Typical Strutting Calculation

Straight Strut
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 406x260x148.8kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 720 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 1020 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.53 + 0.183 + 0 = 0.712 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 7.79E+06 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.823 + 0.17 + 0 = 0.993 OK!
0.69 + 0.197 + 0 = 0.886 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 431.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 10.2 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 264.8 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 360.6 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 25.0 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 19000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.9 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 148.8 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.18E+08 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 7.75E+07 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.25E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.99E+05 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 2.87E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.86E+05 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 180.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 63.90 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 1.24E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 9.66E+09 mm4 per lace section
= 6.49E+06 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.89E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 5.74E+06 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.53E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.80E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 504.1 mm per lace section
= 38000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.550
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 51.01

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.296 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.20 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 4320.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 6120.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 747.8 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 3.0 kN/m
Mx1 = 49.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 49.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 43.10 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 186 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 264 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 5.976 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 5.37 mm

strut capacity 2X406X260X148.8

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 6048 897 69 79 261 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 4536 785 52 25 196 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 4536 785 52 25 196 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 6426 785 52 25 277 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 6945 409 0 3473 204 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 5321 423 0 2661 211 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 5321 272 131 2661 136 66
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 7211 353 0 3606 177 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 13110 kN 6555 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2240 kNm 1120 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 5267 kNm 5267 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.530 0.183 0.000 0.712 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.406 0.189 0.000 0.595 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.406 0.121 0.025 0.552 OK! 0.712
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.550 0.158 0.000 0.708 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 19.84
Lacing slenderness, c = 36.62
CHECK: c <50 36.62
The strut slenderness, xx 63.75 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 51.27 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.266 The section Perry factor, = 0.198
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 497.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 770 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 487.7 N/mm The value of strength = 633.5 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 230.6 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 265.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 8762 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 10072 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 4381 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 5036 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.884

Section torsional index, x = 17.24
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.887
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.974
Section slenderness factor, = 0.913
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 39.01
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.059
Section Euler strength, pE = 1329 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 876 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 320.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 2079 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.793 0.196 0.000 0.989 OK!

strut capacity 2X406X260X148.8

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.607 0.203 0.000 0.810 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.607 0.131 0.002 0.740 OK! 0.993
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.823 0.170 0.000 0.993 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.690 0.197 0.000 0.886 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.528 0.203 0.000 0.732 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.528 0.131 0.022 0.682 OK! 0.886
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.716 0.170 0.000 0.886 OK! LC1 governs!

strut capacity 2X406X260X148.8

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 406x260x148.8kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1090 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 1540 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.534 + 0.184 + 0 = 0.718 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.17E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.828 + 0.17 + 0 = 0.998 OK!
0.695 + 0.198 + 0 = 0.893 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 431.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 10.2 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 264.8 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 360.6 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 25.0 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 19000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.9 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 148.8 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.18E+08 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 7.75E+07 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.25E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.99E+05 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 2.87E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.86E+05 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 180.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 63.90 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 1.85E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.82E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 9.74E+06 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.89E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 8.61E+06 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 3.38E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.80E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 819.0 mm per lace section
= 57000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.830
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 40.28

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.296 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.20 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 6540.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 9240.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1121.8 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 4.5 kN/m
Mx1 = 73.8 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 43.10 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 282 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 398 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 8.964 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 5.37 mm

strut capacity 3X406X260X148.8

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 9156 1346 103 119 395 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 6867 1178 77 37 296 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 6867 1178 77 37 296 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 9702 1178 77 37 418 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 10502 617 0 3501 206 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 8045 562 0 2682 187 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 8045 411 131 2682 137 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 10880 533 0 3627 178 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 19665 kN 6555 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 3360 kNm 1120 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 11648 kNm 11648 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.534 0.184 0.000 0.718 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.409 0.167 0.000 0.576 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.409 0.122 0.011 0.543 OK! 0.718
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.553 0.159 0.000 0.712 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.21
Lacing slenderness, c = 36.62
CHECK: c <50 36.62
The strut slenderness, xx 63.75 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 51.27 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.266 The section Perry factor, = 0.198
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 497.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 770 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 487.7 N/mm The value of strength = 633.5 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 230.6 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 265.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 13143 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 15109 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 4381 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 5036 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.884

Section torsional index, x = 17.24
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.887
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.974
Section slenderness factor, = 0.913
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 39.01
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.059
Section Euler strength, pE = 1329 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 876 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 320.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 3119 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.799 0.197 0.000 0.996 OK!

strut capacity 3X406X260X148.8

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.612 0.180 0.000 0.792 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.612 0.131 0.001 0.744 OK! 0.998
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.828 0.170 0.000 0.998 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.695 0.198 0.000 0.893 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.532 0.180 0.000 0.713 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.532 0.132 0.010 0.674 OK! 0.893
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.720 0.171 0.000 0.891 OK! LC1 governs!

strut capacity 3X406X260X148.8

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x305x179.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1040 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 1450 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.641 + 0.192 + 0 = 0.833 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 9.35E+06 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.796 + 0.182 + 0 = 0.978 OK!
0.796 + 0.204 + 0 = 0.999 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 620.2 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 307.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.0 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 23.6 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 22800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.1 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 179.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 1.53E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.14E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 5.55E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.14E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 4.94E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.43E+05 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 259.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 70.70 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 3.06E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.16E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 1.11E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.26E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 9.87E+06 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.78E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.59E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 505.0 mm per lace section
= 45600 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.641
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 46.97

Proposed section actual b/T = 6.506 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 38.30 Web is Semi-compact.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 3 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 6240.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 8700.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 897.4 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 3.6 kN/m
Mx1 = 59.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 49.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 62.02 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 387 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 540 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 6.580 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 2.39 mm

strut capacity 2X610X305X179

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 8736 1077 83 79 542 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 6552 942 62 25 406 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 6552 942 62 25 406 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 9135 942 62 25 567 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 9813 704 0 4906 352 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 7494 644 0 3747 322 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 7494 493 131 3747 247 66
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 10077 653 0 5039 327 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 15732 kN 7866 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 3404 kNm 1703 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 6138 kNm 6138 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.624 0.207 0.000 0.831 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.476 0.189 0.000 0.666 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.476 0.145 0.021 0.643 OK! 0.833
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.641 0.192 0.000 0.833 OK! LC4 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 19.80
Lacing slenderness, c = 33.10
CHECK: c <50 33.10
The strut slenderness, xx 44.39 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 46.34 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.160 The section Perry factor, = 0.171
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1026.6 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 942 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 767.9 N/mm The value of strength = 724.1 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 282.6 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 277.8 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 12888 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 12667 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 6444 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 6334 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.889

Section torsional index, x = 26.28
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.886
The value of slenderness, /x = 1.763
Section slenderness factor, = 0.965
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 37.35
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.047
Section Euler strength, pE = 1451 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 932 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 325.3 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 3210 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.775 0.196 0.000 0.971 OK!

strut capacity 2X610X305X179

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.592 0.180 0.000 0.771 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.592 0.138 0.002 0.731 OK! 0.978
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.796 0.182 0.000 0.978 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.775 0.219 0.000 0.994 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.592 0.201 0.000 0.792 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.592 0.154 0.019 0.765 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.796 0.204 0.000 0.999 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 2X610X305X179

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x305x179.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1570 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 2060 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.642 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.831 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.40E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.795 + 0.202 + 0 = 0.997 OK!
0.795 + 0.2 + 0 = 0.995 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 620.2 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 307.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.0 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 23.6 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 22800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.1 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 179.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 1.53E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.14E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 5.55E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.14E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 4.94E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.43E+05 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 259.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 70.70 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 4.59E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 4.59E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 1.66E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 4.67E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.48E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 3.98E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.59E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 819.6 mm per lace section
= 68400 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.915
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 37.86

Proposed section actual b/T = 6.506 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 38.30 Web is Slender.
Hence, the proposed section is Slender.
Section is classified as Class 4 Section web reduced strength, y' = 337.2 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 9420.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 12360.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1346.1 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 5.4 kN/m
Mx1 = 88.8 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 62.02 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 584 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 767 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 9.870 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 2.39 mm

strut capacity 3X610X305X179

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 13188 1615 124 119 818 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 9891 1413 93 37 613 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 9891 1413 93 37 613 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 12978 1413 93 37 805 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 14803 1061 0 4934 354 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 11304 895 0 3768 298 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 11304 744 131 3768 248 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 14391 935 0 4797 312 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 23065 kN 7688 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 5612 kNm 1871 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 13430 kNm 13430 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.642 0.189 0.000 0.831 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.490 0.159 0.000 0.650 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.490 0.133 0.010 0.632 OK! 0.831
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.624 0.167 0.000 0.791 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.20
Lacing slenderness, c = 33.10
CHECK: c <50 33.10
The strut slenderness, xx 44.39 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 46.34 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.49 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.49
The section Perry factor, = 0.159 The section Perry factor, = 0.170
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1026.6 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 942 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 763.5 N/mm The value of strength = 719.7 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 276.9 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 272.3 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 18942 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 18623 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 6314 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 6208 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.889

Section torsional index, x = 26.28
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.886
The value of slenderness, /x = 1.763
Section slenderness factor, = 0.965
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 37.35
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.98
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.045
Section Euler strength, pE = 1451 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 926 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 319.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 5309 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.795 0.202 0.000 0.997 OK!

strut capacity 3X610X305X179

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.607 0.170 0.000 0.777 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.607 0.142 0.001 0.749 OK! 0.997
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.773 0.178 0.000 0.951 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.795 0.200 0.000 0.995 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.607 0.169 0.000 0.776 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.607 0.140 0.009 0.756 OK! 0.995
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.773 0.176 0.000 0.949 OK! LC1 governs!

strut capacity 3X610X305X179

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x241.1kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1490 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 2050 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.657 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.844 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.26E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.809 + 0.188 + 0 = 0.997 OK!
0.801 + 0.18 + 0 = 0.981 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 12.7 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 31.0 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 30800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 17.9 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.15E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 7.67E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.73E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.78E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 4.31E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.58E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 1.53E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.07E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.36E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.37E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.64E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.0 mm per lace section
= 61600 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.668
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 45.88

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.308 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 8940.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 12300.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1212.3 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 4.8 kN/m
Mx1 = 79.7 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 49.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 63.50 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 568 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 781 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 7.822 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 2.02 mm

strut capacity 2X610X324X241.1

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 12516 1455 112 79 795 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 9387 1273 84 25 596 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 9387 1273 84 25 596 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 12915 1273 84 25 820 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 13971 986 0 6985 493 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 10660 856 0 5330 428 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 10660 705 131 5330 352 66
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 14188 929 0 7094 464 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 21252 kN 10626 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 5292 kNm 2646 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 8186 kNm 8186 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.657 0.186 0.000 0.844 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.502 0.162 0.000 0.663 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.502 0.133 0.016 0.651 OK! 0.844
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.668 0.175 0.000 0.843 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 19.76
Lacing slenderness, c = 30.23
CHECK: c <50 30.23
The strut slenderness, xx 43.49 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 42.33 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.155 The section Perry factor, = 0.149
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1069.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1129 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 790.3 N/mm The value of strength = 821.1 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 284.9 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 287.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 17547 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 17720 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 8773 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 8860 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.885

Section torsional index, x = 20.48
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.888
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.066
Section slenderness factor, = 0.953
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 33.68
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.021
Section Euler strength, pE = 1784 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1083 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 336.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 5157 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.796 0.200 0.000 0.996 OK!

strut capacity 2X610X324X241.1

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.608 0.174 0.000 0.781 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.608 0.143 0.001 0.752 OK! 0.997
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.809 0.188 0.000 0.997 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.788 0.191 0.000 0.980 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.602 0.166 0.000 0.767 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.602 0.137 0.014 0.753 OK! 0.981
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.801 0.180 0.000 0.981 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 2X610X324X241.1

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x241.1kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 2240 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 3080 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.659 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.845 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.89E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.81 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.998 OK!
0.802 + 0.18 + 0 = 0.982 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 12.7 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 31.0 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 30800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 17.9 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.15E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 7.67E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.73E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.78E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 6.46E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 6.22E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 2.30E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 6.33E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.04E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.34E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.64E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 820.2 mm per lace section
= 92400 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 1.003
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 35.71

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.308 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 13440.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 18480.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1818.4 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 7.2 kN/m
Mx1 = 119.6 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 63.50 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 853 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1173 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 11.733 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 2.02 mm

strut capacity 3X610X324X241.1

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 18816 2182 167 119 1195 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 14112 1909 126 37 896 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 14112 1909 126 37 896 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 19404 1909 126 37 1232 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 20998 1481 0 6999 494 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 16021 1210 0 5340 403 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 16021 1059 131 5340 353 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 21313 1395 0 7104 465 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 31878 kN 10626 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 7938 kNm 2646 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 18413 kNm 18413 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.659 0.187 0.000 0.845 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.503 0.152 0.000 0.655 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.503 0.133 0.007 0.643 OK! 0.845
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.669 0.176 0.000 0.844 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.19
Lacing slenderness, c = 30.23
CHECK: c <50 30.23
The strut slenderness, xx 43.49 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 42.33 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.155 The section Perry factor, = 0.149
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1069.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1129 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 790.3 N/mm The value of strength = 821.1 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 284.9 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 287.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 26320 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 26580 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 8773 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 8860 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.885

Section torsional index, x = 20.48
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.888
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.066
Section slenderness factor, = 0.953
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 33.68
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.021
Section Euler strength, pE = 1784 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1083 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 336.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 7735 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.798 0.200 0.000 0.998 OK!

strut capacity 3X610X324X241.1

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.609 0.164 0.000 0.772 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.609 0.143 0.001 0.753 OK! 0.998
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.810 0.189 0.000 0.998 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.790 0.191 0.000 0.981 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.603 0.156 0.000 0.759 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.603 0.137 0.006 0.746 OK! 0.982
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.802 0.180 0.000 0.982 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 3X610X324X241.1

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x341.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 2060 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 2820 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.664 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.85 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.78E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.795 + 0.203 + 0 = 0.998 OK!
0.789 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.976 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 43.9 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 43500.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 24.4 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.19E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.11E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.52E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.65E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 271.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.00 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 6.38E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.23E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 2.22E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 4.32E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.93E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 3.34E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.71E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.2 mm per lace section
= 87000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.671
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 46.41

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.793 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 12360.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 16920.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1712.2 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 6.8 kN/m
Mx1 = 112.7 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 49.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 66.10 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 817 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1118 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 9.820 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 1.71 mm

strut capacity 2X610X324X341

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 17304 2055 158 79 1144 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 12978 1798 118 25 858 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 12978 1798 118 25 858 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 17766 1798 118 25 1174 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 19359 1381 0 9679 690 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 14776 1152 0 7388 576 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 14776 1001 131 7388 501 66
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 19564 1318 0 9782 659 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 29145 kN 14573 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 7430 kNm 3715 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 11204 kNm 11204 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.664 0.186 0.000 0.850 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.507 0.155 0.000 0.662 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.507 0.135 0.012 0.653 OK! 0.850
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.671 0.177 0.000 0.849 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 19.76
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.62
CHECK: c <50 29.62
The strut slenderness, xx 42.47 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 41.47 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.148 The section Perry factor, = 0.143
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1121.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1177 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 811.5 N/mm The value of strength = 839.7 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 279.8 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 282.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 24343 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 24542 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 12171 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 12271 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.870

Section torsional index, x = 15.06
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.890
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.754
Section slenderness factor, = 0.923
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 31.77
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.005
Section Euler strength, pE = 2004 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1174 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 333.1 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 7388 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.795 0.203 0.000 0.998 OK!

strut capacity 2X610X324X341

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.607 0.169 0.000 0.776 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.607 0.147 0.001 0.755 OK! 0.998
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.804 0.194 0.000 0.997 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.789 0.187 0.000 0.976 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.602 0.156 0.000 0.758 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.602 0.135 0.011 0.748 OK! 0.976
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.797 0.178 0.000 0.975 OK! LC1 governs!

strut capacity 2X610X324X341

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x341.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 3090 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 4240 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.673 + 0.178 + 0 = 0.85 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 2.68E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.805 + 0.194 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.799 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.978 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 43.9 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 43500.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 24.4 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.19E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.11E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.52E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.65E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 271.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.00 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 9.57E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 8.78E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 3.33E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.95E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.90E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.53E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.71E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 820.3 mm per lace section
= 130500 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 1.009
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 36.24

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.793 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 18540.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 25440.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 2568.2 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 10.2 kN/m
Mx1 = 169.1 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 66.10 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 1225 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1682 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 14.730 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 1.71 mm

strut capacity 3X610X324X341

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 25956 3082 237 119 1716 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 19467 2697 178 37 1287 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 19467 2697 178 37 1287 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 26712 2697 178 37 1766 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 29038 2071 0 9679 690 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 22164 1652 0 7388 551 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 22164 1502 131 7388 501 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 29409 1980 0 9803 660 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 43718 kN 14573 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 11145 kNm 3715 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 25218 kNm 25218 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.664 0.186 0.000 0.850 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.507 0.148 0.000 0.655 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.507 0.135 0.005 0.647 OK! 0.850
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.673 0.178 0.000 0.850 OK! LC4 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.19
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.62
CHECK: c <50 29.62
The strut slenderness, xx 42.47 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 41.47 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.148 The section Perry factor, = 0.143
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1121.9 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1177 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 811.5 N/mm The value of strength = 839.7 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 279.8 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 282.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 36514 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 36813 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 12171 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 12271 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.870

