• Embedded motor acceleration analysis
• Modeling of multi-function & multi-level relays
• Virtual animation of sequence-of-operation playback
• Normalized plots shifted based on fault contributions
• Flexible user-definable display & plot options
• Extensive damage curve modeling & plotting
• Professional time current characteristic plots
• Detailed device setting reports
• Built-in interface with relay test set

Star - Device Coordination / Selectivity | 5

 One Action Resulting in a Complete Solution
Features
• Illustrate system wide coordination
• Click & drag curves to adjust settings
• Automatic current & voltage scaling
• Customizable TCC curve layout with embedded one-line
diagram
• Automatic layout of the one-line diagram in Star TCC View
• Integration of short circuit analysis with protective devices
• Motor starting curves based on motor acceleration studies
• Integration of arc flash analysis results on Star TCC View
• Multi-axis time current curves
• Automated color sequencing of curves
• Graphical curve tracker with cross lines & time gap tools
• Time difference calculator
• Adjustable magnifying-glass zoom view
Benefits
• Enables system engineers to easily & efficiently perform
protective device coordination studies
• Provide an accurate & realistic operating characteristic,
time, & state of protective devices
• Offers insight into troubleshooting false trips, relay mis-
operation, & mis-coordination
• Aids system engineers & planners to quickly realize
possible design issues & make informed decisions
6 |
• User-definable curves & fault arrows
• Transformer damage curve & inrush curve modeling
• Generator decrement & damage curves
• Multiple motor starting curves based on starting voltage
• Motor & stator damage curves
• Automatic clipping of curve based on calculated or user-
defined fault current
• Minimum fault calculation & TCC marker
• Comprehensive print functionality, legends, & device
labeling
• Batch print TCC plots & diagrams for various paper sizes
• Graphical printing & plotting
• Customizable reports
Intelligent Alert View
With ETAP Star you can troubleshoot your device coordination
studies for any Star View. The Alert View button on the Star
View provides a summary of alerts or messages (low priority
alerts) that provides hints as to how and why a particular
device curve is not being displayed or missing information
regarding a device.
Star Alert View
 Graphical Adjustment
Device curves can be graphically adjusted in the Star View.
Handles are provided on the device characteristic curves to
identify adjustable regions. Available ranges for a selected
curve can be displayed and identified by clicking the Hide/
Show Range button. The available ranges are grayed out
when an adjustable curve is selected.

Star Plot Options

Star Plot Options tool provides all the necessary options
to customize the display of the Star TCC curve. You can
customize the display of current and time axes, legend, grid,
curve plotting properties, and more.

Graphical Adjustment of Curves

Zoom to New Window

Star - Device Coordination / Selectivity | 7

 Fully Integrated Module

Integration of Arc Flash Analysis

& Star View
ETAP Arc Flash is a fully integrated module that takes
advantage of all the capabilities already built into Star. The
program calculates the individual arcing current contributions
and arc fault clearing time of all the protective devices
involved in the arc fault by interfacing with Star.

The calculated and allowable incident energy curves can be

plotted in Star View as a function of time and current.

TCC and Arc Flash Results

Generator Decrement Curve

Star provides plotting of the generator decrement curve and
display both the symmetrical and asymmetrical decrement
curve based on generator no-load or full-load conditions.
Excitation system field forcing capability, used to speed
up the response of the generator, is also considered when
plotting the generator decrement curve.

Generator Decrement Curve

8 |
 Multiple Motor Starting &
Damage Curves
A motor starting curve can be plotted on a Star view for
the purpose of determining overload settings for motor
protection devices. Constant Terminal Voltage can be used
to plot the motor starting curve based on a constant voltage
at the motor terminal.

The motor curves have been enhanced by including stator

damage curve or running overload curve into Star. Stator
curves can be plotted based on multiples of machine full-
load amps or actual amp values.
Motor Starting / Damage Curve

Device Setting Report

Star Device Coordination Reports Manager provides
comprehensive and customizable device setting reports. The
manager allows you to preview and print the protective device
setting data, using the Crystal Reports® formats.

Device Setting Report: Customize reports and export to Microsoft® Excel

Star - Device Coordination / Selectivity | 9

 Sequence-of-Operation
Star Sequence-of-Operation evaluates, verifies, and confirms
the operation and selectivity of the protective devices for
various types of faults for any location directly from the one-
line diagram and via normalized TCC curve views.

