Technical Training Manual

Urban Water supply and Sanitation Service Improvement Program
Technical Training Manual for UWSS systems
~1~
Technical training manual for UWSS System
1. General
1.1 Introduction
This manual contains technical issues related to the improvement of operation and
maintenance management of water supply schemes which are adjusted to be
compatible to the scope and components of the concerned water supply system
The major contents of this manual are extracted from standard Technical manuals of
Urban and Semi-Urban Water Supply system widely practiced in the country and
other documents.
The purpose of UWSS technical training manual is to provide guidance for
 Utility technical personnel

 Town Water Board
 Community representatives
It gives concepts and procedures that apply to the operation and maintenance of
UWSS
Every UWSS shall improve the knowledge base of the technical personnel and
formally verify that the user has conceived the major part of the technical issues
through formal and informal training.
1.2 Objectives of the training
The technical personnel shall identify and exhibit that the training is required so as to
attain one or more benefits of the following:
 To update knowledge on operation and maintenance management issues

 To remedy deficiencies in skills or knowledge required to perform assigned
tasks with competence.
 To inform new employees of the utility’s rules and regulations and code of
conduct.
 To instruct maintenance personnel of modifications in the operation and
maintenance management program.
 To inform senior management of the capabilities of the maintenance section
to provide information via the maintenance management system.
 To provide employees with new knowledge to qualify them for promotions.
~2~
Technical training is very important and shall be provided on sustainable basis as per the
need based on the above reasons. Hence, the technical personnel are advised to request
training when they feel to exhibit any of the above reasons.
The whole effort of operation and maintenance management improvement program is to
make water supply systems sustainable, a global term which has to be clearly understood by
the staffs of water supply systems.
A town water supply service is sustainable when:
 It functions and is being used

 It is able to deliver an appropriate level of benefits (quality, quantity, convenience,
comfort, continuity, affordability, efficiency, reliability, equity, health)
 It continuous over a prolonged period of time (which goes beyond the life-cycle of the
equipment)
 Its management is institutionalized (community management, gender perspective,
partnership with local authorities, involvement of formal/informal private sector)
 Its operation, maintenance and administrative and replacement costs are covered at
local level
 It can be operated and maintained at local level with limited external support like
technical assistance, training and monitoring.
 It does not affect the environment negatively
Hence, in order to make a system sustainable, at least requires the consideration and
the achievement of the above issues, which is a long process.
This technical manual provides definitions, procedures and overall activities involved in
the operation and maintenance of water supply system parts and equipment.
2. Operation and Maintenance of UWSS
2.1 Description of operation and maintenance
Operation is a series of actions by operators to make equipment and systems parts do the
work they are intended to do.
The process of operation includes:
 operating generator set,

 water pumps opening valves
 cleaning all areas
 inspecting electrical, electronic equipment, including motors, controllers
 taking records and
 Requesting maintenance services beyond the Utility water service capacity.
~3~
Operation is normally carried out as per the rules and procedures (manual) specifically
prepared for specific water supply system or equipment.
In general operation is a series of actions by operators on water supply elements to make
them accomplish their function.
Hence, every operator first must know the capacity ranges and function of each element in
the water supply system and operation procedures with minor maintenance works, within
their capacity.
Maintenance - a series of activities intended to ensure that the equipment, systems, and
facilities are able to perform as intended or to provide an environment conducive to
effective work.
Two types of maintenance tasks are identified to be carried out by maintenance teams.
1. Preventive maintenance (PM)

2. Repair (RP)
Preventive maintenance (PM) performed on a regular schedule to keep equipment or

structures operating effectively and to minimize unforeseen failures. These actions consist of
inspections and or maintenance tasks.
Repair (RP) actions are taken to either repair or restore malfunctioning equipment or
structures to effective operating conditions through either scheduled or unscheduled work.
These actions may result from problems discovered during preventive maintenance or as a
result of failures during operation.
These terms should be understood by the technical personnel and be used as a means of
communication while reporting or requesting maintenance service.
2.1.1 Layout of the System
The operation and maintenance of a water supply system starts from understanding the
general layout of the components which physically make up a system. The general layout of
the scheme is normally prepared and submitted to the Utility at the completion of
construction of the water supply system as as-built drawings.
If such layout does not exist, schematic layout that can show the whole system can be
prepared by the Utility. System layout should be affixed at a visible position in the room of
technical personnel which helps the operation of technical personnel by:
 Providing general concept on the feature of the system components and their relative
location on one paper
 For discussion among technical personnel and informal training
 To indicate the pipe material, size, location and connection details
 To assist the quick decision of technical personnel for providing service or solve
distribution problems by zoning or by shift in case of water supply deficit.
 Provides a base for comparing and planning the area of service with the development
trend and size of the town.
~4~
 Retirement or promotion of technical personnel will have minimum effect on the

operation and maintenance of the water supply system.
The layout can be sketched on existing administrative maps or schematically on A1 size

(594x841 mm) paper with information including
 Name of water system
 Scale (if scaled)
 North direction
 Boundaries of the municipality or area to be served
 Date
 Location and size of existing pipes
 Location of existing structures and notes
A layout can be made to scale or schematic depending on the technical capability of the
technical personnel of the UWSS or the availability of as-built drawings.
2.1.2 Source
2.1.2.1 Description of Source

Two types of sources are available in our specific towns’ water supply systems. The source
of all of the UWSS identified in our towns is ground water through boreholes or by spring
capping. Ground water is water that is stored underground in porous layers called aquifers.
the water can be obtained from wells or springs.
Ground water is generally preferred, because usually it is lower in bacterial count, is cleaner,
cooler and more uniform. The lower bacterial count and the greater clarity are due to the
filtering action of the soil and sand through which the groundwater flows.
The source as its name indicates should not be depleted or polluted which requires wider
knowledge and environmental issues, which should be managed by the water Bureau.
However, the Utility is responsible to know and follow-up that all of the O & M tasks
required are accomplished by the responsible body.
Operation and Maintenance requirements for elements at the source
(Source and electromechanical equipments at source)
Pumping and Driving equipment

Pumping equipment consists of pumps, driving units, power sources (fuel, electricity, wind,
solar, hand, etc.) and accessories. Pumps are required in a water supply system:
a) When water must be raised from one level to another
b) When the pressure in the main must be increased
c) When the elevation of the source is such that water will not flow by gravity in to the
main.
The type and size of the pump selected, depends on
 Capacity
~5~
 head and
 Type of the power available
Pumps, which are commonly used in the surface water supply are mostly of the
centrifugal type, single or multiple-stage. In boreholes, submersible or line shaft
turbines are used. For small capacities and limited power on site, helical rotary or
piston type pumping equipment may be used.
Operation and Maintenance Procedures
Pumping equipment
Pumping equipment consists of two parts:
1. the pump and
2. driving unit
Pumps are further classified into surface water pumps and ground water pumps.
Surface water pumps mainly consist of:

1. Horizontal centrifugal pumps
2. Vertical centrifugal pumps
3. Vertical submersible motor pumps
For deep wells the pumps are normally placed below dynamic water level. Depending on
the type of pump, deep well pumps are either driven by a submerged electric motor fixed
rigidly beneath the pump (submersible pump) or by a power force at the surface, which is
transmitted through a drive shaft (driven shaft pumps).
The most common ground water pumps are:
1. Shaft driven helical rotor pumps

2. Line shaft deep well pumps
3. Submersible motor pumps
Driving equipment for pumps is usually one of the following:

(i) Diesel engine (air or water cooled)
(ii) Diesel alternator (air or water cooled)
(iii) Electrical motors
The operation and maintenance aspects of this pumping equipment are discussed below.
Operation and Maintenance Common to All Pumps
Operation and maintenance of all types of mechanized pumps normally includes the
following daily routine inspections:
~6~
 Check driving equipment for correct rotational speed and direction.

 Keep the equipment and the immediate area clean.
 Check bearing temperatures and lubrication.
 Note readings of suction and discharge pressure gauges, if pump is so equipped, and
determine causes for any unusual changes in pressure.
 Be sure all valves are open, or properly set and screen (suction side) is not clogged.
 Examine packing.
 Observe rate of flow if pump output is metered and investigate cause of any unusual
changes.
 Check readings of instruments and meters on pump motor and determine cause for
any changes in their values.
 Record equipment operation hours and fuel and oil consumption (diesel engines) on
the equipment utilization card
 Add oil and fuel as required
 Watch for unusual noise or vibration. If uncertain of the cause, shut the pump down
and investigate.
 Before starting the pump, ensure that there is sufficient water at the different water
sources.
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for low and high service to lift and transport water.
The two essential parts of a centrifugal pump are rotating membrane with vanes and the
impeller and surrounding case.
The impeller driven at a high speed throws water into a volute which channels it through
the nozzle to the discharge piping. This action depends partly on centrifugal force; hence,
the particular name given to the pump.
Several other variations in design involve casing and impeller modifications to provide a
wide range of pumps with special operating features, including:
(i) Side-inlet centrifugal pump
(ii) Single-suction close-coupled centrifugal pump
(iii) Double-suction volute centrifugal pump
(iv) Multi-stage centrifugal pump.
Maintenance
 Check water seal glands for leakage. Allow slight leakage of seal water when pumps
are running to keep packing cool and in good condition.
~7~
 If leakage is excessive, tighten gland nuts evenly a few turns. Do not draw glands too
tight. After adjusting packing glands, check to see that shaft turns freely by hand. If
serious leakage continues, qualified professionals should renew packing shaft or
shaft sleeves.
 Inspect and lubricate bearings. Refill or change to the correct oil as specified by
Manufacturer.
 Before greasing or oil change, flush bearing house with clean kerosene and apply
clean grease or oil. Never lubricate bearings with used grease or oil. Oil changes and
bearing replacement have to be carried out by qualified professionals.
 Check V-belt drive and see that sheaves are in perfect alignment. Never replace one
V-belt on a multiple drive. Check for proper tension and multiple drives, check for
proper tension and make correct adjustment by professional personnel.
 Check alignment of pump and motor. If misalignment of pump and motor recurs
frequently, inspect entire piping system (supports, flanges, wall crossing, and flexible
couplings) and make correct adjustment, if needed.
Vertical Centrifugal Pumps (Surface Water)

All the definitions used above for horizontal centrifugal pumps are relevant to pumps
operating vertically. The pump is driven by a vertical shaft, which is usually coupled, to a
driving unit above floor level.
Pumps commonly used in such installations are:
 Vertical opened-shaft pump
The suction pipe is usually connected to a wet well (wet pit) structure, which means that
the location of the pump is almost lower than wet well, water level and suction pressure is
positive.
Maintenance
 Check water seal glands.
 Inspect start and stop control.
 Inspect and lubricate pump bearings.
 Check for v- belt drive.
 Check for alignment of pump and pipe connection.
 Lubricate thrust bearing located above floor level by oil or grease as per
manufacturer's specifications.
 CAUTION - If bearings overheat, DO NOT add grease. Too much lubricant, not too
little, may be the cause. If lubrication is correct, check carefully for other possible
~8~
causes.
 Lubricate guide bearings (ball or slide bearings).
Submersible Motor Pumps (Surface Water)

 Submersible motor pumps are centrifugal pumps, which aspirate directly from their
surroundings without a suction pipe.
 They are driven by submersible motors, which can be submerged in the fluid,
pumping intermittently or continuously.
 For surface water, single stage pumps are mostly used. The motor is rigidly coupled
above the pump.
 The motor may be filled with clean water or oil for cooling the winding and for
lubricating the bearings, which are sealed off from the pump.
Maintenance
 Check from time to time the electrical insulation resistance, which should not be less
than 1 mega ohms. If the insulation resistance is less, the pump must be pulled out
for inspection.
 Check condition of power cable.
 Inspect operating condition of start and stop control; check that units start when float
valve switch makes contact and switch off at low water level in the wet well or when
the discharge shut off condition arises.
 Check that the water level control system is functioning properly.
 Check motor overload protection, operating current and voltage rates. If motor is
overloaded, check ampere-meter readings; pull pump out for inspection.
DRIVING EQUIPMENT
Diesel/Gasoline Engines/Alternators
 Diesel and gasoline engines are used as source of power for operating and
reciprocating rotary and centrifugal pumps.
 Diesel engines are reliable and economical but their speeds are too low for direct
connection to centrifugal pumps.
 Gasoline engines can be used for direct connection to centrifugal pumps operating at
a moderate heads, but need a reducing gear to low pumping heads. They are
generally not considered as economical for duty.
Maintenance
A) Before starting, make the following checks:
~9~
 Check for tampering and damage

 Check fuel, oil, water and top up as
required
 Check accessories such as fuel pump, carburettor, generator, regulator, starter,
fan belt and
 Water pump for loose connections or
mountings.
 Check for fuel, oil, water leaks. Trace all leaks to their source and inform the
maintenance supervisor.
B) Start motor, make the following checks:
 Observe starting current and voltage
 Observe running current and voltage. If it is overloaded, stop and check.
C) During operation, make the following check.
 Check bearings for over heating.
 Check vibration and excessive hum.
 Check stator heat;
 If it is abnormal, stop motor.
 If smoke or smell is noticed, stop motor, disconnect power supply and search for
source.
D) After operation, make the following checks:
 Check for any irregularities noticed during operation.
 Check fuses (condition and whether hot). ,
 Check cable and switchboard.
.
e) Check cable and wire connections and tighten them up properly from time to time.
f) Check motor bearings, and add grease as specified by the manufacturer.
g) Check excessive sparking at commutator or brushes.
h) Check earthing connections and resistance.
i) Check motor insulation from time to time.
j) Check the charred insulation or solder whiskers extending from the armature.
PM (preventive maintenance) PROGRAMS AND SCHEDULES