Section torsional index, x = 15.06
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.890
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.754
Section slenderness factor, = 0.923
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 31.77
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.005
Section Euler strength, pE = 2004 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1174 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 333.1 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 11082 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.795 0.203 0.000 0.998 OK!

strut capacity 3X610X324X341

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.607 0.162 0.000 0.769 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.607 0.147 0.000 0.755 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.805 0.194 0.000 0.999 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.789 0.187 0.000 0.976 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.602 0.149 0.000 0.751 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.602 0.135 0.005 0.742 OK! 0.978
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.799 0.179 0.000 0.978 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 3X610X324X341

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x415.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 2520 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 3440 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.667 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.852 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 2.17E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.794 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.787 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.973 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 53.1 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 53000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 29.5 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.01E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.37E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.16E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.18E+07 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 275.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 8.01E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.72E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 2.74E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 5.28E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.36E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 4.06E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.75E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.4 mm per lace section
= 106000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.672
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 46.38

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.183 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 15120.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 20640.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 2086.1 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 8.3 kN/m
Mx1 = 137.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 49.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 67.90 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 1027 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1401 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 11.300 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 1.57 mm

strut capacity 2X610X324X415

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 21168 2503 192 79 1437 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 15876 2190 144 25 1078 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 15876 2190 144 25 1078 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 21672 2190 144 25 1472 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 23671 1709 0 11836 854 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 18066 1398 0 9033 699 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 18066 1247 131 9033 623 66
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 23862 1640 0 11931 820 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 35510 kN 17755 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 9192 kNm 4596 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 13613 kNm 13613 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.667 0.186 0.000 0.852 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.509 0.152 0.000 0.661 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.509 0.136 0.010 0.654 OK! 0.852
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.672 0.178 0.000 0.850 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 19.75
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.10
CHECK: c <50 29.10
The strut slenderness, xx 41.83 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 40.75 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.145 The section Perry factor, = 0.139
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1156.1 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1219 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 829.1 N/mm The value of strength = 861.3 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 281.3 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 283.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 29813 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 30076 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 14906 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 15038 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.860

Section torsional index, x = 12.79
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
The value of slenderness, /x = 3.186
Section slenderness factor, = 0.902
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 30.31
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.000
Section Euler strength, pE = 2202 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1269 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 335.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 9192 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.794 0.205 0.000 0.999 OK!

strut capacity 2X610X324X415

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.606 0.168 0.000 0.774 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.606 0.150 0.001 0.757 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.800 0.197 0.000 0.998 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.787 0.186 0.000 0.973 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.601 0.152 0.000 0.753 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.601 0.136 0.009 0.745 OK! 0.973
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.793 0.178 0.000 0.972 OK! LC1 governs!

strut capacity 2X610X324X415

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x415.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 3780 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 5170 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.667 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.852 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 3.26E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.794 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.795 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.974 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 53.1 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 53000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 29.5 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.01E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.37E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.16E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.18E+07 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 275.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 1.20E+10 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.07E+11 mm4 per lace section
= 4.12E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.09E+08 3
mm per lace section
= 3.54E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 9.16E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.75E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 820.5 mm per lace section
= 159000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 1.010
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 36.24

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.183 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 22680.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 31020.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 3129.1 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 12.5 kN/m
Mx1 = 205.8 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 67.90 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 1540 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 2106 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 16.950 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 1.57 mm

strut capacity 3X610X324X415

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 31752 3755 288 119 2156 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 23814 3286 216 37 1617 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 23814 3286 216 37 1617 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 32571 3286 216 37 2212 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 35507 2563 0 11836 854 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 27100 2021 0 9033 674 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 27100 1870 131 9033 623 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 35857 2465 0 11952 822 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 53265 kN 17755 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 13789 kNm 4596 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 30671 kNm 30671 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.667 0.186 0.000 0.852 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.509 0.147 0.000 0.655 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.509 0.136 0.004 0.649 OK! 0.852
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.673 0.179 0.000 0.852 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.19
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.10
CHECK: c <50 29.10
The strut slenderness, xx 41.83 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 40.75 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.145 The section Perry factor, = 0.139
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1156.1 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1219 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 829.1 N/mm The value of strength = 861.3 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 281.3 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 283.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 44719 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 45114 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 14906 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 15038 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.860

Section torsional index, x = 12.79
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
The value of slenderness, /x = 3.186
Section slenderness factor, = 0.902
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 30.31
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.000
Section Euler strength, pE = 2202 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1269 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 335.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 13789 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.794 0.205 0.000 0.999 OK!

strut capacity 3X610X324X415

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.606 0.162 0.000 0.768 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.606 0.150 0.000 0.756 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.802 0.198 0.000 0.999 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.787 0.186 0.000 0.973 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.601 0.147 0.000 0.747 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.601 0.136 0.004 0.740 OK! 0.974
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.795 0.179 0.000 0.974 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 3X610X324X415

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY :
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x455.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 4130 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 11.50 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 5650 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 10.00 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 6.000 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 0.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.673 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.853 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 3.56E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.8 + 0.199 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.793 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.972 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 689.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 340.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 57.9 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 57900.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 32.0 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 455.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.45E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.81E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.51E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.50E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.29E+07 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.24E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 277.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 81.10 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 1.34E+10 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.17E+11 mm4 per lace section
= 4.54E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.19E+08 3
mm per lace section
= 3.88E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.00E+08 3
mm per lace section
= 2.77E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 820.5 mm per lace section
= 173700 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 1.010
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 36.24

Proposed section actual b/T = 2.936 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 16.88 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 24780.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 33900.0 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 3418.4 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 13.7 kN/m
Mx1 = 225.7 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 74.4 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 68.90 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 1707 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 2336 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 18.150 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 1.51 mm

strut capacity 3X610X324X455

Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 12 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 143.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 125.0 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 34692 4102 316 119 2390 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 26019 3589 237 37 1793 0 151 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 26019 3589 237 37 1793 0 0 131
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 35595 3589 237 37 2452 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 38794 2825 0 12931 942 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 29608 2218 0 9869 739 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 29608 2067 131 9869 689 44
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 39184 2727 0 13061 909 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 58190 kN 19397 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 15196 kNm 5065 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 33484 kNm 33484 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.667 0.186 0.000 0.853 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.509 0.146 0.000 0.655 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.509 0.136 0.004 0.649 OK! 0.853
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.673 0.179 0.000 0.853 OK! LC4 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 12.19
Lacing slenderness, c = 28.85
CHECK: c <50 28.85
The strut slenderness, xx 41.47 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 40.39 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.143 The section Perry factor, = 0.137
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 1176.3 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1240 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 839.6 N/mm The value of strength = 872.2 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 282.1 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 284.5 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 48998 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 49423 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 16333 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 16474 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.855

Section torsional index, x = 11.90
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
The value of slenderness, /x = 3.395
Section slenderness factor, = 0.892
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 29.63
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.000
Section Euler strength, pE = 2305 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1320 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 335.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 15196 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.792 0.207 0.000 0.998 OK!

strut capacity 3X610X324X455

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.604 0.162 0.000 0.767 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.604 0.151 0.000 0.756 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.800 0.199 0.000 0.999 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.785 0.186 0.000 0.971 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.599 0.146 0.000 0.745 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.599 0.136 0.004 0.739 OK! 0.972
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.793 0.179 0.000 0.972 OK! LC4 governs!

strut capacity 3X610X324X455

Typical Strutting Calculation
Diagonal Strut
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x305x179.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1140 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 14.70 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 1600 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 14.70 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 3.500 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 45.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.571 + 0.222 + 0 = 0.792 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 9.35E+06 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.787 + 0.211 + 0 = 0.997 OK!
0.709 + 0.235 + 0 = 0.944 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 620.2 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 307.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.0 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 23.6 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 22800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.1 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 179.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 1.53E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.14E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 5.55E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.14E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 4.94E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.43E+05 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 259.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 70.70 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 3.06E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.16E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 1.11E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.26E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 9.87E+06 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.78E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.59E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 505.0 mm per lace section
= 45600 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.588
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 49.21

Proposed section actual b/T = 6.506 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 38.30 Web is Semi-compact.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 3 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 5642.7 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 7919.6 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 897.4 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 3.6 kN/m
Mx1 = 96.7 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 81.0 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 62.02 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 350 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 491 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 6.580 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 6.38 mm