Sequence-of-Operation provides a system wide solution

for an accurate and realistic operating time and state of
protective devices, such as relay, fuse, circuit breaker, trip
devices, contactor, etc. The operation time is calculated for
each protective device based on its settings, time current
characteristic, and interlocks for a specified fault location
and type.
Functionalities
• User-definable fault insertion location
• View device operation sequence graphically
• Device failure & backup operation
• Detailed relay actions (27, 49, 50, 51, 51V, 59, 67, 79, 87)
• Sequence of event viewer
• Normalized (shifted) TCC curves
• Phase & Ground faults (symmetrical & asymmetrical)
• Flashing protective device via the one-line diagram

Drag & Drop a Fault

• Phase & ground faults
• Display fault currents on the one-line diagram
• Illustrate system wide coordination
• Tabulate operating times via an event viewer
• Customizable reports

Star Protective Device Sequence-of-Operation

Drag and Drop Faults

10 |
Graphical Animation of
Protective Device Operation
Graphical Animation of Protective Device Operation
Coordinate via One-Line Diagram
• Graphically place a fault anywhere on the one-line diagram
• Automatically calculate & display the fault current
contributions on the one-line diagram
• Evaluate the operating time & state of devices based on
the actual fault current contribution flowing through each
individual device
• Graphical animation of protective device operation
• Globally view post fault actions & associated operating time
via a tabulated event viewer
• Examine the operation of protective devices via the one-line
diagram
Normalized TCC Curve
Normalized (Shifted) TCC mode is an analysis feature in
ETAP Star View which is based on Sequence-of-Operation
calculation. This analysis mode provides a graphical view
of the operation times of protective devices based on their
corresponding settings and characteristics for specified
fault location and type. Normalized TCC mode graphically
displays the TCC curves of protective devices in relation to
one and another for a given fault.
Normalized Time Current Characteristic Curve
Sequence of Event Viewer
The sequence of operation of protective devices are
automatically calculated and listed in an Event Viewer,
which is dynamically linked with the one-line diagram. This
one-step concept utilizes the intelligent one-line diagram
and performs a complete set of actions to determine the
operation of all protective devices. This includes internal
shifting (normalizing) of each TCC curve based on the
individual fault contribution level.
Star - Device Coordination / Selectivity | 11
 Verified & Validated Device Libraries

Extensive Protective Device Library

• Library copy & merge manager
• Most comprehensive & up-to-date protective device information
• Verified & validated libraries using published manufacturer data
• User-definable libraries – easily create & add new devices
• Digitalization points & equation based relays
• True-to-the-form modeling of protective devices
• Legacy as well as state-of-the-art device manufacturer models
• Customized library – user curve library

Protective Device Libraries

• Fuse
• Relay (OCR, OLR, DIF)
• Recloser
• Electronic Controller
• HV Circuit Breaker
• LV Circuit Breaker
• Solid State Trip
• Electro-Mechnical
• Thermal Magnetic
• Motor Circuit Protector
• Overload Heater

12 |
Library Merge
ETAP allows merging of library files using the copy and merge
functions. The merge function allows you to merge a partial or
complete library file from one library to another library, making
it simple to manage the library content from various library files.

Library Checker: Track and verify library changes

Library Checker
The checker access level is provided for verification of
changes to project engineering properties and libraries
data. This allows for control and validation of library data.

Library Merge Manager

Accuracy and Reliability

ETAP is the only high-impact electrical engineering software to comply with widely accepted and firmly
established quality standards and regulations. Every release of ETAP is verified and validated (V&V) against
field results, real system measurements, established programs, and hand calculations in order to ensure its
technical accuracy. The V&V process includes the entire ETAP Library including the device libraries.

Star - Device Coordination / Selectivity | 13

 Advanced Relay Testing
& Transient Simulator
Precise, Flexible, Accurate

Fully Integrated Hardware &

Software Relay Testing Solution
The ETAP Advanced Relay Testing and Transient Simulator
(ARTTS) is a new concept that utilizes hardware and software
technologies for testing, calibrating, and simulating relays.

ETAP ARTTS combines the short-circuit and protection

device coordination capabilities of ETAP with the relay testing
hardware. It provides actual steady-state and transient
responses of relays for comparisons with the manufacturers
published data. ARTTS is designed to improve system
protection, coordination, and reliability, hence decreasing
operational and maintenance costs.