 The maintenance program is made up of a collection of individual maintenance
actions.
 Each major unit in a water facility has a specific maintenance program designed for
that particular unit.
 This program will range from routine daily inspections and tasks, to others done
weekly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually. The columns at the right of
~ 10 ~
\
each page of the PM checklist, show the frequency of the maintenance items, i.e. D =
Daily, W = Weekly, M = Monthly, Q = Quarterly,
S = Semi-annually, and A = Annually.
PM Checklist
The following PM checklists are based on the information obtained from the existing
manufacturer's operation and maintenance manuals. It provides instructions for
inspecting, cleaning, lubricating and adjusting equipment used in different water
supply systems.
~ 11 ~
Table: 2.1 PM check lists
~ 12 ~
PM Check Lists D W M Q S A
a) General Inspection for all Pumps
Keep pump room, pumping equipment and *
surrounding area clean and in good
condition.
Check driving equipment for correct direction *
and speed
Check bearing temperature *
Check oil level and add if required *
Watch for unusual noise or vibration *
Examine packing *
Check discharge, pressure and power *
consumption record.
b) Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps *
Check bearing temperature and lubrication *
Check alignment of pump and driver *
Check water seal glands *
Check v – belts *
Inspect, start, stop and control system *
Record, start and stop times *
c) Vertical Centrifugal Pump
Inspect, start, stop and control system *
Check for alignment of pump and pump *

connections
Inspect the lubricate pump bearing *
Check water seal glands, V-belt and upper *

thrust bearings
d) Vertical submersible motor pump
Check and clean motor starter and all

switches
Record rate of flow and discharge pressure *
~ 13 ~
Check insulation resistance of motor and *
cable
Check water level control system *
2.3 Transmission Pipe
2.3.1 Description of Transmission Pipe

Transmission pipe is a pipe line which conveys water from the source to a
reservoir. In other words transmission line is a connection between the
source and the reservoir.
Transmission pipe lines are named as

 pressure line if transmission is by pumping or
 Gravity line if transmission is attained by gravity.
Transmission pipe lines are addressed as one component of the water supply
system in the UWSS manual as the importance of the transmission pipe is like
a neck of the system.
A break or flow block on the transmission pipe will completely cease the
water supply system. Hence, the transmission line is very important
component which requires clearly defined operation and maintenance
procedure.
Transmission line may be of cast iron, steel, asbestos cement, concrete or
Upvc pipe.
2.3.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of Transmission

pipe
Operation of transmission lines:

For proper operation of distribution:
 There should be accurate sketch showing the pipe diameter, approximate
length, material of construction, date of installation, location and size of
major valves should be prepared, updated and kept.
 The following records should be kept daily
 Volume of water delivered through mains
 Volume of water entered to reservoirs or Reservoir levels
 Volume passed to distribution mains
 Conditions of main valves , for detail refer the table below
 Pressure gauge at pumping stations
 It should be inspected periodically for unusual conditions, such as leaks,
exposed sections, closed valves, and anchor blocks. Position of valves and
their functions should be checked regularly.
Maintenance of transmission lines:

 Joint leaks and Cracks should be maintained timely
 Regular flashing should be done for accumulation of rust, organic materials etc.
 Vents and wash out valves should be replaced if they are damaged
 Mains may need to be emptied before cleaning or repair
~ 14 ~
For detail see the elements of transmission main, operation and maintenance in
the following tables.
Table :2.2 Elements of the transmission pipe

Name of element Function
A tube or cylindrical channel through which water
Pipe
is conveyed either by pumping or by gravity
A device that tells us the pressure caused by
Pressure gauge
flowing water in the pipe (in bar, m or kg/cm2)
Registers the water being transmitted located at
Bulk water meter
the well outlet.
Prevents backflow of water in the pipe to protect
Check valve
pump hammering and loss of energy water raised.
It is a valve situated at low points in the
transmission pipe to allow washout of sediments
Flush valve
or emptying the transmission pipe for
maintenance
A special valve which relief the transmission pipe
Air valve from compressed air and protects from blocking
the flow
It is a structure to support a pipe crossing a gully
River or gully crossing
or streams, above ground
Anchor blocks are concrete or masonry blocks
situated at the joints of pipe to support and
Anchor Blocks anchor the pipe to the ground from external load
or distribute loads from internal pressure at bends
and joints
~ 15 ~
Table: 2.3 Operation and maintenance requirements for elements of Transmission pipe
Task Description Frequency Responsible Unit or Team
Inspect joints and fittings of transmission Local

1 month Utility
pipe operator/technician
Inspect pipelines and flush by valves at low Local
1 Year Utility
point operator/technician
Record readings of water meter and pressure
gauge and notice if readings are unusual or Local
1 Day Utility
operator/technician
faulty
Overhaul bulk water meter RWRB/
5 Years Regional mechanics
ZWRO
Inspect and clean valve chamber from
debris. Open valve and flush after repair or
Local
inspect if valve is operational by closing and 1 Year Utility
operator/technician
opening. Valves should always be operated
slowly to prevent water hammer.
~ 16 ~
Open check valve and check condition of

facing on swing check valve equipped with
leather or rubber seats on disk. If metal seat
ring is scarred, smooth with a fine file and Local
1 Year Utility
emery cloth. A, check pin wear on balanced operator/technician
disk valve since disk must be accurately
positioned in the seat to prevent leakage.
(for swing type check valves)
Dismantle air valve from transmission line
check float for leakage. Check linkage and
pins for corrosion. Clean orifices. Check
Local
valve vault or manhole. Note condition of 1 Year Utility
operator/technician
concrete or masonry and make the
necessary repairs. Ensure that surface water
and dirt cannot enter vault or manhole.
Inspect river or gully crossing structure for
erosion or settlement and maintain after Local
3 months Utility
operator/technician
heavy rain or every three months
Inspect anchor blocks for erosion or
Local
settlement and maintain after heavy rain or 3 months Utility
every three months operator/technician
2.4 Reservoir
2.4.1 Description of Reservoir

Reservoir is a concrete or masonry or steel structure storing water during low
demand and supplying during high demands. Reservoir can be underground, ground
level or elevated as necessitated by the topography, pressure requirement and
economic factors. Most of the UWSS in the towns have ground level masonry
reservoir, whose capacity varies from 25 m3. The storage capacity depends on factors
such as system pressure, peak demand and fire protection requirements.
2.4.2 Operation
 Reservoir water level should be read every 1 to 2 hours and recorded, to secure
function of the reservoir.
 Daily water delivery and its hourly changes should be recorded by self recording
flow meters or main line meter.
 Water level in the reservoir should not fall below the limit in which air and
deposited substance will be absorbed in to the effluent pipe.
 Valves, water level meter, flow meter and gauges should be checked regularly to
ensure their proper operation.
 Reservoir should be emptied, cleaned, repaired and disinfected regularly
intervals.
~ 17 ~
 Leakage in the reservoir should be checked regularly. To investigate the leakage,

fill the reservoir to fill and close influent and effluent valves. Then check for any
change in the water level. A fall in the water level indicates leakage. If leakage is
located, immediate repair should be made.
2.4.3 Maintenance
a) Concrete/Masonry Reservoirs
 Drain and clean reservoirs by draining the stored water in to the distribution
system, until about 10cm remains. Use this water to clean and scrub tank floors
and walls. Remove all water, sediments and loose materials.
 Check for cracks and repair
 Check manhole cover (sufficiently tight fittings)
 Check interior pipe for corrosion; clean and repaint
 Disinfect tank after thoroughly rinsing the interior of the reservoir by adding a
chlorine solution of 2 mg/litre when the tank is full. Keep the chlorinated water in
the tank for 24 hours before putting the storage reservoir back in to service. The
disinfected water is suitable for domestic consumption.
b) Steel Tanks
 Check general conditions for loose scale, leaking seams and rivets; repaint if
necessary.
 Inspect ladder, roof, structure forms, base stand tower foundation.
 Inspect condition of paint work-empty tank, examine interior paint. If heavy corrosion
exists, arrange for withdrawing the tank from service to permit repainting. Carry out
proper cleaning and repainting by suitable paint for drinking water. After painting,
carry out the disinfection for steel tank as of concrete reservoir mentioned above.
For Detail see the elements of reservoir, operation and maintenance in the following
tables.
Table:2.4.1 Elements of the Reservoir

Concrete or masonry or To store water without significant leak or loss
steel container
Inlet pipe Conveys water from the transmission to the reservoir
Shuts of when the water in the reservoir reaches full
level by floating action
The outlet valve and water meters are installed at

Outlet valve and water the outlet pipe so as to be used as means of flow
meter control and registering water distributed respectively
Overflow pipe An open pipe situated at the full level of the
reservoir to discharge water safely
~ 18 ~
Drain pipe and valve Drain pipe is situated at the bottom level of the
reservoir so as to empty the reservoir for inspection
and cleaning
Accessories (internal & These accessories can be used during inspection,
external ladders and man cleaning and repair
hole cover)
Level indicator Indicates the level or amount of water in the
reservoir
Vent pipe Provides air ventilation
Table: 2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of reservoir

record readings of water and

notice if readings are unusual
or faulty Check vent pipe is in
1 Day Utility Local operator/technician
good condition and man hole
cover is not manipulated by
unauthorized intruder
Check outlet, float and drain
valves and leaks on external
1 month Utility Local operator/technician
walls. Check water overflowing
is not eroding the area.
Check and clean structure
1 Year Utility Local operator/technician
disinfect with chlorine

~ 19 ~

record readings of water and 1 Day Utility Local
notice if readings are unusual or operator/technician
faulty Check vent pipe is in good
condition and man hole cover is
not manipulated by unauthorized
intruder
Check outlet, float and drain valves 1 month Utility Local
and leaks on external walls. Check operator/technician
water overflowing is not eroding
the area.
Check and clean structure disinfect 1 Year Utility Local
with chlorine operator/technician
~ 20 ~
2.5 Distribution System
2.5.1 Description of distribution system
 A distribution system is a network of pipelines of various sizes with the necessary

valves, public taps, storage and booster pumps (if available) that carries water
from where it is stored to user points.
 The normal water demand in a Community varies considerably during the day and
from season to season of the year. The methodology to be used for operation
and maintenance in distribution is the same as that of transmission mains.
Table : 2.5.1 Elements of the distribution system
Pipe line (Galvanized iron, DCI Pressurized Tubes near customers to supply
or PVC) customers by connection
Valves in the distribution system to isolate
Isolating valve pipes for controlling flows and isolation
during repair.
Valves in the distribution system to flush
Flush valves pipes after repair or as required located at
low points
To release air in the distribution system not
Air release valve
to block flows or offend customers.
Hydrants For providing water for fire protection
Public taps Supply point for a number of people
Water supply connection points for
Private connections
customers
Water meters Registers consumption or distribution
Valve chambers Protection house for valves and easy access
Table:2.5.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of distribution system

Clean public tap, that drains
1 day Utility Water seller
are not clogged
Record water meter reading
at every interval of water
supply at the public tap and
1 day Utility Water seller
make sure that the water
meter is functioning
properly.
Inspect fittings of pipe
network if there is visible 1 month Utility Local operator/technician
leak
Check piping installations at
1 month Utility Water seller
the public tap, inspect fence
~ 21 ~
Table:2.5.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of distribution system

Record water meter
readings and check if the
water meter is functioning 1 month Utility Water meter reader
properly, for every
connection
Inspect pipelines and flush
1 Year Utility Local operator/technician
network
Inspect house connections,
valves and water meters are 1 year Utility Local operator/technician
functioning appropriately
Inspect isolating valves, air
valves and flush valves and
that they are functional or
replace corroded bolts and 1 Year Utility Local operator/technician
repair leaks. Inspect
chambers and clean debris
from chamber
Replace water meter for
public tap and send to
5 Years Utility Local operator/technician
RWSH for maintenance and
calibration
Replace water meter for
house connection and send
to RWRB/ZWRO for 5 years Utility Local operator/technician
maintenance and
calibration
Measure and quantify the
pipes and fittings required
occasionally Utility Local operator/technician
for connection requests or
extension
3. Record keeping
One of the main tasks of operators is record keeping of the parts and equipments
register of devices of the water supply system always. Control of operation and
maintenance activity is defined as obtaining conformity with the Utility plans and
policies.
Operation and maintenance control is dependant on performance reports/records. The

information required for these reports must be generated by the operation and
maintenance personnel.
Record keeping is very important task of the operator which helps:
 to get information for superior level of management

 to recognize which percentage of the system capacity is reached
~ 22 ~
 to get design parameters for future projects and extensions

 to determine performance parameters
 to calculate specific consumption
 to assess system efficiency
 to detect cheating
 to estimate operation costs
 to determine unaccounted for water (technical and administrative water losses)
Although recording is performed along with the routine tasks of the operator, it is
described in this section to introduce and specify the type of forms which can facilitate
recording data on operation and maintenance.
Table: 3.1 Record keeping forms