DS capacity 2X610X305X179
Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 15 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 183.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 183.8 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 7900 1077 135 130 490 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 5925 942 102 41 367 0 193 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 5925 942 102 41 367 0 0 193
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 8316 942 102 41 516 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 8977 755 0 4488 377 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 6867 702 0 3434 351 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 6867 510 193 3434 255 96
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 9258 658 0 4629 329 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 15732 kN 7866 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 3404 kNm 1703 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 6138 kNm 6138 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.571 0.222 0.000 0.792 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.437 0.206 0.000 0.643 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.437 0.150 0.031 0.618 OK! 0.792
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.588 0.193 0.000 0.782 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 29.11
Lacing slenderness, c = 33.10
CHECK: c <50 33.10
The strut slenderness, xx 56.75 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 46.34 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.228 The section Perry factor, = 0.171
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 628.3 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 942 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 558.2 N/mm The value of strength = 724.1 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 250.2 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 277.8 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 11411 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 12667 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 5705 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 6334 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.889

Section torsional index, x = 26.28
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.886
The value of slenderness, /x = 1.763
Section slenderness factor, = 0.965
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 37.35
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.047
Section Euler strength, pE = 1451 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 932 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 325.3 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 3210 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.787 0.211 0.000 0.997 OK!

DS capacity 2X610X305X179
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.602 0.196 0.000 0.798 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.602 0.142 0.003 0.747 OK! 0.997
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.811 0.184 0.000 0.995 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.709 0.235 0.000 0.944 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.542 0.219 0.000 0.761 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.542 0.159 0.028 0.729 OK! 0.944
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.731 0.205 0.000 0.936 OK! LC1 governs!

DS capacity 2X610X305X179
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x241.1kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 1580 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 14.70 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 2200 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 14.70 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 3.500 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 45.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.584 + 0.19 + 0 = 0.774 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.26E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.795 + 0.204 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.7 + 0.195 + 0 = 0.895 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 12.7 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 31.0 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 30800.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 17.9 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.15E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 7.67E+06 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.73E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.78E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 4.31E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.58E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 1.53E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.07E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.36E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.37E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.64E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.0 mm per lace section
= 61600 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.598
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.928 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 48.79

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.308 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 7820.6 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 10889.4 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1212.3 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 4.8 kN/m
Mx1 = 130.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 81.0 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 63.50 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 497 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 691 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 7.822 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 5.39 mm

DS capacity 2X610X324X241
Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 15 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 183.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 183.8 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 10949 1455 182 130 695 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 8212 1273 137 41 521 0 193 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 8212 1273 137 41 521 0 0 193
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 11434 1273 137 41 726 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 12404 1007 0 6202 504 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 9485 892 0 4742 446 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 9485 699 193 4742 349 96
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 12707 903 0 6353 452 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 21252 kN 10626 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 5292 kNm 2646 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 8186 kNm 8186 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.584 0.190 0.000 0.774 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.446 0.168 0.000 0.615 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.446 0.132 0.024 0.602 OK! 0.774
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.598 0.171 0.000 0.769 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 29.05
Lacing slenderness, c = 30.23
CHECK: c <50 30.23
The strut slenderness, xx 55.59 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 42.33 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
The section Perry factor, = 0.221 The section Perry factor, = 0.149
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 654.8 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1129 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 572.4 N/mm The value of strength = 821.1 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 253.4 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 287.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 15611 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 17720 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 7806 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 8860 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.885

Section torsional index, x = 20.48
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.888
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.066
Section slenderness factor, = 0.953
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 33.68
The limiting slenderness, LO = 30.63
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.021
Section Euler strength, pE = 1784 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1083 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 336.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 5157 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.795 0.204 0.000 0.999 OK!

DS capacity 2X610X324X241
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.608 0.181 0.000 0.789 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.608 0.142 0.002 0.751 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.814 0.183 0.000 0.997 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.700 0.195 0.000 0.895 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.535 0.173 0.000 0.708 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.535 0.135 0.021 0.692 OK! 0.895
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.717 0.175 0.000 0.892 OK! LC1 governs!

DS capacity 2X610X324X241
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x341.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 2200 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 14.70 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 3050 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 14.70 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 3.500 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 45.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.594 + 0.188 + 0 = 0.781 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 1.78E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.793 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.998 OK!
0.705 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.894 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 43.9 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 43500.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 24.4 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.19E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.11E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.52E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.65E+06 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 271.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.00 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 6.38E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.23E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 2.22E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 4.32E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 1.93E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 3.34E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.71E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.2 mm per lace section
= 87000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.606
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 49.17

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.793 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 10889.4 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 15096.7 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 1712.2 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 6.8 kN/m
Mx1 = 184.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 81.0 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 66.10 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 720 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 998 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 9.820 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 4.57 mm

DS capacity 2X610X324X341
Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 15 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 183.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 183.8 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 15245 2055 258 130 1008 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 11434 1798 193 41 756 0 193 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 11434 1798 193 41 756 0 0 193
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 15852 1798 193 41 1048 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 17300 1395 0 8650 698 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 13232 1183 0 6616 591 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 13232 990 193 6616 495 96
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 17649 1282 0 8825 641 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 29145 kN 14573 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 7430 kNm 3715 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 11204 kNm 11204 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.594 0.188 0.000 0.781 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.454 0.159 0.000 0.613 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.454 0.133 0.017 0.604 OK! 0.781
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.606 0.173 0.000 0.778 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 29.04
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.62
CHECK: c <50 29.62
The strut slenderness, xx 54.28 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 41.47 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.213 The section Perry factor, = 0.143
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 686.6 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1177 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 584.0 N/mm The value of strength = 839.7 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 250.8 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 282.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 21820 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 24542 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 10910 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 12271 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.870

Section torsional index, x = 15.06
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.890
The value of slenderness, /x = 2.754
Section slenderness factor, = 0.923
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 31.77
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.005
Section Euler strength, pE = 2004 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1174 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 333.1 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 7388 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.793 0.205 0.000 0.998 OK!

DS capacity 2X610X324X341
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.606 0.174 0.000 0.780 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.606 0.145 0.002 0.753 OK! 0.998
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.809 0.188 0.000 0.997 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.705 0.189 0.000 0.894 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.539 0.160 0.000 0.699 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.539 0.134 0.015 0.689 OK! 0.894
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.719 0.173 0.000 0.893 OK! LC1 governs!

DS capacity 2X610X324X341
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x415.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 2700 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 14.70 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 3740 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 14.70 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 3.500 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 45.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 2 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.597 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.784 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 2.17E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.807 + 0.192 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.719 + 0.174 + 0 = 0.893 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 53.1 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 53000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 29.5 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.01E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.37E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.16E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.18E+07 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 275.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 8.01E+09 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.72E+10 mm4 per lace section
= 2.74E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 5.28E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.36E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 4.06E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.75E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 506.4 mm per lace section
= 106000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.609
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 49.02

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.183 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 13364.3 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 18512.1 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 2086.1 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 8.3 kN/m
Mx1 = 224.2 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 81.0 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 67.90 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 907 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1257 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 11.300 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 4.18 mm

DS capacity 2X610X324X415
Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 15 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 183.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 183.8 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 18710 2503 314 130 1270 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 14033 2190 235 41 953 0 193 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 14033 2190 235 41 953 0 0 193
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 19438 2190 235 41 1320 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 21213 1714 0 10607 857 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 16223 1422 0 8111 711 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 16223 1229 193 8111 614 96
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 21628 1596 0 10814 798 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 35510 kN 17755 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 9192 kNm 4596 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 13613 kNm 13613 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.597 0.186 0.000 0.784 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.457 0.155 0.000 0.612 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.457 0.134 0.014 0.605 OK! 0.784
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.609 0.174 0.000 0.783 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 29.03
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.10
CHECK: c <50 29.10
The strut slenderness, xx 53.48 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 40.75 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.209 The section Perry factor, = 0.139
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 707.5 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1219 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 595.1 N/mm The value of strength = 861.3 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 252.9 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 283.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 26807 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 30076 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 13403 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 15038 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.860

Section torsional index, x = 12.79
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
The value of slenderness, /x = 3.186
Section slenderness factor, = 0.902
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 30.31
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.000
Section Euler strength, pE = 2202 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1269 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 335.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 9192 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.791 0.206 0.000 0.997 OK!

DS capacity 2X610X324X415
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.605 0.171 0.000 0.776 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.605 0.148 0.001 0.754 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.807 0.192 0.000 0.999 OK! LC4 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.705 0.186 0.000 0.892 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.539 0.155 0.000 0.694 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.539 0.134 0.013 0.686 OK! 0.893
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.719 0.174 0.000 0.893 OK! LC4 governs!

