Cairo University Experimentation MDE Department

Faculty of 4th year

Engineering

Report #2

Submitted By Omar Mohsen Abd Submission Date:

El Azim 20/11/2018
Checked By Dr. Shaltout
Abstract
This report is a result from the lab of pneumatic lab experiments. Firstly the components
were introduced to our group and after discussing about the components there were
applied pneumatic circuits that were required to know how it works and the group was
aided by Doctor Mohamed Shaltout. So this report requirement to write about components,
circuits and applications of the pneumatic components in Industry.
Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Main Components................................................................................................................................... 5
Air Service Component ....................................................................................................................... 5
Directional Control Valve .................................................................................................................... 5
Types: .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Cylinders.............................................................................................................................................. 6
Types ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Cushioning........................................................................................................................................... 7

Table of Contents

Figure 1( Pneumatic circuit) .................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 2(Air Service unit)......................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 3(ISO symbol of the air service unit) ............................................................................................ 5
Figure 4(Solenoid Control Valve) ............................................................................................................ 5
Figure 5(Mechanical directional control Valve) ...................................................................................... 6
Figure 6(pneumatic directional control valve) ........................................................................................ 6
Figure 7(Single acted cylinder) ................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 8(Double acting Cylinder) ............................................................................................................ 7
Figure 9( Cylinders used in labs) ............................................................................................................. 7
Introduction
Pneumatic circuits are an essential circuit for motion transmission it is used as an applied
circuit for controlling and automation. So in order to be able to study this circuit, the circuit
must be divided into components (Air service, valves, cylinder….etc.) .Also there are a pure
pneumatic circuits for simple applications but the majority of the system is electro-
pneumatic as the precision of the circuit and high controllability. Some cautions must be
taken while designing there are control techniques and circuits that are suitable for each
application (Meter-in, Meter out, bleed off), moreover documentation must be clear while
designing this circuits.

Figure 1( Pneumatic circuit)

Main Components
Air Service Component
First of all it is a component that contains (air filter, pressure control valve, pressure gage)

So it is a component that its main function of is to provide the pneumatic system with a well
cleaned, lubricated and regulated compressed air. Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of the air
service according to the ISO.

Figure 3(ISO symbol of the air service unit)

Figure 2(Air Service unit)

Directional Control Valve

Types:

There are types of the directional control valve:

1-Solenoid Control Valve

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical device in which the solenoid uses an electric

current to generate a magnetic field and thereby operate a mechanism which regulates the
opening of fluid flow in a valve.

Figure 4(Solenoid Control Valve)

2-Mechanical directional Control Valve

Mechanically directional control valve is a valve that must be subjected to force to change
the direction of the flow control valve

Figure 5(Mechanical directional control Valve)

3-Pneumatic directional control Valve

It is directional control valve that is operated by air

Figure 6(pneumatic directional control valve)

Cylinders
Pneumatic cylinder(s) (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use
the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.

Types
1- Single acting Cylinder:

A single acting cylinder is one where the thrust or output force is developed in only one
direction.
The piston is returned by a fitted spring, or by some other external means such as a weight,
mechanical movement, gravity or an external spring. They have a single port to allow
compressed air to enter the cylinder to move the piston to the desired position

Figure 7(Single acted cylinder)

2-Double acting Cylinder
A double acting pneumatic cylinder is one where the thrust, or output force, is developed in
both extending and retracting directions. Double acting cylinders have a port at each end
and move the piston forward and back by alternating the port that receives the high-
pressure air, necessary when a load must be moved in both directions such as opening and
closing a gate.

Figure 8(Double acting Cylinder)

Cushioning
In the lab there were some cylinders that used cushioning in order to increase the entire pneumatic
system, improve cycle time and reduce the size of the components, as good end position cushioning
decreases the impact forces generated by changing loads.

Figure 9( Cylinders used in labs)