No. Recorded data
Water production/distribution and consumption of
1
water
Engine working hours and fuel/energy/electricity
2
consumption record
3 Work request
4 Monthly summary of water consumption
5 Monthly water production/distribution report
6 Monthly fuel/electric energy report
7 Monthly performance report of UWSS
8 Maintenance logbook
9 Annual performance report of UWSS
10 Cost Report on operation and Maintenance
4. Reporting and performance Evaluation
4.1 Reporting
Reporting is an indispensable part of all management functions and provides the
key input to performance evaluation.
Technical personnel of the UWSS shall understand the value of the records and
keep the forms filled in their routine operation activity and make the reporting
process realized.
The Utility is required to know the importance of reporting and make sure that all
forms generated in the operation and maintenance activities are complete and
filled as per the following tables, for the use of different management level,
when the need arises.
~ 23 ~
Table: 4.1 Regular Reports Required

No. Type of Report Source Utility
1. Daily/occasionally Scheme operator daily Water service
Technical Operation Daily fills out forms and office or WC on
Technical Maintenance Report keeps in a water proof maintenance
binder submits by the only
end of the month
2. Monthly/occasionally Utility, WC or
Operation and performance Woreda office
Utility
Report as required
(Maintenance Report)
3. Annually TWS, O & M
Performance Report Dept.
Utility
Maintenance Report
4.2 Performance Evaluation

Effective evaluation of the status of operation and maintenance depends primarily on
the ability to measure current performance. This can be achieved using indicators and
targets for the performance of different functions.
Evaluation is made through performance indicators defined as variables whose purpose

is to measure change in a process or function.
In one way, performances indicators are used to monitor the progress of the process; in
another way, indicators are used to evaluate the outcome of the system.
Evaluation requires the situation to be assessed both at the beginning and at the end of
a certain activity.
Indicators may be quantitative or qualitative in nature.
.
The UWSS is the origin for determining the performance of the scheme parts and
components as can be practiced and realized through monthly performance report,
which is self explanatory.
5. Procurement
Although the major procurement for the electro-mechanical parts are procured and
stored at the satellite stores of the UWSS. Every UWSS shall keep minimum stoke of the
consumables adequate for one year or insure that the budget is allocated that the items
are available in the town; these consumables are listed out in the following table.
Table : 5.1 Materials and parts to be procured for one year

consumption
It Description of Consumable Unit Quantity
No
~ 24 ~
2 Pipes and fittings Pcs 6% of the total length of

each type
3 Diesel Engine parts
Air cleaner Pcs 4
Fuel filter “ 12
Oil filter “ 12
V-belt “ 3
4 Switch Board Parts
Fuses of each type Pcs 12
5 Oil (can be purchased from the Kg To be quantified by Utility
nearest fuel station), for budgeting as practiced
purpose
6 Fuel (can be purchased from the Liter To be quantified by Utility
nearest fuel station)for budgeting as practiced
purpose
7 Water meter
½” Pcs requests for connection
¾” expected
1”
8 Tools (electrical, mechanical and Pcs or To be quantified by Utility
Plumbing tools as needed) set
9 Construction materials (cement, sand, Ls As per the plans of the
aggregate), or budgeting purpose civil works repair
Total cost estimate of O &M consumables, parts and
tools
The Utility shall practice procurement procedures for local competitive bidding (LCB) and
international competitive bidding (ICB), with close cooperation and inquiry with the
RWRB O & M department and workshop.
6. Buildings and Fences

Structures such as stores, administration and generator houses and well site
compounds should be inspected to ensure that:
 Fences are sufficiently secure to prevent animals from entering
 Access roads are in reasonably good condition so that vehicles and heavy
equipment, if necessary, can enter the area. Pot holes and low spots in the road
should be filled with appropriate material.
 Cracks of masonry walls shall be repaired.
 Buildings are repainted as required to protect the building material from
deterioration and to maintain an acceptable appearance.
 Galvanized sheeting on pump houses is kept in good repair so that the building is
secure.
 Doors and windows are in god repair and operating normally so that the building
is secure.
 The compounds are kept clean and free of debris.
~ 25 ~
7. Safety Measures
Personnel engaged in the operation and maintenance of water supply is dealing with
important and dangerous equipment and devices. Important in a sense that the water
supply is life matter to the community and dangerous in that the electrical or mechanical
parts can cause death or harm if not operated and maintained safely with knowledge.
Hence, safety measures shall always be considered or safety training should be provided
to operators and maintenance personnel.
Operation and maintenance procedures for electromechanical equipment shall be

overruled by the specific manufacturer’s manual provided with the specific
equipment, and only in the absence of the manufacturers manuals that procedures
from this manual can be applied.
To start with the safety measures, the UWSS shall be equipped with:
 A complete first aid kit with alcohol, medicines, bandages, splints, etc
 A complete set of compulsory tools shall be procured by the UWSS and be used
appropriately.
 One fire Extinguisher at the generator house
Safety Precautions when using tools

A high percentage of accidents in operation and maintenance are caused by the use
of improper tools. In this regard, there are several safety measures to be taken, as
follows:
 Inspect tools and repair or replace damaged or worn
tools
 Do not leave tools in places where they may fall and hurt some one below
 Do not use tools on moving machinery or equipment
 Allow sufficient clearance and ensure solid footing when preparing to use
tools
 Learn and apply the proper method for using the tool
 Wear eye protection when using impact tools, chipping, wire brushing etc
 Select the proper tool for the job
Safety precautions when handling electrical equipment:

- It is good practice to wear rubber gloves when starting electric motors
- Operators should be required to stand on rubber mats or wear rubber shoes
when handling switch gear.
- During any electrical repair, the power line feeding the equipment to be repaired
~ 26 ~
should be isolated
- High voltage circuits and panels should be repaired only by competent electricians
- Do not touch equipment, cables or any metal that touches, or is in danger of
touching, high voltage lines.
- Only approved and inspected extension cords should be used.
- Electric hand tools should always be grounded.
- No electric equipment is to be handled while in contact with water
General precaution
For all maintenance services, the workman should ensure that he has adequate
illumination, sufficient work space and secure footing. He should not wear loose
clothing and jeweler near moving parts. He should wear gloves, a safety hat, safety
boats and safety goggles as required.
Parts Availability Precaution
 Never dismantle any component without proper knowledge to inspect
 Never dismantle any piece or part before knowing that an appropriate and working
part is available at the WSO or the satellite store just for inspection.
8. Extension of the water supply system
As the Utility existed to serve the demand of the urban community, it is very challenging
to satisfy the rapidly growing development activities of the community which has direct
relation with water supply. Hence, the Utility has to follow-up, formally notice and
perform extension services within its capability or request for assistance of the ZWRO.
This section is intended to encourage that Utility should handle among its operation and
maintenance activities to accept requests or upon recognition of extension or
rehabilitation need on the water supply service which has to be planned and achieved to
diminish shortfalls in the system.
~ 27 ~
Table :8.1 extension or rehabilitation of water supply systems
Component Possible reasons for extension Remedial action Procedure
or rehabilitation or problem to
be solved
Power supply To make the system more Procure standby Formally request
(Standby reliable, the community generator set technical assistance of
generator) requested and other system through the RWRB the bureau and apply as
components are favorable recommended
Power supply To reduce operational cost and Get connection Formally request
(Electrification from make the more comfortable and from EEPCO grid technical assistance of
EEPCO) environmental friendly the bureau and apply as
recommended
Borehole yield is too low, needs To study and Formally request
additional source recommend technical assistance of
feasible actions the bureau and apply as
recommended
Reservoir Size is too small, the leakage is To study and Formally request
high and repair cost is so high recommend technical assistance of
compared to cost of new one feasible actions the bureau and apply as
recommended
Transmission pipe Pipe size is too small to transmit To study and Formally request
the source capacity, the pipe is recommend technical assistance of
too old with unavoidable leak, feasible actions the bureau and apply as
recommended
Provision of water To measure water distributed or To procure and Formally request
meter at the transmitted, no previous install new or technical assistance of
reservoir installation or malfunctioning maintain and the bureau and apply as
meter calibrate old one recommended
Distribution pipe A lot of customers requests are To study and Formally request
extension coming but the WSO is not sure recommend technical assistance of
of the adequacy and pressure feasible actions the bureau and apply as
and the pipe has to extend with recommended
very high cost than normal
connection
Private connection Many customers request for To study and Formally request
connection and the WSO is not recommend technical assistance of
sure of the adequacy and feasible actions the woreda or bureau
pressure and apply as
recommended
Public tap addition Community requests and WSO To study and Formally request
not sure about the adequacy recommend technical assistance of
and pressure feasible actions the woreda or bureau
and apply as
~ 39 ~
Table :8.1 extension or rehabilitation of water supply systems

Component Possible reasons for extension Remedial action Procedure
or rehabilitation or problem to
be solved
recommended
System expansion The town is developing, Consult with RWRB Formally request
investment and development technical assistance of
requires water supply service the bureau and apply as
higher than the capacity of the recommended
WSO and system extension may
require study, planning design
and implementation.
Possible types of extension or rehabilitation
8. Maintenance Management System
Maintenance of town water supply systems is the responsibility of the Utility

which should be conducted in line with operation activities.
 At present the capacity of utility is not yet built so as to manage all levels
of maintenance works.
 The technical assistance by the RWRB/ZWRO and maintenance service by
the workshop on payment base is compulsory.
 Maintenance management system is the cycle of actions which has to be
performed by the RWRB, ZWRO, woreda office and the UWSS to achieve
improved operation and maintenance of water supply system which can
not be performed alone by the Utility.
Maintenance management system is demonstrated below to indicate the key
elements of maintenance management system so that technical personnel of the
UWSS understand and contribute to complete the cycle and make the water
supply system always working.
Stretch consultants plc Page 40


Table :9 Roles and responsibilities of Utility in the maintenance management system

Cycle Actions Responsibilities and role of the Utility
No.
1. Inventory to know the The Utility shall obtain complete and
magnitude of tasks and latest information about the system
update database & base components which enables it operate
plans and maintain the system
2 Plan, Vision, Task The Utility shall list down all tasks, parts
Identification, Man power and materials needed for the coming
Equipment, tools, spare year, with any extension plans and
parts, Finance & Time identify the resource needed to conduct
O&M in consultation with the
RWRB/ZWRO A
3 Organize Mobilization The Utility has to follow-up and ensure
Distribution of that the duties and responsibilities of the
responsibilities and conduct RWRB and ZWRO are accepted and
maintenance works dedicated.
4 Direct & coordinate Contact O & M dept. of TBWRD and

Leadership Communication ensure that plans are workable
on regular activities as
mandated
5 Monitor & Control motivation Utility shall contact and ensure that O &
enforcement & problem M dept. of RWRB is monitoring and
solving controlling
6  Report & Evaluate  The Utility shall fulfill reporting

 Against policies, needs with the forms and special
targets needs
maintenance management system is composed of the following groups which have relations
or may get involved in the maintenance management system. The technical personnel shall
at least know their names and contact as required for performing a certain operation and
maintenance task or acquire assistance or share experience.

Figure 3.15.2 - Technical Management System Sequential Actions
Plan
Vision, Task
Identification,
Manpower
Equipment,
tools, spare
parts, Finance
& Time Organize
Inventory Mobilization
Distribution of
to update responsibilities
database and conduct
& base plans maintenance
works
Always
Workin
g WSS
Report & Direct &
Evaluate coordinate
Against Leadership
policies, Communicatio
targets n on regular
activities as
mandated
Monitor &
Control
motivation
enforcement &
problem
solving

Annexes- Record keeping and reporting formats

Form-1-Engine working hours and fuel/energy consumption recording
ENGINE WORKING HOURS

AND FUEL/ENERGY CONSUMPTION
RECORDING
Month: _______________ Year: _________________ Name of Operator: ______________________

Model/made of engine__________________________ Year of installation______________________
Morning Afternoon Day’s Weekly fuel

(1)
or
Day Start Stop Hours Start Stop Hours Total Hours
energy(kWh)
Consumption
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

28
29
30
Total monthly working hours/monthly fuel consumption/Electricity

Form-2-Monthly summary of water consumption
MONTHLY SUMMARY OF
WATER CONSUMPTION
Month: _______________ Year: _________________ Name of reader: ______________________
Water Consumption
Number Meter No. Customer Name Remark
(m3/month)
Total (m3/month) = QC
Checked by technician _____________________ Signature ____________

Date ___________

Form-3-Monthly water production/distribution report

MONTHLY WATER PRODUCTION/
DISTRIBUTION REPORT
Month: ______________ Year: _______________ Name of accountant: ______________________
Meter Source Production Meter Reservoir Distribution

No. No. (m3/month) No. No. (m3/month)
Total water production (Qp) Total water distribution (QD)

3
(m /month) (m3/month)
Monthly water loss in the transmission main = (Q p - QD) / Qp =
Monthly water loss in the distribution = (QD - Qc) / Qp =
Monthly total water loss = (Qp - Qc) / Qp =
Qc – Total water consumption of the month obtained from
Checked by _____________________ Signature ____________ Date ___________