DS capacity 2X610X324X415
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD
DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY DATE : 30-07-2012

Assumptions made : Soil Load

Direction
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
Strut Force
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane. Direction
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction. , incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system. of strut
L1
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Steel S275
Proposed laced strut section = 610x324x415.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal) = 4060 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 14.70 metres
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy) = 5610 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lyy = 14.70 metres
Proposed strutting interval, Ls = 3.500 metres Distance between laced section = 1000 mm
The incidence angle of strut, = 45.000 Degrees Lacing Pitch, L1 = 2340 mm
Number of struts per laced section = 3 per compound lace section

SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship
0.599 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.785 OK! Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA = 3.26E+07 kN
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.793 + 0.206 + 0 = 0.999 OK!
0.707 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.894 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm per strut Section root radius, r = 16.5 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm per strut Depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 53.1 mm per strut Proposed sectional area, Ag = 53000.0 mm2 per strut
Section web thickness, t = 29.5 mm per strut Proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m per strut

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.01E+09 mm4 per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4 per strut
3 3
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.37E+07 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.16E+06 mm per strut
3 3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.18E+07 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm per strut
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 275.0 mm per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.40 mm per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
Section radius of gyration, rxx
Proposed sectional area, Ag
= 1.20E+10 mm4 per lace section Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.07E+11 mm4 per lace section
= 4.12E+07 mm3 per lace section Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.09E+08 3
mm per lace section
= 3.54E+07 mm3 per lace section Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 9.16E+07 3
mm per lace section
= 2.75E+02 mm per lace section Section radius of gyration, ryy = 820.5 mm per lace section
= 159000 mm2 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.914
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.060 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 38.46

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.183 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2 Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load 3.1.2 Temperature Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal) = 20096.0 kN Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy) = 27768.1 kN Degree of restraint against wall = 0.800
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius
Temperature Load, FT = 3129.1 kN
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx
3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut = 12.5 kN/m
Mx1 = 336.3 kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2
Imposed load onto section, w = 1.5 kN/m
Mx2 = 121.6 kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1 = 67.90 mm
Mx3a (Normal) = 1365 kNm Mx3a (Redundancy) = 1885 kNm

3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s = 16.950 kN/m per lace section
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI = 4.18 mm

DS capacity 3X610X324X415
Allowable deflection based on L/1000 = 15 mm 2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Normal) = 0 kNm Mx4 (Redundancy) = 0 kNm

3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5

Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x = 50.00 kN
Mx5 = 183.8 kNm

3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y

3.3.1 Bending due to accidental load, M x6
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y = 50.00 kN
Mx6 = 183.8 kNm

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 1.40 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.00
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 1.05
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.50 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS) Excavation Temperature Mx1 Mx2 Mx3 Mx4 Mx5 My1
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 28134 3755 471 194 1910 0 0 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 21101 3286 353 61 1433 0 193 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 21101 3286 353 61 1433 0 0 193
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 29156 3286 353 61 1980 0 0 0

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound: Axial Mx My Single: Axial Mx My
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions 31889 2576 0 10630 859 0
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) 24386 2040 0 8129 680 0
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) 24386 1847 193 8129 616 64
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure) 32442 2394 0 10814 798 0

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

LACED SINGLE
Compression resistance, Pc = 53265 kN 17755 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 13789 kNm 4596 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 30671 kNm 30671 kNm

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc Mx/Mcx My/Mcy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.599 0.187 0.000 0.785 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.458 0.148 0.000 0.606 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.458 0.134 0.006 0.598 OK! 0.785
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.609 0.174 0.000 0.783 OK! LC1 governs!

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement
The strut slenderness, yy = 17.92
Lacing slenderness, c = 29.10
CHECK: c <50 29.10
The strut slenderness, xx 53.48 Design Strut Slenderness, yy = 40.75 *(max( yy, 1.4 c)
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
The section Perry factor, = 0.209 The section Perry factor, = 0.139
2 2
Section Euler strength, pE = 707.5 N/mm Section Euler strength, pE = 1219 N/mm
2 2
The value of strength = 595.1 N/mm The value of strength = 861.3 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 252.9 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 283.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced) = 40210 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced) = 45114 kN
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single) = 13403 kN Compression resistance, Pcy (Single) = 15038 kN

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

0.5
The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 0.860

Section torsional index, x = 12.79
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
The value of slenderness, /x = 3.186
Section slenderness factor, = 0.902
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y = 30.31
The limiting slenderness, LO = 31.09
The Robertson constant, LT = 7.00
Section Perry coefficient, LT = 0.000
Section Euler strength, pE = 2202 N/mm2
The value of strength LT = 1269 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Section bending strength, pb = 335.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mx = 0.950
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 13789 kNm The moment coefficient, my = 0.900

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc/Pc mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.793 0.206 0.000 0.999 OK!

DS capacity 3X610X324X415
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.606 0.163 0.000 0.770 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.606 0.148 0.001 0.755 OK! 0.999
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.807 0.192 0.000 0.999 OK! LC1 governs!

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc/Pcy mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions = 0.707 0.187 0.000 0.894 OK!
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction) = 0.541 0.148 0.000 0.688 OK!
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction) = 0.541 0.134 0.006 0.680 OK! 0.894
LC3 : 1-strut Failure = 0.719 0.174 0.000 0.893 OK! LC1 governs!

DS capacity 3X610X324X415
Typical Strutting Calculation
Waler
Waler Capacity Table

Straight Waler

Proposed Waler Sizes Proposed Waler Arrangement 2 No. Waler

No. Section Weight Normal, Redundancy,
Nominal Size Lxx (m) Lyy (m)
No (kg/m) (kN/m) (kN/m)
1 W18 406 X 260 X 148.8 2 3 1620 2160
2 W18 400 X 400 X 172.0 2 3 1390 1860
3 W18 610 X 305 X 179.0 2 3 2300 3070
4 W18 610 X 324 X 241.1 2 3 3050 4070
5 W18 610 X 324 X 341.0 2 3 4210 5610

Diagonal Waler

Proposed Waler Sizes Proposed Waler Arrangement 2 No. Waler

No. Section Weight Normal, Redundancy,
Nominal Size Lxx (m) Lyy (m)
No (kg/m) (kN/m) (kN/m)
1 W18 406 X 260 X 148.8 2.5 3 1250 1670
2 W18 400 X 400 X 172.0 2.5 3 1110 1490
3 W18 610 X 305 X 179.0 2.5 3 1820 2430
4 W18 610 X 324 X 241.1 2.5 3 2440 3250
5 W18 610 X 324 X 341.0 2.5 3 3360 4490
6 W18 610 X 324 X 415.0 2.5 3 4180 5570

1. Forces shown are at 0.99 capacity

2. Forces are in increment of 10s
Typical Strutting Calculation
Waler (Straight Strut)
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 406x260x148.8kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 406x260x148.8kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 1620.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 2160.0 kN/m The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 1134.0 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.000 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Tributary width from splay load = 2.000 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.348 + 0.609 + 0.041 = 0.998 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 431.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 10.20 mm
Proposed section width, B = 264.8 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 360.6 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 25.00 mm = 18917 mm
Section web thickness, t = 14.90 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 148.8 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.15E+08 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 7.75E+07 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.23E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.98E+05 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 2.85E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.85E+05 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 180.3 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 63.99 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.306

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.174
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 54.69
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 61.20
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 79.5

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.30 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.20 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 567.0 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1247.4 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 2268 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 6422 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1329.3 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.769 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 6.92E+05 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 930.3 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 6526 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 930.3 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 242.2 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.348 0.609 0.041
= 0.998 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 10.00 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.874 mm OK!
Waler 2x406x260x148.8
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 400x400x172.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 400x400x172.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 1390.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1860.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 976.5 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.000 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Tributary width from splay load = 2.000 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.264 + 0.484 + 0.022 = 0.769 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 400.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 22.00 mm
Proposed section width, B = 400.0 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 314.0 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 21.00 mm = 21454 mm
Section web thickness, t = 13.00 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 172.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.54E+08 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.24E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.60E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.70E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 3.27E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 174.5 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 102.20 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.347

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.132
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 53.04
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 58.74
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 84.8

Proposed section actual b/T = 9.52 Flange is Semi-compact. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.15 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 488.3 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1074.2 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 1953 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 5200 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1076.4 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.992 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 5.20E+05 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = - kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = 1008.9 kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 7402 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1008.9 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 463.8 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.264 0.484 0.022
= 0.769 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 10.00 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.518 mm OK!
Waler 2x400x400x172
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x305x179.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x305x179.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 2300.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 3070.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 1611.8 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.000 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Tributary width from splay load = 2.000 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.414 + 0.552 + 0.033 = 0.998 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 620.2 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 16.50 mm
Proposed section width, B = 307.1 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 540.0 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 23.60 mm = 22574 mm
Section web thickness, t = 14.10 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 179.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 1.51E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.14E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 5.48E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.14E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 4.87E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.43E+05 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 258.8 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 71.08 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.307

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.207
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 54.66
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 61.14
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 75.8

Proposed section actual b/T = 6.51 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 38.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 805.9 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1772.9 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 3224 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 8745 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1810.2 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.919 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 1.36E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 1461.0 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 7788 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1461.0 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 307.5 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.414 0.552 0.033
= 0.998 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 10.00 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.084 mm OK!
Waler 2x610x305x179
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x324x241.1kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x324x241.1kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 3050.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 4070.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 2136.8 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.000 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Tributary width from splay load = 2.000 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.404 + 0.531 + 0.022 = 0.956 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 12.70 mm
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 31.00 mm = 30661 mm
Section web thickness, t = 17.90 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.14E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 7.63E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.72E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.75E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.4 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.56 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.316

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.202
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 54.28
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 60.57
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 76.3

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.31 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 1068.4 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 2350.4 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 4274 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 11367 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 2352.9 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.996 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 1.80E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 2012.9 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 10578 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2012.9 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 464.0 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.404 0.531 0.022
= 0.956 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 10.00 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.013 mm OK!
Waler 2x610x324x241.1
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x324x341.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x324x341.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 4210.0 (Governing load) The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 5610.0 kN/m The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 2947.0 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.000 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Tributary width from splay load = 2.000 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.407 + 0.526 + 0.015 = 0.948 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 16.50 mm
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 43.90 mm = 43223 mm
Section web thickness, t = 24.40 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.17E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.10E+07 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.52E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.59E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 270.9 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.16 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.334

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.204
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 54.35
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 60.38
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 77.3

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.79 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 1473.5 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 3241.7 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 5894 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 16128 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 3241.8 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 1.000 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 2.67E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 2800.8 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 14480 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2800.8 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 654.0 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.407 0.526 0.015
= 0.948 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 10.00 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 0.944 mm OK!
Waler 2x610x324x341
Typical Strutting Calculation
Waler (Diagonal Strut)
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 406x260x148.8kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 406x260x148.8kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 1250.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1670.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 876.8 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.235 + 0.717 + 0.041 = 0.993 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 431.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 10.20 mm
Proposed section width, B = 264.8 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 360.6 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 25.00 mm = 18917 mm
Section web thickness, t = 14.90 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 148.8 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.15E+08 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 7.75E+07 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.23E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.98E+05 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 2.85E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.85E+05 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 180.3 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 63.99 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.236

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.134
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 57.76
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 65.90
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 84.4

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.30 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.20 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 685.0 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1205.5 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 1534 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 6422 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1329.3 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.662 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 6.92E+05 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 955.7 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 6526 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 955.7 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 242.2 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.235 0.717 0.041
= 0.993 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 3.537 mm OK!
DWaler 2x406x260x148.8
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 400x400x172.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 400x400x172.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 1110.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1490.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 782.3 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.185 + 0.606 + 0.022 = 0.813 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 400.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 22.00 mm
Proposed section width, B = 400.0 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 314.0 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 21.00 mm = 21454 mm
Section web thickness, t = 13.00 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 172.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.54E+08 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.24E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.60E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.70E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 3.27E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 174.5 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 102.20 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.278

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.106
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 55.90
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 63.02
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 88.4

Proposed section actual b/T = 9.52 Flange is Semi-compact. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.15 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 611.1 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1075.6 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 1369 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 5200 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1076.4 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.997 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 5.20E+05 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = - kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = 1008.2 kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 7402 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1008.2 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 463.8 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.185 0.606 0.022
= 0.813 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 2.969 mm OK!
DWaler 2x400x400x172
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x305x179.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x305x179.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 1820.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 2430.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 1275.8 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.287 + 0.674 + 0.033 = 0.993 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 620.2 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 16.50 mm
Proposed section width, B = 307.1 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 540.0 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 23.60 mm = 22574 mm
Section web thickness, t = 14.10 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 179.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 1.51E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.14E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 5.48E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.14E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 4.87E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 7.43E+05 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 258.8 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 71.08 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.243

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.164
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 57.47
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 65.44
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 80.7

Proposed section actual b/T = 6.51 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 38.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 996.7 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 1754.2 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 2233 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 8745 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1810.2 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.880 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 1.36E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 1479.4 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 7788 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1479.4 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 307.5 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.287 0.674 0.033
= 0.993 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 2.094 mm OK!
DWaler 2x610x305x179
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x324x241.1kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x324x241.1kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 2440.0 (Governing load) The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 3250.0 kN/m The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 1708.0 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.283 + 0.662 + 0.022 = 0.966 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 12.70 mm
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 31.00 mm = 30661 mm
Section web thickness, t = 17.90 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.14E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 7.63E+06 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.72E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.75E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.4 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.56 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.253

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.893 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.161
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 57.02
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 64.75
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 81.0

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.31 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 1334.4 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 2348.5 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 2989 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 11367 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 2352.9 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.993 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 1.80E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 2014.9 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 10578 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2014.9 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 464.0 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.283 0.662 0.022
= 0.966 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.977 mm OK!
DWaler 2x610x324x241.1
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x324x341.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x324x341.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 3360.0 The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 4490.0 kN/m (Governing load) The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 2357.3 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.285 + 0.657 + 0.015 = 0.958 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 16.50 mm
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 43.90 mm = 43223 mm
Section web thickness, t = 24.40 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.17E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.10E+07 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.52E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.59E+06 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 270.9 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.16 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.267

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.163
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 57.21
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 64.70
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 82.0

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.79 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 1841.6 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 3241.2 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 4125 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 16128 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 3241.8 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.999 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 2.67E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 2801.3 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 14480 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2801.3 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 654.0 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.285 0.657 0.015
= 0.958 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.844 mm OK!
DWaler 2x610x324x341
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE) DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 610x324x415.0kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY (With axial force from splay) DATE : 30-07-12

Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.

Proposed waler section = 610x324x415.0kg/m Steel S275 Number of waling beam, N = Double Walers
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic) = 4180.0 (Governing load) The load factor (Base case), = 1.400
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 5570.0 kN/m The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
Ultimate design waling load, Pu = 2926.0 kN/m

Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.500 metres The effective length factor, xx = 1.000
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 3.000 metres The effective length factor, yy = 1.000
Maximum diagonal spacing = 1.750 metres

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive relationship

0.29 + 0.665 + 0.012 = 0.967 OK!

1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm Proposed section root radius, r = 16.50 mm
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm The depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm
The proposed sectional area, Ag 2
Section flange thickness, T = 53.10 mm = 52793 mm
Section web thickness, t = 29.50 mm The proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m

Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.99E+09 mm4 Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4
Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 1.37E+07 mm3 Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.16E+06 mm3
Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.17E+07 mm3 Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm3
Section radius of gyration, rxx = 274.8 mm Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.60 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2

3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.274

0.5
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] = 0.906 r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.165
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 56.88
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 64.20
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 81.7

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.18 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength. (Clause 3.6.5)
2
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx = 2285.9 kNm Moment due to waling load, My = 10.00 kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F = 4023.3 kN
Axial force onto waling beam, P = 5121 kN (Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)

5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av = 20031 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 4026.1 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = 0.997 High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
Plastic modulus of shear area = 3.40E+06 mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = 3438.0 kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = - kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 17686 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 3438.0 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 815.8 kNm

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / P c + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.290 0.665 0.012
= 0.967 OK!

