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 CBSE Class 10 Science
NCERT Exemplar Solutions
CHAPTER 1
Chemical Reactions and Equations

Exercise

Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs)

1. Which of the following is not a physical change?

(a) Boiling of water to give water vapour

(b) Melting of ice to give water
(c) Dissolution of salt in water
(d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Ans. (d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Explanation: Combustion of any substance is a chemical change because new substance is
formed after combustion.

2. The following reaction is an example of a

(i) displacement reaction

(ii) combination reaction
(iii) redox reaction
(iv) neutralisation reaction

(a) (i) and (iv)

(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv

Ans. (c) (i) and (iii)

Explanation: In this reaction, oxygen is displacing hydrogen from ammonia; hence it is a
displacement reaction. Moreover, nitrogen is getting oxidized and oxygen is getting reduced.

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Hence, this is redox reaction.

3. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?

(i) Iron metal is getting oxidized

(ii) Water is getting reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidizing agent

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (c) (i), (ii) and (iv)

Explanation: Oxygen is being added to iron, hence iron is getting oxidized. Oxygen is
removed from water; hence water is getting reduced. Water is providing oxygen; hence
water is the oxidizing agent.

4. Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(i) Reaction of water with quick lime

(ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Ans. (a) (i) and (ii)

Explanation: Exothermic process are chemical process which take place with the release of
heat. Enormous amount of heat energy is released when dilution of acid takes palce and

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when water reacts with quick lime.

5. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A

small amount of NaOH, anhydrous and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B

and C respectively. It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of
the solutions contained in beakers A and B, whereas in case of beaker C, the
temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following statement(s)
is(are)correct?

(i) In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred.

(ii) In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred.
(iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred.
(iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred.

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Ans. (c) (i) and (iv)

Explanation: Exothermic process will increase the temperature of beaker, while
endothermic process will reduce the temperature of beaker.

6. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing
acidified permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and
finally disappears. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the
observation?

(a) is an oxidising agent, it oxidises

(b) acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises

(c) The colour disappears due to dilution; no reaction is involved

(d) is an unstable compound and decomposes in presence of to a

colourless compound.

Ans. (a) is an oxidising agent, it oxidises

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Explanation: Potassium permanganate is a potential oxidizing agent. The purple colour was
because of ; which disappears once all the permanganate in the solution is utilized.

This is an example of titration.

7. Which among the following is(are) double displacement reaction(s)?

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(a) (i) and (iv)

(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Ans. (b) (ii) only

Explanation: In this reaction, sodium and barium are displacing each other from their
respective salts. Hence, it is a double displacement reaction.

8. Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true? Exposure of silver chloride to
sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to

(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride

(ii) sublimation of silver chloride
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride

(a) (i) only

(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iv) only

Ans. (a) (i) only

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Explanation: When silver chloride is kept in sunlight: it turns to grey because of formation
of silver. This is a decomposition reaction.

9. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide
accompanies by liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium
hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water. Which among the
following is (are) true about slaking of lime and the solution formed?

(i) It is an endothermic reaction

(ii) It is an exothermic reaction
(iii) The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven
(iv) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven

(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Ans. (b) (ii) and (iii)

Explanation: Slaking of lime is an exothermic reaction which is evident from liberation of
heat. Oxides and hydroxides of metals are alkaline. Hence, pH of the resulting solution will
be more than 7.

10. Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate forms barium sulphate and
ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type of the
reaction involved?

(i) Displacement reaction

(ii) Precipitation reaction
(iii) Combination reaction
(iv) Double displacement reaction

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only
(c) (iv) only

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(d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (c) (iv) only

Explanation: In this reaction, ammonium ion and barium are displacing each other from
their respective salts. Hence, it is a double displacement reaction

11. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and
oxygen gases liberated during electrolysis of water is

(a) 1:1
(b) 2:1
(c) 4:1
(d) 1:2

Ans. (b) 2:1

Explanation: In 1 mole water molecule, there are 2 mole hydrogen and 1 mole oxygen.

12. Which of the following is(are) an endothermic process(es)?

(i) Dilution of sulphuric acid

(ii) Sublimation of dry ice
(iii) Condensation of water vapours
(iv) Evaporation of water

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) only
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (d) (ii) and (iv)

Explanation: When a solid change into gas or a liquid change into gas, it happens because of
absorption of heat. Hence, these are endothermic processes.

13. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and
aqueous lead nitrate, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing

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the activity if lead nitrate is not available, which of the following can be used in place of
lead nitrate?

(a) Lead sulphate (insoluble)

(b) Lead acetate
(c) Ammonium nitrate
(d) Potassium sulphate

Ans. (b) Lead acetate

Explanation: We need a source of lead for making lead iodide, hence options (c) and (d) are
ruled out. Lead sulphate is insoluble, so it cannot be used.

14. Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sample of an oil for a
long time?

(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen

(b) Nitrogen or oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide or helium
(d) Helium or nitrogen

Ans. (d) Helium or nitrogen

Explanation: Oxygen is an oxidizing agent and hence it cannot be used. Helium is an inert
gas and hence it can be used. Nitrogen is among the least reactive gases and it is much
cheaper than helium. Hence, in most of the cases, Nitrogen is used in packets of oily food to
prevent rancidity.

15. The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct about the reaction?

(a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature

(b) It is a combination reaction
(c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by release of heat
(d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature

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Ans. (a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature.
Explanation: Potassium chlorate decomposes to give Potassium chloride and oxygen; hence
it is a decomposition reaction. Heat is being supplied to this reaction, so it is an endothermic
reaction.

16. Which one of the following processes involve chemical reactions?

(a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder

(b) Liquefaction of air
(c) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open
(d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature

Ans. (d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature.

Explanation: When copper is heated at high temperature in presence of air, it undergoes
oxidation to form copper oxide.(black in colour).

17. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the
correct states of the reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Ans. (c)

Explanation: At room temperature, hydrogen and oxygen are available as gas, while water
is available as liquid.

18. Which of the following are combination reactions?

(i)

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(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(a) (i) and (iii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Ans. (d) (ii) and (iii)

Explanation: In these reactions, two reactants react to form a single product.

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 Short Answer Questions

19. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.

(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773K to form
ammonia gas.

Ans.

This is a combination reaction.

(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.

Ans.

This is neutralization reaction.

(c) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of
concentrated .

Ans.

This is neutralization reaction.

(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases
heat and light.

Ans.

This is combustion reaction.

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20. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.

(a) Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and
aluminium oxide.

Ans.

This is a redox reaction.

(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium
nitride.

Ans.

This is combination reaction.

(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium
chloride solution and solid iodine.

Ans.

(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.

Ans.

This is redox reaction.

21. Complete the missing components/ variables given as x and y in the following
reactions

(a)

Ans.

(b)

Ans.

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(c)

Ans.

(d)

Ans.

22. Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?

(a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate

Ans. Endothermic

(b) Dilution of sulphuric acid

Ans. Exothermic

(c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water

Ans. Exothermic

(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water

Ans. Endothermic

23. Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions

(a)

Ans. Ammonia ( )

(b)

Ans. Fluorine

(c)

Ans. Carbon monoxide (CO)

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(d)

Ans. Hydrogen

24. Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions

(a)

Ans.

(b)

Ans.

(c)

Ans.

(d)

Ans.

(e)

Ans.

(f)

Ans.

25. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions

(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations
gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Ans.

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(b) Sodium hydrogen-carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride,
water and liberates carbon dioxide.

Ans.

(c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide
, liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.

Ans.

26. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an
insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also
mention the type of the chemical reaction?

Ans.

This is a precipitation reaction. This is double displacement reaction.

27. Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic
odour of burning Sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the type
of reaction.

Ans.

It is decomposition reaction

28. Why do fire flies glow at night?

Ans. Firefly secrete the enzyme luciferase. This enzyme reacts with luciferin which carries
out oxidation of magnesium. This happens in the presence of magnesium and oxygen. Light
is emitted because of oxidation of magnesium. Due to this, fireflies glow at night.

29. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant
can be fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a
physical change?

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Ans. When grapes are still on plants, their self-defense mechanism is at work. This prevents
fermentation of grapes. When grapes are plucked form plants, then yeast (a type of fungi)
carry out fermentation. During fermentation, sugar changes into alcohol. So, it is a chemical
change.

30. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?

(a) Evaporation of petrol

(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot.
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride

Ans. (a), (c) and (e) are physical changes.

