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ﺎﺱ ٬ﻭﺗﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﺑﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻔِﻛﺭﻳّﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺟﺩﺍﻧﻳّﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﻡ ٬ﻭﺗﺗ ّﻡ ﻣﻥﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟ ّﻧ
ّ ّ
ُﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻣﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺗ ّﻡ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻘﻝ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣُﺭﺳِ ﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣ ِ
.ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑٍ ﻣُﻌﻳّﻧﺔ ﻣﻔﺎ ُﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻳﺻﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ
ﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ
ُﻣ ّ
ﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ۲]:
]ﺗﺗﻛﻭّ
ﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣ ّﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ّ
ﻝ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ٬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ .ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺭﺳِ ﻝ :ﻳ ﱢ
ُﻣﺛ
ّ
ﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ) ﺍﻟﻣُﺭﺳِ ﻝ( ٬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣُﺗﺣ ّﻛﻣﺎ ً ُﺭﺳ
ﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣ َ ّ
ﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ٬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟ ّ ّ
ﻝ ﺍﻟﻁ ﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ :ﻳ ﱢ
ُﻣﺛ ﺍﻟ ُﻣ ِ
ّ ّ
.ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ُﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ٬ﻭﻳ ّﺗﺑﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ
ﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ ٬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺗ ّﻡ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣُﺭﺳِ ﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣ ِ ّ ّ
ﻝ ﺍﻟﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔُ :ﺗ ﱢ
ﻣﺛ ّ
.ﺭﺩّﺓ ﻓﻌﻝ
ُﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺗ ّﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣُﺭﺳِ ﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣ ِ
.ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳّﺔ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ
ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ
ﻗﺎﻣﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻣﻝ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ٬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺇ ّﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻋﺕ ﺃﻥْ ُ ﺗﺣﻭﱢ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ّﺗﺻﻝ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ
ﻣﻊ ﻏﻳﺭﻩ ﺑﺄﻗﻝّ ﻣﺟﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺃﻗﻝّ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ [۳]٬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷ ّﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ٬ﻛﺎﻟ ّﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ٬ﻭﺍﻟ ّ
ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ٬ﻭﺍﻟﻣُﺅﺳّﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳّﺔ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ
.ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻّﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ
ّ
ُﺗﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺗﻠ ّﻘﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻪ ﺑﻔﺎﻋﻠﻳّﺔ ﺗﺎﻣّﺔ ﻣﻊُ : Homeschooling) ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩَ ﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻲّ ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳ
ﺍﻟﻣُﻌﻠّﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ٬ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻣﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻲّ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ٬ﻭﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ
][٤
ﺅﺳﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ ُﻣ ّ
ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ّ
ّﺳﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻣﻭﻅﻔﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠ ّﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ٬ﺧﺻﻭﺻﺎً ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻌ ﱡﺩﺩ ﺃﻓﺭُﻉ ﺍﻟ ّ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
ﻔﺎﻗﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ
ٍ ّ
ُﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺻّﻔﻘﺎﺕ ٬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﺗ
َ ّ ً
ﺍﻟﻣُﺅﺳّﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻣُﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ .ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻹﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣُﺅﺳّﺳﺎﺕ ﻣ
ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﱡﻐﺭﻯ .ﻋﺎﻡ [٦]٬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺩّﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻌﺎﻣُﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟ ّ
: Videoﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﻣُﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ٬ﻓﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺩﻳﻭ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
ُﻭﻅﻑ ﻟﻠّﺳﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻧ ﱡﻘﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺗﻣﺭﺍﺕConferencess) ۷]. ]ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺃﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣ ّ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻣ ّﻳﺔ
ﺗﺗﻌﺩّﺩ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻣﻳّﺔ ٬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻّﻌﺏ ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺩ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻻ ﻳﺣﻣﻝ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﺎً ﻣﺣﻣﻭﻻً [۸]٬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻧﺯﻻً
ﻻ ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﺗﻑ ﺃﺭﺿﻲّ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ٬ﻭﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻐﻳﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺧﻠﻭ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭﻳّﺔ ﻭﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ
.ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ
ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻝ ﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ
ﱡ
ُﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ٬
ﺗﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻁﻳﺭ ﻭﺗﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣ ِ
َ ّ
ﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺟﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺭّ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺔ ٬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺛ ّﻡ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺣ
َ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻗﺩﻳﻣﺎ ً
ً
ﻭﺑﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟ ّﻧﺎﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟ ّﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ٬ﻭﺗﻁﻭّ ﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻭﺍﺧ ُﺗ ِﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻟﺑﺩﺍﺋﻲّ ٬ﻭﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﻳﺗﻁﻭّ ﺭ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﺣﻣﻭﻻ ٬ﻭﻣﻥ
ﺛ ّﻡ ﺗ ّﻡ ﺍﺧﺗﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻋﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺣﻭﱢ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻐﻳﺭ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻷﻱ ﺷﺧﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ّﺗﺻﻝ ﺑﺷﺧﺹ ﺁﺧﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺻّﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺭﺓ
]ﺑﺳُﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ۹].
ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ
:ﻳُﻌ ّﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲّ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻝ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﻥ ﺑُﻌﺩ ٬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺗ ّﻡ ﺍﺧﺗﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ1876 ﻡ ﻣﻥِ ﻗ َﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲّ ﺃﻟﻛﺳﺎﻧﺩﺭ ﺑﻳﻝ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺳﻠﻛﻲّ ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺑﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺳﻠﻛﻲّ ﺁﺧﺭ ﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺕ ﻭﺗﻠ ّﻘﻳﻪ .ﺣﻅﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﺭﺍﻉ ﺑﺎﻫﺗﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﺑﻳﺭAlexander Bell)٬ ٬
]۱۰
]ﻓﺗﺳﺎﺭﻉ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺷﺭﻳﻥ ٬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺛﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ
ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﻓﻲ: Martin Cooper) ﺗ ّﻡ ﺍﺧﺗﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻭﻱّ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ1973 ﻡ ﻣﻥِ ﻗ َﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﻣُﻬﻧﺩﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻲّ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻥ ﻛﻭﺑﺭ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
ﻟﻼ ّﺗﺻﺎﻻﺕ ٬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻻﺳﻠﻛﻲّ ﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ ﻳُﺗﻳﺢ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﺑﺭ ﺃﺑﺭﺍﺝ ﻣُﺗﺧﺻّﺻﺔ ﺑﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻻﺳﻠﻛﻲّ : Motorola) ﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻭﺗﻭﺭﻭﻻ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ
]ﻫﻭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﺎﺗﻑ ﺧﻠﻭﻱّ ﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ Motorola DynaTAC ۱۱].ﻣﺣﻣﻭﻝ ﺁﺧﺭ ﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺕ ٬ﻭﻳُﻌﺗ َﺑﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ
VOIPﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ
ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﺣﺩﻳﺛﺔُ ﺗﻣ ﱢﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻣُﺳﺗﺧﺩِﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺇﺟﺭﺍء ﺍ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺻّﻭﺕ (VOIP) ﻭﺍﺧﺗﺻﺎﺭﺍً Voice Over IP ﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ
ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺭﺓVOIP ﻭﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺭﺓ ٬ﻭﻳﺗﻣﻳّﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻ ّﺗﺻﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺳّﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺻّﻭﺭﺓَ .ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ
ﺷﻬﻳﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ : Skype)٬ﻫﻲ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﺳﻛﺎﻳﺏ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳّﺔ VOIPP ﻣﻣّﺎ ﻳُﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻣ ّﺗﺻﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳّﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻣّﺔ [۱۳].ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ّ
: Viber).ﻭﺗﻁﺑﻳﻕ ﻓﺎﻳﺑﺭ) ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳّﺔ