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BENGZON, J.:
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2/3/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 076
417
His foreign status does not exclude him ipso facto from the
scope of the above provisions. As stated by the Solicitor-
General, he might be prosecuted for espionage,
(Commonwealth Act No. 616) a crime not conditioned by
the citizenship of the offender, and considered as, an
offense against national security.
The contentions advanced during the oral argument,
challenging the validity of said section 19, Commonwealth
Act No. 682, upon constitutional grounds must be
overruled, in view of our decision in Laurel vs. Director of
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2/3/2019 PHILIPPINE REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 076
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