7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection, = 12.50 mm
Waling beam deflection, = 1.821 mm OK!
DWaler 2x610x324x415
Typical Strutting Calculation
Splay
Splay Capacity Table

Proposed Splay Sizes Proposed Splay arrangement

Normal, Redundancy,
No. Section Weight Lxx Lyy Spacing Angle
Nominal Size (kN/m) (kN/m)
No (kg/m) (m) (m) (m) (deg.)
1 W18 406 X 260 X 148.8 2.83 2.83 6 45 250 360
2 W18 400 X 400 X 172.0 2.83 2.83 6 45 380 510
3 W18 610 X 324 X 241.0 2.83 2.83 6 45 520 700
4 W18 610 X 324 X 341.0 2.83 2.83 6 45 750 1000
5 W18 610 X 324 X 415.0 2.83 2.83 6 45 940 1240
6 W18 610 X 324 X 455.0 2.83 2.83 6 45 1000 1360

Notes:
1. Forces shown are at 0.99 capacity
2. Forces are in increment of 10s
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 406x260x148.8kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 250.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 360.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.514 + 0.166 + 0.184 = 0.864 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.626 + 0.188 + 0.184 = 0.998 OK!
0.626 + 0.186 + 0.184 = 0.996 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 431.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.15E+08 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 264.8 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 7.75E+07 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 25.00 mm per strut = 3.23E+06 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 14.90 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 2.85E+06 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 10.20 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 8.77E+05 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 360.6 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 5.85E+05 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 18917 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 180.3 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 148.8 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 63.99 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.514
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 52.83

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.30 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.20 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 2970 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 2546 167.5
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 3207 146.6 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 3354 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 1.988 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 2.087 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.013 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 43.10 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 43.11 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 144.60 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 2.886 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 184.6 kNm
Splay 406x260x148.8
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 6526 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1113.8 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 201.9 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.514 0.166 0.184
= 0.864 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 15.70 The strut slenderness, yy = 44.22
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
Section Euler strength, pE = 8213 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 1035 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.002 The section Perry factor, = 0.159
2 2
The value of strength = 4287 N/mm The value of strength = 772 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 344.2 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 283.0 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 6512 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 5354 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.887
Section slenderness factor, = 0.931
Section bending strength, pb = 308.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 995.0 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.626 0.188 0.184
= 0.998 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.626 0.186 0.184
= 0.996 OK!

Splay 406x260x148.8
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 400x400x172.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 380.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 510.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.636 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.935 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.686 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.985 OK!
0.686 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.985 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 400.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 6.54E+08 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 400.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.24E+08 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 21.00 mm per strut = 3.60E+06 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 13.00 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 3.27E+06 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 22.00 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.68E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 314.0 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 21454 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 174.5 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 172.0 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 102.20 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.636
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 47.14

Proposed section actual b/T = 9.52 Flange is Semi-compact. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.15 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 4514 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 3869 190.0
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 4544 166.2 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 4710 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 2.220 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 2.331 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.014 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 40.00 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 40.01 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 188.47 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 3.212 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 228.8 kNm
Splay 400x400x172
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 7402 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1127.5 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 386.5 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.636 0.203 0.096
= 0.935 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 16.21 The strut slenderness, yy = 27.69
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
Section Euler strength, pE = 7697 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 2638 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.005 The section Perry factor, = 0.068
2 2
The value of strength = 4040 N/mm The value of strength = 1582 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 343.2 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 320.2 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 7364 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 6869 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.850
Section slenderness factor, = 0.975
Section bending strength, pb = 345.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 1127.5 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.686 0.203 0.096
= 0.985 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.686 0.203 0.096
= 0.985 OK!

Splay 400x400x172
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 610x324x241.1kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 520.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 700.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.612 + 0.172 + 0.096 = 0.88 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.701 + 0.194 + 0.096 = 0.991 OK!
0.701 + 0.18 + 0.096 = 0.977 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 635.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 2.14E+09 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 329.1 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 1.84E+08 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 31.00 mm per strut = 7.63E+06 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 17.90 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 6.75E+06 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 12.70 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.68E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 547.6 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 30661 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 264.4 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 241.1 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 77.56 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.893
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.612
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 35.71
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 35.71
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 48.17

Proposed section actual b/T = 5.31 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 30.59 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 6177 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 5295 271.5
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 6237 237.6 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 6474 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 2.911 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 3.057 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.006 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 63.50 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 63.51 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 411.15 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 4.180 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 452.5 kNm
Splay 610x324x241
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 10578 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 2632.8 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 386.7 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.612 0.172 0.096
= 0.880 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 10.70 The strut slenderness, yy = 36.49
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.32
Section Euler strength, pE = 17659 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 1520 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.000 The section Perry factor, = 0.116
2 2
The value of strength = 9002 N/mm The value of strength = 1021 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 345.0 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 301.2 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 10578 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 9236 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.888
Section slenderness factor, = 0.964
Section bending strength, pb = 329.0 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 2510.5 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.701 0.194 0.096
= 0.991 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.701 0.180 0.096
= 0.977 OK!

Splay 610x324x241
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 610x324x341.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 750.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1000.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.638 + 0.177 + 0.068 = 0.884 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.726 + 0.203 + 0.068 = 0.997 OK!
0.726 + 0.184 + 0.068 = 0.978 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 661.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.17E+09 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 333.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.71E+08 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 43.90 mm per strut = 1.10E+07 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 24.40 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 9.59E+06 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 16.50 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 2.43E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.63E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 43223 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 270.9 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 341.0 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 79.16 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.638
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 47.75

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.79 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 22.14 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 8910 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 7637 382.8
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 8910 334.9 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 9244 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 3.910 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 4.106 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.005 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 66.10 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 66.11 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 611.11 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 5.580 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 653.8 kNm
Splay 610x324x341
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 14480 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 3693.5 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 545.0 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.638 0.177 0.068
= 0.884 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 10.45 The strut slenderness, yy = 35.75
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
Section Euler strength, pE = 18534 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 1583 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.000 The section Perry factor, = 0.111
2 2
The value of strength = 9435 N/mm The value of strength = 1047 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 335.0 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 294.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 14480 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 12740 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.890
Section slenderness factor, = 0.940
Section bending strength, pb = 322.7 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 3558.0 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.726 0.203 0.068
= 0.997 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.726 0.184 0.068
= 0.978 OK!

Splay 610x324x341
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 610x324x415.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 940.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1240.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.648 + 0.18 + 0.055 = 0.882 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.733 + 0.209 + 0.055 = 0.996 OK!
0.733 + 0.186 + 0.055 = 0.973 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 679.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 3.99E+09 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 338.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.43E+08 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 53.10 mm per strut = 1.37E+07 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 29.50 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.17E+07 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 16.50 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.03E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 539.8 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.03E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 52793 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 274.8 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 415.0 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 80.60 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.648
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 47.36

Proposed section actual b/T = 3.18 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 18.30 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 11167 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 9571 467.5
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 11048 409.1 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 11457 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 4.650 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 4.883 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.005 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 67.90 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 67.90 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 777.98 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 6.617 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 821.7 kNm
Splay 610x324x415
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 17686 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 4573.8 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 679.8 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.648 0.180 0.055
= 0.882 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 10.30 The strut slenderness, yy = 35.11
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
Section Euler strength, pE = 19074 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 1641 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.000 The section Perry factor, = 0.108
2 2
The value of strength = 9704 N/mm The value of strength = 1076 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 335.0 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 296.1 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 17686 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 15633 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
Section slenderness factor, = 0.923
Section bending strength, pb = 324.5 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 4429.8 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.733 0.209 0.055
= 0.996 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.733 0.186 0.055
= 0.973 OK!

Splay 610x324x415
AECOM PTE LTD
DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : CWT
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 250x250x66.5kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY REVISION : - DATE : 30-07-12

Steel S275
Proposed knee strut section = 610x324x455.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic) = 1000.0 kN/m Proposed effective length, Lxx = 2.830 metres
Design (SLS) load (Exception) = 1360.0 kN/m (Governing load) Proposed effective length, Lyy = 2.830 metres
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls = 6.000 metres The incidence angle of strut, = 45.00 Degrees

Interactive Relationship : Local Interactive Relationship

0.65 + 0.18 + 0.049 = 0.88 OK!

Overall Interactive Relationship

0.734 + 0.211 + 0.049 = 0.994 OK!
0.734 + 0.186 + 0.049 = 0.969 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D = 689.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Ixx = 4.43E+09 mm4 per strut
Proposed section width, B = 340.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 3.81E+08 mm4 per strut
Section plastic modulus, Sxx 3
Section flange thickness, T = 57.90 mm per strut = 1.51E+07 mm per strut
Section web thickness, t = 32.00 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zxx = 1.29E+07 mm3 per strut
Section root radius, r = 16.50 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 3.35E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 540.2 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 2.24E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag = 57714 mm2 per strut Section radius of gyration, rxx = 277.2 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 455.0 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 81.23 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 335.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.906
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.650
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.154 Plastic = 36.24
Compact = 9.06 Compact = 36.24
Semi-compact = 13.59 Semi-compact = 47.28

Proposed section actual b/T = 2.94 Flange is Plastic. Proposed section actual d/t = 16.88 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 335.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
Thermal coeff. of expansion, = 1.20E-05 per Degree Celsius
Degree of restraint against wall = 0.300
Variation in strut temperature, T = 10.00 Degree Celsius

The load factor (Basic), = 1.400

The load factor (Exception), = 1.050
The load factor (temp), = 1.200

Load Combinations Strut Load Thermal L.