Form-4-Monthly fuel/electric energy and chemicals consumption report

MONTHLY FUEL, ELECTRIC ENERGY
AND CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION REPORT
Month:_____________Year:_______________ Name of accountant: _______________________
Monthly fuel and electric energy consumption Total Cost of fuel _______________ Birr
Total Cost of electric power _______________Birr/kWh
Diesel
Fuel consumption/month Pumps Electric power consumption
engines
No. liter Birr No. kWh/month Birr
Total Total
Monthly consumption of chemicals
Chlorine
Cost of chlorine _______ Cost _________ Cost _________ Birr/kg
Birr/kg Birr/kg
Dosage Kg/mont Dosage Kg/mont Dosage Kg/mont

Birr Birr Birr
point h point h point h
Total Total Total
Checked by Technician _____________Signature ____________ Date ___________

Form-5-Monthly performance report of the utility

MONTHLY PERFORMANCE REPORT OF UWSS
Name of UWSS, _________________Woreda_____________Month/year__________
Type of Indicator Rate
1. Personnel Indicators
1.1 Attendance
Total hours of operation personnel on duty in the month (a) __________
Total hours of operation personnel Assigned in the month (b) __________
a/b __________
1.2 Over Time
Total number of hours worked on overtime in the month (c) __________
Total number of hours worked in the month (a) __________
c/a __________
1.3 Training
Number of days spent on training in the month of all staffs (e) __________
Total number of days on duty of all the staffs (f) __________
e/f __________
2. Equipment and parts Indicator
2.1 Efficiency of pumps
Pump operating discharge (g) __________
Pump design capacity discharge (h) __________
g/h __________
3. Unaccounted-for water
Total monthly production m3 (i) __________
3
Total monthly consumption m (j) __________
{(i-j)/(i)}x100 __________
4. Level of Service Indicator
4.1 Demand Response
Number of new connection made during the month (k) __________
Number of requests for connection during the month (l) __________
k/l __________
Water Quality
No. of customers complained on water quality/Total number of __________
customers
4.2 Reliability or Piped water supply continuity
Average number of hours of supply per day divided by 24
5. Financial Indicator
5.1 Revenue collection Efficiency
Total revenue collected (m) __________
Total billed (n) __________
(m/n)x100 __________
5.2 Billing efficiency
Total billed (z) __________
Total number of connections required to pay (p) __________
(z/p)x100 __________

5.3 Cost-recovery and cost distribution ratio

Total Operation cost in the month (q) ________________
Total maintenance cost in the month (r) ________________
________________
Total tariff revenue plus subsidies and miscellaneous income (s)
Total O&M cost (q+r) ________________
Cost recovery ratio (s)/(q+r) ________________
Power/fuel cost divided by O&M cost ________________
Labor cost divided by O&M cost ____
Chemicals cost divided by O&M cost ________________
________________
________________
____________
Prepared by
__________________Position______________signature____________date_________
Checked by ________________signature____________date__________
Form-6 -Annual Performance Report of Utility
ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT OF Utility

Town ______________________________year__________
Type of Indicator Rate
1. Personnel Indicators
1.1 Attendance __________
Total hours of operation personnel on duty in the year (a) __________
Total hours of operation personnel Assigned in the year (b)
a/b
1.2 Over Time
Total number of hours worked on overtime in the year (c) __________
Total number of hours worked in the year (a) __________
c/a
1.3 Training
Number of days spent on training in the year of all staffs (e) __________
Total number of days on duty of all the staffs in the year (f) __________
e/f
2. Equipment and parts Indicator
2.1 Efficiency of pumps
Total No. of days pump malfunctioning due to break down divided __________
by 365
s. Unaccounted-for water
Total yearly production m3 (i) __________
Total yearly consumption m3 (j) __________
(i-j)/(i)
4. Level of Service Indicator
4.1 Demand Response
Number of new connection made during the year (k) __________
Number of requests for connection during the year (l) __________
k/l
s.3 Reliability or Piped water supply continuity
Number of days of supply interruption in the year divided by 365

5. Financial Indicator
5.1 Revenue collection Efficiency
Total revenue collected in the year (m) __________
Total billed in the year(n) __________
(m/n)x100
5.2 Billing efficiency
Total billed in the year (z) __________
Total number of connections required to pay (p) __________
(z/p)x100
5.3 Cost-recovery and cost distribution ratio
Total Operation cost in the year (q) __________
Total maintenance cost in the year ® __________
Total tariff revenue plus subsidies and miscellaneous income in the __________
year(s) __________
Total O&M cost (q+r)
Cost recovery ratio (s)/(q+r)
Power/fuel cost of the year divided by O&M cost of the year
Labor cost of the year divided by O&M cost of the year
Chemicals cost of the year divided by O&M cost of the year
Prepared by __________________Position ______________signature
____________date_________
Form-7-Monthly financial report

Monthly financial report
Preventive Repair Total

maintenance
No. of work orders completed
Total labour cost
Total material cost
Total other cost
Total cost
Average cost per work order
COMMENTS

Prepared by……………………….…………Date……………Signature………………

Form-8-Financial report of Operation and Maintenance

Financial report of Operation and Maintenance
Town:.________________________________.Reporting period_________________________________
Preventive Corrective Operation Cost

maintenance
Fuel Cost
No. of work orders completed
Electricity Cost
Total labour cost Chemicals Cost

Total material cost Personnel fee
Total spare part cost
Total other cost Miscellaneous
Total cost (1) (2) (3)
Total O & M cost (1)+(2)+(3) = (4)
Total Revenue Collected (5)
COMMENTS
(5) / (4) >1 Okay if < 1 Problem Examine Performance and plan for achievement
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Prepared by……………………….…………Date……………Signature………………

Form-9-Work Request
WORK REQUEST
Town _______________________________
Requester:..............................................Date and time:.............................................

Equipment needing attention:.....................................................................................
Exact location:.........................................................ID. No.:........................................
Malfunction observed:................................................................................................
Date, time, person observing:......................................................................................
Expected cause of problem:........................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
Action already undertaken:.........................................................................................
Anticipated work to be done:.......................................................................................
Special instructions:...................................................................................................
Approval by WC………………………………………………………………..

Form- 10- Work Order
WORK ORDER
Work order no.:.........................
Type: Repair  or Preventive maintenance 
Date:.......................... Originator:..................................Priority:..............................
Person to conduct work:.............................
Manufacturer’s manual available ...........................
WR No. if RP……………..
Water scheme name and location:...............................................................................

Equipment name:.......................................................................................................
Exact location:................................................ID No.:................................................
Nature of work to be done:
Target completion date and time:.................................................................................

Work performed:
Problems/resolution:
Completion (Date and time):.........................................

Person performed:....................................
Approval by WC...................................................................................................
Labour use Material use Vehicle/equipm. use
Pers. Hrs Rate Cost Requis. no. Cost Item km cost Other
cost
Total
Cost

Total Total Total
Form-11-Monthly Work Order Report
MONTHLY WORK ORDER REPORT
Prev- Repair Total

entive
maint.
No. of work orders outstanding from last month
No. of work orders originating this month
No. of work orders originating this month, but not
completed
INCOMPLETE WORK ORDERS
Work order Date Reason of delay Expected

No. completion

Reported by---------------------------date……………………Signature………………………..