Relay Test Set Equipment

Relay Test Set Software
Test, Simulate, & Calibrate Relays,
Meters, & Transducers
Manual & Fully Automatic Testing
‘Click & Test’ Feature for Quick Testing
Playback Transients from Fault Studies
& Recorders
Export to Comtrade Format

14 |
Testing, Calibrating, & Simulating Relays

Bridge Between Relay-Testing Hardware

& Power System Simulation Technology
ARTTS provides the bridge between the relay-testing hardware
and power system simulation technology. While ETAP Star provides
a revolutionary method of analyzing and simulating the protective
device coordination and protection view via an intelligent one-line
diagram, ETAP ARTTS determines the actual operation of protective
relays based on steady-state and dynamic transient waveforms and
compares the captured relay response with that of manufacturer
published curves.

Relay Test Set Interface

• Fully integrated protective relay historical testing & maintenance
database with ETAP Star
• Export short circuit data, relays settings to relay test set
• Plot device steady-state response
• Compare relay response with manufacturer published data
• Analyze deviation from nominal values
• Display relay actual transient response
• Analyze relay false trips & mis-operation
• Comtrade export of time domain fault currents & voltages

Test Results Comparison: Compare test results

with published curves

ARTTS - Relay Testing & Simulation | 15

 Relay Actual Response

Steady-State Response
ETAP Star exports the relay settings and parameters to
ARTTS for current injection into the relay. Based on the
required range of the overcurrent and/or fault current, the
relay test set then injects multiple currents (single-phase or
three-phase) into the relay in order to reconstruct the relay
TCC curve based on the actual relay response. The relay
test points are then imported to ETAP Star for plotting and
comparison with the manufacturer published data.

Relay Steady-State Response

Relay Steady-State Response

Transient Response
The ability to simulate relay response under steady-state
and transient conditions during both fault and normal
system operating conditions provides the necessary tools
for protection engineers and technicians to confidently
determine and evaluate the design and operation of
protection system. Steady-state fault current provides only
a snapshot operation of the relay based on sustained
current. Transient fault simulation is necessary to
determine the actual response time of the relay based on
the distributed through fault containing AC and DC decay
current.

Relay Transient Response The waveforms are generated from ETAP and are
pragmatically played into the relay through ARTTS.
This allows for verification of the relay operation under
conditions matching actual system faults. By comparing
these sets of curves, Star visually indicates the
discrepancies and deviation between the actual (field
setting) versus design (intended / ideal) device response
characteristics.

16 |
ARTTS Software Modules

Integrated Software
ARTTS software is an advanced control software program for
accessing all functions of the Automatic Relay Testing and
Transient Simulator. This powerful software can be used for
manual and fully automatic testing of protective relays, energy
meters, and transducers.

The ARTTS software modules are extremely easy to use with

intuitive graphical user interface and realistic representations of
panel control and vector quantities. The ARTTS Wizard allows the
user to easily and quickly select the most appropriate software
program for the required application. The ‘Click and Test’ feature
of the software makes relay testing more efficient and saves test
time. Test sequences can be created and customized using the
Sequence editor. Test results can be saved and customized using ARTTS Software: Virtual front panel
the report manager to suit user output requirements.

Features
• Intuitive graphical user interface
• Virtual front panel control
• Graphical vector control
• Ramp test with ability to sequence tests for ramping any
parameter up or down at the same time
• Threshold test for automatic determination of thresholds
(current, voltage, frequency, & phase angle)
• Rate of change (gradient) tests for frequency, voltage, current,
phase-angle, & Vdc (Dx / Dt)
• Sequence editor
• Test of distance relays with direct import of relay characteristic
with RIO format
• Test of distance relays with simulation of all types of faults:
single-phase, two-phase, two-phase-to-ground, & three-phase
• Report manager for test report customization
• Export results in Windows® application formats

ARTTS - Relay Testing & Simulation | 17

 ARTTS-6

Test Any Protective Relays

Relay Type IEEE No.
Distance Relay 21
Synchronizing Device 25
Under/Over-Voltage Relay 27/59
Directional Power Relay 32
Field Relay 40
Reverse Phase Current Relay 46
Capabilities Phase Sequence Voltage Relay 47
• Multi-tasking capability designed for testing protective Incomplete Sequence Relay 48
relays, energy meters, & transducers
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay 50
• Test 24 different relay types Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay 51
• Playback transient signals from ETAP fault simulation, Power Factor Relay 55
digital-fault recorders, & numerical relays Voltage Balance Relay 60
• High accuracy - typically .02%; 0.1% guaranteed Ground Detector Relay 64
• Relay settings validation Directional Overcurrent Relay 67
• Advanced software program for manual & fully automatic Phase Angle Out-of-Step Relay 78
testing Automatic Reclosing Relay 79