(3 Load Cases) (kN) (kN)
LC1 : 1.4xSL = 11879 0.000
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL = 10182 511.1
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL = 12117 447.2 Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult = 12564 kN

A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Imposed load onto section = 0.500 kN/m Assumed accidental load, Pa = 50.00 kN
Service load onto section, Pv,s = 5.050 kN/m per section Moment from accidental load,My = 37.14 kNm
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u = 5.303 kN/m per section
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI = 0.005 mm
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 = 68.90 mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2 = 68.90 mm
Moment due to eccentricity, M1 = 865.73 kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2 = 7.178 kNm
Moment from accident load, M3 = 37.14 kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 = 910.1 kNm
Splay 610x324x455
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION
A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
Compression resistance, Pc = 19334 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 5042.5 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 750.5 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.650 0.180 0.049
= 0.880 OK!

B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx = 10.21 The strut slenderness, yy = 34.84
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54 The limiting slenderness, LO = 15.54
Section Euler strength, pE = 19407 N/mm2 Section Euler strength, pE = 1667 N/mm2
The section Perry factor, = 0.000 The section Perry factor, = 0.106
2 2
The value of strength = 9871 N/mm The value of strength = 1089 N/mm
Compressive strength, pcx = 335.0 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 296.7 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 19334 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 17124 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u ( w) 0.5 where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where w = Zx/Sx
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx

The value of parameter w = 1.000

Section buckling parameter, u = 0.889
Section slenderness factor, = 0.915
Section bending strength, pb = 325.2 N/mm2 The moment coefficient, mLT = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 4894.9 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = F c / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.734 0.211 0.049
= 0.994 OK!

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.734 0.186 0.049
= 0.969 OK!

Splay 610x324x455
Typical Strutting Calculation
Runner Beam
Summary On Runner Force for Merdeka Station
Length of strut
Angle of strut Total Strut weight Total Vertical
Strut Level No. of Single Strut Spacing Plaxis Strut Strut Force considered for 2.5% Vertical
Strut Layer Strut Size inclination, + 1.5 kN/m*Lx Load on runner,
(mRL) Strut Weight (kg/m) (m) Force (kN/m) (kN) load on runner Restraint (kN)
(deg) strut (kN) kN
(m)

S1 45.2 2X610X305x179kg/m 2 178 6 556.0 0 3340 12 84 79 162

S2 39.3 2X610X324X415kg/m 2 415 6 1387.0 0 8325 12 208 136 344
S3 33.3 3X610X324X415kg/m 3 415 6 2572.0 0 15435 12 386 203 589
S4 27.5 3X610X324X455kg/m 3 455 6 2871.0 0 17230 12 431 218 649
S5 22.5 3X610X324X415.0kg/m 3 415 6 2134.0 0 12805 12 320 203 524
S6 19 2X610X324X415kg/m 2 415 6 1404.0 0 8425 12 211 136 346
 Total Runner
Single Max. SF Max. BM
No. of Weight + 1.5 Intermediate Axial Load to
Lx of Ly of Runner Total Load to 2.5% Lateral No. of struts to to Single to Single
Proposed Runner Size Runner kN/m lateral restraint Single Runner
Runner (m) Runner (m) Weight King Post (kN) Restraint (kN) Strong Bay Runner Runner
Beam construction load reduction factor Beam (kN)
(kg/m) (kN) (kNm)
(kN/m)
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 213.74 84 3 0.73 91
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 395.25 208 3 0.73 228
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 640.80 386 3 0.73 423
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 700.07 431 3 0.73 472 337.16 350.04
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 575.05 320 3 0.73 351
2xUC400x400x172 8 8 2 172 6.44 397.75 211 3 0.73 231

Max (SLS) 472 337 350

Max (ULS) 661 472 490
input into RB spreadsheet
Assumed runner beam is simply supported at both ends at king post (safe assumption)

P1 P2

Strut layer considered 4

Number of runner 2
Strut Load on single runner, P1 324.3 kN Max. Design SF 337.155 kN
Strut Load on single runner, P2 324.3 Kn Max. Design BM 350.035 kNm
Nearest distance to KP, X 1 m
Length of Runner Beam, L 8
S/W + 1.5kN/m of single runner 3.22 kN/m

Reaction R1 337.155 kN
Reaction R2 337.155 kN

SF Profile

333.935
337.155
9.7
-9.7

4m -333.9

-337.155

BM Profile

335.545 335.545

350.035

Calculation for Max. BM if the above SF & BM profiles are not true
Max. SF 337.155 kN
Max. BM 350.035 kNm
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD
DESIGN OF STEEL MEMBER WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000 Version 3.0 updated on 31-12-2006

TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (BLUE LINE) - MERDEKA STATION DESIGNED BY : ASMS
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 400x400x172.0kg/m of Steel S355 (Grade 50B) CHECKED BY : LKW
SECTION REF. : SECTION T3-T3 SS3 RUNNER BEAM DATE : 18/07/2012

Steel S275
Proposed runner beam section = 400x400x172.0kg/m
Steel S355

SUMMARY OF INPUTS

Ultimate (ULS) design load, Pult = 661.0 kN Interactive Relationship :

Ultimate (ULS) shear load, Fs = 472.0 kN Local Interactive Relationship
Induced beam moment (ULS) = 490.0 kNm 0.089 + 0.452 + 0 = 0.541 OK!
Proposed effective length, Lxx = 8.000 metres
Proposed effective length, Lyy = 8.000 metres Overall Interactive Relationship
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw = 0.469 0.162 + 0.452 + 0 = 0.614 OK!
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw = 0.089 0.162 + 0.596 + 0 = 0.758 OK!

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED RUNNER BEAM SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx 4
Proposed section depth, D = 400.0 mm per strut = 6.54E+08 mm per strut
Proposed section width, B = 400.0 mm per strut Section moment of inertia, Iyy = 2.24E+08 mm4 per strut
Section flange thickness, T = 21.00 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Sxx = 3.60E+06 mm3 per strut
Section elastic modulus, Zxx 3
Section web thickness, t = 13.00 mm per strut = 3.27E+06 mm per strut
Section root radius, r = 22.00 mm per strut Section plastic modulus, Syy = 1.68E+06 mm3 per strut
Depth between the fillets, d = 314.0 mm per strut Section elastic modulus, Zyy = 1.12E+06 mm3 per strut
Proposed sectional area, Ag 2 Section radius of gyration, rxx
= 21454 mm per strut = 174.5 mm
Proposed section mass, Ms = 172.0 kg/m per strut Section radius of gyration, ryy = 102.20 mm

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y = 345.0 N/mm2 Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel = 205.0 kN/mm2
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 = 0.893

Outstand element of compression flange, b/T Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic = 8.035 Plastic = 48.61
Compact = 8.93 Compact = 52.39
Semi-compact = 13.39 Semi-compact = 90.9

Proposed section actual b/T = 9.524 Flange is Semi-compact. Proposed section actual d/t = 24.15 Web is Plastic.
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section web reduced strength, y' = 345.0 N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD
Moment due to self-weight, M1 = 19.26 kNm Assumed accidental load, Pa = 0.000 kN
Bending moment in x-x axis, Mx = 509.3 kNm Moment from accidental load,My = 0.000 kNm

4. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK

(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed beam shear area, Av = 5200 mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc = 1076.4 kN
Modulus reduction factor, = - Low shear load, no reduction in moment capacity.
Plastic modulus of shear area = - mm3

(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

Moment capacity Mc = ySv = - kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ = 1127.5 kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ = - kNm, for slender section

5) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2

Compression resistance, Pc = 7402 kN
Section moment capacity, Mcx = 1127.5 kNm
Section moment capacity, Mcy = 386.5 kNm

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

= Fc / Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy
= 0.089 0.452 0.000
= 0.541 OK!

6) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The beam slenderness, xx = 45.83 The beam slenderness, yy = 78.28
The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c) The Robertson constant, = 5.500 Curve (c)
Compressive strength, pcx = 279.1 N/mm2 Compressive strength, pcy = 190.0 N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx = 5987 kN Compression resistance, Pcy = 4076 kN

II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The value of parameter w = 1.000
Section buckling parameter, u = 0.850
Section slenderness factor, = 0.858
Section bending strength, pb 2 The moment coefficient, mLT
= 261.4 N/mm = 1.000
Buckling resistance moment,Mb = 854.2 kNm The moment coefficient, mx = 1.000
The moment coefficient, my = 1.000

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
For Major axis In-plane Buckling = Fc / Pc + mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
= 0.162 0.452 0.000
= 0.614 OK!
The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling = Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
= 0.162 0.596 0.000
= 0.758 OK!

RB Design T3-T3