Form-12-Work Request Logbook

WORK REQUEST LOGBOOK
Work Date Requester Work Work Priority Completion Total File

request no. writte location description date cost location
n
Stretch Consultants plc Page 42

Form-13 -Work Order Logbook

WORK ORDER LOGBOOK
Work order Date Responsible Work Work Priority Completion Total File
no. writte person location description date cost location
n

Form-14 -Maintenance logbook

S.N. Date Work performed Preventive/ Man-hours Date Cost
issued corrective needed completed

Form-15-Quarterly Maintenance Report

QUARTERLY MAINTENANCE REPORT
Quarter: I.  II.  III.  IV.  Year:...........

Town:.......................................... Head:.......................................
Work orders in the quarter
Preventive Repair Total

maintenance
No. of work orders done this quarter
No. of work orders originat. this

quarter, but not completed
Cost Analysis
Preventive Corrective Total

maintenance maintenance
Total labour cost
Total material cost
Total other cost
Total cost

Form-16-Annual Maintenance Report
ANNUAL MAINTENANCE REPORT
Year:...........
Town:.......................................... Head:.......................................
Work orders in the year

No. of work orders done this year
No. of work orders originate. this

year
Cost Analysis

Total labour cost
Total material and parts cost
Total other cost
Total cost

Form-17-Request for Repair
REQUEST FOR REPAIR
A. Description of equipment: (ID. No. ..........................................)
Manufacturer: .........................................
Type: .......................................................... Serial number: ..............................................
Capacity: .................. kW, horsepower, m3/ h, l/s Other characteristics: .........................
B. History of equipment:
Construction date:.................................................. Installation date: ................................
1. Major previous repairs (date): ................................. Kind: ................................................
Total working hours: ................ h Defect detected (date): .....................................
Person observing defect:......................................
C. Description of defect, malfunctions, problem etc. observed
...
Expected cause of
problem:..........................................................................................................................
Attempt of repair already
undertaken: .........................................................................................................
By utility mechanic/electrician name):......................................................................................................
Head of utility (Signature):.................................................... Date: .........................

Daily Operation and Maintenance Procedures for Submersible Pumps Run By Generator Set
1. Before Starting of the Pump

1.1 Check engine oil, fuel, and water top up if required
1.2 Check V-belt
1.3 Check leakages of fuel, oil and water
2. After starting of the Generator Set

2.1 Let the engine warm up for about 3 minutes
2.2 Put on the main switch
2.3 Check the voltage of all three phases between neutral and phases
2.4 Start the pump
2.5 Watch the 3 ampere meters
2.6 Monitor the pressure gauge, make sure pressure is not below normal pressure
2.8 Close the pressure gauge tap so that the needle stays at 0 bar
2.9 Check the exhaust gas colour (it has to be clear)
3. Before stopping the generator
3.1 Stop the pump
3.2 Switch off the main switch
3.3 Let the engine run without load for about 1 minute then stop it
4. After stopping the Gen. Set.

4.1 Fill the daily reports (RD1& RD2)
4.2 Fill the fuel tank
4.3 Clean the generator Set
4.4 Clean the adjacent area
Daily Operation and Maintenance Procedure For Submersible Pumps Run by EEPCO Power
1. Before starting of the pump

1.1 Put on the main switch
1.2 Check the voltage of all three phases between neutral and phases
1.3 Start the pump
2. After starting the pump

2.1 Watch the 3 ampere meters
2.2 Monitor the pressure gauge, make sure pressure is not below normal pressure
2.3 Close the pressure gauge tap so that the needle stays at O bar
3. End of Operations
3.1 Stop the pump
3.2 Switch off the main switch
3.3 Fill the daily reports, RD1, RD2
3.4 Clean the area


Technical Training Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Technical Training Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Urban Water supply and Sanitation Service Improvement Program

Technical Training Manual for UWSS systems

The purpose of UWSS technical training manual is to provide guidance for

 Utility technical personnel

1.2 Objectives of the training

 To update knowledge on operation and maintenance management issues

A town water supply service is sustainable when:

 It functions and is being used

2. Operation and Maintenance of UWSS

2.1 Description of operation and maintenance

The process of operation includes:

 operating generator set,

1. Preventive maintenance (PM)

Preventive maintenance (PM) performed on a regular schedule to keep equipment or

2.1.1 Layout of the System

 Retirement or promotion of technical personnel will have minimum effect on the

The layout can be sketched on existing administrative maps or schematically on A1 size

2.1.2.1 Description of Source

Operation and Maintenance requirements for elements at the source

(Source and electromechanical equipments at source)

Pumping and Driving equipment

Operation and Maintenance Procedures

Surface water pumps mainly consist of:

The most common ground water pumps are:

1. Shaft driven helical rotor pumps

Driving equipment for pumps is usually one of the following:

Operation and Maintenance Common to All Pumps

 Check driving equipment for correct rotational speed and direction.

Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps (Surface Water)

Submersible Motor Pumps (Surface Water)

 Check for tampering and damage

PM (preventive maintenance) PROGRAMS AND SCHEDULES

S = Semi-annually, and A = Annually.

Table: 2.1 PM check lists

Check bearing temperature and lubrication *

Check alignment of pump and driver *

Check water seal glands *

Inspect, start, stop and control system *

Record, start and stop times *

c) Vertical Centrifugal Pump

Inspect, start, stop and control system *

Check for alignment of pump and pump *

Check water seal glands, V-belt and upper *

Check and clean motor starter and all

2.3 Transmission Pipe

2.3.1 Description of Transmission Pipe

Transmission pipe lines are named as

2.3.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of Transmission

Operation of transmission lines:

Maintenance of transmission lines:

Table :2.2 Elements of the transmission pipe

Task Description Frequency Responsible Unit or Team

Inspect joints and fittings of transmission Local

Task Description Frequency Responsible Unit or Team

Open check valve and check condition of

2.4.1 Description of Reservoir

 Leakage in the reservoir should be checked regularly. To investigate the leakage,

Table:2.4.1 Elements of the Reservoir

The outlet valve and water meters are installed at

Table: 2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of reservoir

record readings of water and

Table: 2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of reservoir

Table: 2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance requirements of reservoir

2.5 Distribution System

2.5.1 Description of distribution system

 A distribution system is a network of pipelines of various sizes with the necessary

Month: _______ Year: _ Name of Operator: ______________

Month: _______ Year: _ Name of reader: ______________

Checked by technician _________ Signature

Month: ______ Year: _ Name of accountant: ________________

Month:_____Year:_ Name of accountant: _________________

Checked by Technician ___Signature Date _