(b) and (d) are chemical changes.

31. During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following
observations were made.

(a) Silver metal does not show any change

(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.

Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.

Ans. (a) Silver metal does not react with dilute HCl because silver lies low in the reactivity
series of metal

(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium is added because it is an
exothermic reaction.

(c) Reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive because Sodium is highly
reactive thus resulting in an exothermic reaction which lead to increase in temperature.

(d) When lead is treated with hydrochloric acid, bubbles of hydrogen gas are evolved.

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32. A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the
cement industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it
forms solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical
reactions involved.

Ans. Calcium oxide

33. Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions and also
classify them.

(a) Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead chloride and
acetic acid solution.

(b) A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium ethoxide and
hydrogen gas.

(c) Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide gas reacts to form solid iron and
liberates carbon dioxide gas.

(d) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid Sulphur and liquid water.

34. Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?

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Ans. Silver chloride on exposure to sunlight may decompose as per the following reaction.

Therefore, it is stored in dark coloured bottles.

35. Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction.

(a)

Ans. Balanced; Combination reaction

(b)

Ans.

(c)

Ans. Combination reaction

(d)

Ans. Displacement reaction

(e)

Ans. Balanced; Combination reaction

(f)

Ans. Decomposition reaction

36. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by

emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it
continues to burn and forms a compound Y.

(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.

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Ans.

(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.

Ans.

37. Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas
copper does not. Explain why?

Ans. Zinc is above hydrogen whereas copper is below hydrogen in the activity series of
metals. That is why zinc displaces hydrogen from dilute hydrochloric acid, while copper does
not.

38. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The
article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.

(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.

Ans. Metals such as silver when attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids,
gases etc, are said to corrode and this phenomenon is called corrosion.

(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.

Ans. The black substance is formed because silver (Ag) reacts with present in air. It

forms thin black coating of silver sulphide

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 Long Answer Questions

39. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper

oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed.

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

Ans. Balanced chemical equation

(b) Identity the brown gas X evolved.

Ans. The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

(c) Identify the type of reaction.

Ans. This is a decomposition reaction

(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X?

Ans. Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to form acidic solution because it is an oxide of non-
metal. Therefore, pH of this solution is less than 7.

40. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases

(a)

Ans. When carbon dioxide is passed into lime water, the lime water turns milky. This is the
characteristic test for carbon dioxide.

(b)

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Ans. Sulphur dioxide smells like rotten egg.

(c)

Ans. When a burning matchstick is brought near oxygen, the matchstick burns even more
brightly. This is the characteristic test for oxygen.

(d)

Ans. When a burning matchstick is brought near hydrogen gas, the matchstick burns with a
pop sound.

41. What happens when a piece of

(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?

Ans. Zinc displaces copper to form zinc sulphate.

(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?

Ans. Aluminium reacts with dil.hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride. Hydrogen gas
is evolved in this rection.

(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?

Ans. Silver is less reactive than copper. Hence, no reaction takes place.

42. What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of , HCl,

, NaCl and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.

Ans. The reaction of Zn granules with

(a) Dilute

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(b) Dilute HCl

(c) Dilute

Reaction with dilute is different as compared to other acids because nitric acid is an

oxidising agent and it oxidises gas evolved to .

(d) NaCl solution

(e) NaOH solution

43. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium

sulphite, white precipitate is obtained.

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Ans. Balanced chemical equation

(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?

Ans. This reaction is also known as double displacement reaction.

(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears.
Why?

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Ans. is a salt of a weak acid therefore dilute acid such as HCl

decomposes barium sulphite to produce sulphur dioxide gas which has the smell of burning
sulphur.

is soluble in water, hence white precipitate disappears.

44. You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium. You are
also provided with solutions of dilute HCl, dilute , and . In which of

the above containers these solutions can be kept?

Ans. Copper is a nobel metal. It does not react with hydrochloric acid or with nitric acid. But
aluminium is more reactive than copper. So, these acids should be kept in copper container.

Copper is less reactive than zinc and hence zinc chloride solution can be kept in copper
container. But aluminium is more reactive than zinc and hence zinc chloride solution cannot
be kept in aluminium container. For keeping water; both the containers can be used.
However, copper is better.

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