• Realistic representation of panel control & vector Frequency Relay 81

quantities Pilot Wire Receiver Relay 85

• Click & Test feature for efficient, quick testing Lockout Relay 86
Differential Protection Relay 87
• Two-way synchronized data exchange
Voltage Directional Relay 91
• Intuitive graphical user interface
Power Directional Relay 92
• Virtual front panel control
Tripping Relay 94
• Graphical vector control
• Up to nine currents & seven voltages outputs plus auxiliary
DC supply
• Customizable test report format
• Self-calibrating capability

18 | Distance Relay Test Module

Automatic Relay Test Set

AC/DC Current Outputs

• Six independent current sources with a common neutral
RANGE CONNECTION CURRENT POWER ZMAX RESOLUTION
A VA Ohm
• Independent adjustment of current outputs 1 6X DIRECT 0-15 80 0.35 230 µA
2 6X DIRECT 0-1.5 0.35 23 µA
• Continuous duty cycle 3
4
6X
3X
DIRECT
DIRECT
0-0.15
0-15
0.35
0.44
2 µA
230 µA
100
5 3X DIRECT 0-1.5 0.44 23 µA
• 28 bit waveform resolution 6
7
3X
3X
DIRECT
2 IN PARALLEL
0-0.15
0-30
0.44
0.18
2 µA
460 µA
8 3X 2 IN PARALLEL 0-3 160 0.18 46 µA
• Capable of stepping or ramping the current 9
10
3X
3X
2 IN PARALLEL
2 IN SERIES
0-0.3
0-15
0.18
0.71
5 µA
230 µA
11 2X 3 IN PARALLEL 0-45 160 0.12 690 µA
• Programmable rate of change (± 0.001 A/s to ± 999 A/s) 12
13
1X
1X
6 IN PARALLEL
2 SERIES OF +2 IN PARALLEL
0-90
0-30
240 0.06
0.35
1.38 mA
460 µA
480

• Current accuracy: ± 0.1% of the value, ± 0.02% of the range

• 0.1% total maximum distortion
• Automatic protection for overload conditions

AC/DC Voltage Outputs

• Four independent voltage sources with a common neutral RANGE CONNECTION VOLTAGE POWER ZMAX RESOLUTION
V VA Ohm
• Independent adjustment of voltage outputs 1 4X DIRECT 0-125 80 195 1.9 mV
2 3X DIRECT 0-12.5 195 190 µV
3 3X DIRECT 0-1 195 19 µV
• Continuous duty cycle 4 1X 2 IN SERIES 0-250 160 390 3.8 mV
5 1X 2 IN PARALLEL 0-125 160 97 1.9 mV
• 28 bit waveform resolution OPTIONAL 300 V OUTPUT
1 4X DIRECT 0-300 80 1125 4.6 mV
• Stepping or ramping output voltage 2 3X DIRECT 0-125 80 195 1.9 µV
3 3X DIRECT 0-12.5 195 190 µV
4 1X 2 IN SERIES 0-600 160 390 9.2 mV
• Programmable rate of change (± 0.001 V/s to ± 999 V/s) 5 1X 2 IN PARALLEL 0-300 160 97 4.6 mV

• Voltage accuracy: ± 0.1% of the value, ± 0.02% of the range

• 0.1% total maximum distortion
• Automatic protection for overloads & counter-feed
• Fourth voltage output
Specifications
Multi-tasking automatic test set designed for testing
protection relays, energy meters, & transducers.

• Output: 6 x 15A (80 VA) , 4 x 300V (80 VA), 1 x 260 VDC

• High accuracy: 0,1%, 0.05% (HP)
• Analog measurement inputs
• IEC 61850 protocol interface
• USB & RS232 port
• Controlled by laptop PC or local control by PDA
• Lightweight: 18 kg (39.7 lb)

Voltage and Current I/O Configuration

ARTTS - Relay Testing & Simulation | 19
etap.com
Quality Assurance Commitment
ETAP is Verified and Validated (V&V) against field results, real system measurements, established programs, and hand calculations to ensure its technical accuracy.
Each release of ETAP undergoes a complete V&V process using thousands of test cases for each and every calculation module. ETAP Quality Assurance program is
specifically dedicated to meeting the requirements of:

ISO 9001:2000 10 CFR 21 ASME NQA-1 CAN/CSA-Q396.1.2

10 CFR 50 Appendix B ANSI/ASME N45.2 ANSI/IEEE 730.1 ANSI N45.22

© 2008 Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Operation Technology, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective holders.

Operation Technology, Inc. | 17 Goodyear, Suite 100 | Irvine, CA 92618 | T 800.477.ETAP | T 949.462.0100 | F 949.462.0200 | info@etap.com