Títulos:

1. Influencia de Ca(OH) 2 como compuesto consolidante en combinación de

zincato de calcio de hidratado sintetizados por via sol-gel en uso de
recubrimiento novedoso para la conservación de monumentos históricos
(compuesto antifúngico o antibacteriano), determinación de actividad
fotocatalítica y correlación con actividad microbiológica
2. Variación de parámetros en estabilidad de solución, efecto consolidante y
determinación de actividad fotocatalítica en correlación con actividad
microbiológica del zincato de calcio de hidratado en combinación del Ca(OH) 2
sintetizados por via sol-gel
3. Caracterización de mezclas de Ca(OH)2 y zincato de calcio de hidratado
sintetizados por via sol-gel para uso como recubrimiento de uso en
conservación de monumentos históricos con evaluación de su actividad
microbiológica, ensayos de estabilidad en solución y actividad fotocatalítica

Abstract. It was evaluated a (Ca[Zn(OH)3]2•2H2O):(Ca(OH)2) mixed systems

synthesized via sol gel to improve its solution stability, photocatalytic activity
their biocompatibility whit the rock and antimicrobial activity. The compound was
tested by in vitro assay to determine its antifugal activity using the microdilution
test and agar diffusion assays, applied to the fungal models Aspergillus niger
and Penicillium oxalicum that record high antifungal activity. Also, these
compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, dispersion light scattering,
and its morphological structure were identified on a nanometric scale by SEM
and TEM technique with particle sizes less than 100 nm correlated whit
hydrodynamic radio less than 170 nm likewise a photocatalytic degradation test
was carried out with efficiency of 95% evaluated by methylene blue further it
was measured surface areas of ( ) by BET tecnic additionally in relation of
microbiological essays the outstanding minimum inhibitory concentration
corresponding of (CZ) calcium zincate unmixed system corresponding to 0.156
mg/ml of and 0.078 mg/ml for the formulation 90 CZ:10P indistinctively of the
evaluated fungus.
INTRODUCTION

One of the main problems that often is observed in historical monuments build
with calcareous rock is the degradation caused due to a great variety of
microorganisms as bacteria, lichens and fungi. For this reason, to allow the
long-term preservation of the cultural heritage, it is necessary to developed new
compounds which are biocompatible with the construction material Ist develop a
compound compatible with the calcareous stone, improving its antifungal
activity, it is proposed the use of a novel material which has great potential
capable of eradicating microbial biota degrading rock, called calcium zincate
dehydrate

The cultural heritage buildings in the southeastern Yucatan region used

limestone as a construction material, constituted mainly by calcium carbonate,
CaCO3. Although limestone has a high strength and hardness, but is not
exempt from degradation due to environmental, biological or chemical effects.
When environmental factors, particularly the environmental conditions of the
tropical region, favors the biodegradation of the limestone through colonization
of the colonization by microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae or lichens, which
form rich microenvironments in nutrients called biofilms that by retroactive effect
stimulate the colonization of various filamentous fungi, which trigger a series of
enzymatic reactions capable of degrading the stone2.

The cultural and historical importance of the archaeological and colonial

constructions, in order to maintain its legacy with time, in this way, it is
necessary to developedmethodologies that allow their preservation. Although
the environmental and biological deterioration of outdoor cultural heritage
should be corrected, for logistical reasons, the biotic factors can be controlled
with greater efficiency. For this case, the use of metallic oxides has been
proposed, which in several studies has shown a high capacity to inhibit
microorganisms both mycotic and microbial, in these studies it has been found
that species on a nanometric scale have even better properties than those
found in bulk, so finding materials on this scale and of this nature would be ideal
for further evaluation as Novel antimicrobial high capacity compounds 3,4,5.
One of the leading compounds that have been studied as a base model of
antimicrobiological properties in metal oxides is zinc oxide. This has a high capacity to
inhibit a wide range of microorganisms of which bacteria and fungi stand out. Its
mechanisms of action are still under study. but it is suggested that the main way is
through the formation of oxygen reactive species ROS 6. It should be noted that the
particle size and the surface area of the compound likewise take an important role in
the antimicrobiological activity because it influences the catalytic capacities of the
compound; therefore the determination of these parameters is crucial in the study of
the properties of any material to be evaluated 7

Another compound of interest is calcium hydroxide. This compound has been

used in the construction industry as a material for the manufacture of cement
and mortar 8,9, which indicates that in the field of restoration this material should
have a consolidating capacity, in addition to among other qualities is an
important antimicrobiological activity used as an antimicrobial material in
endodontic resins presenting both activity against bacteria and fungi.10

It is proposed the use of metal oxides that have structural similarity as well as
chemical activity, which has a comparable antifungal activity, the zincate
calcium hydroxide dehydrate Ca[Zn(OH)3]2•2H2O, may be an option, since its
synthesis by a sol-gel method using as precursors ZnO and Ca(OH)2, both
metal oxides have antimicrobial properties4,5. The zincate calcium hydroxide
dihydrate called CZ in this research, was evaluated as a coating in stone
coupons, synthesized by the modified sol-gel route of Gómez-Ortíz et al.
(2014)4 Commented [M1]: REESCRIBIR Y ORGANIZAR.

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