DETERMINATION OF TRIP ATTRACTION RATES OF

SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE SHOPPING CENTERS AT

DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN DHAKA CITY

Yousuf Bin Aziz

S.M. Rahat Rahman

Md. Muntasir Rahman

Md. Abu Raihan

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MAY 2014

i
DETERMINATION OF TRIP ATTRACTION RATES OF SMALL
AND MEDIUM SIZE SHOPPING CENTERS AT DIFFERENT
LOCATIONS IN DHAKA CITY
A Thesis/Project

Submitted by

Yousuf Bin Aziz Student No: 10.01.03.018

S. M. Rahat Rahman Student No: 10.01.03.044

Md. Muntasir Rahman Student No: 10.01.03.045

Md. Abu Raihan Student No: 10.01.03.049

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Under the supervision of

Dr. Md. Shahid Mamun

Associate Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MAY 2014

ii
 DEDICATION
The authors would like to dedicate their thesis work to their parents.

iii
DETERMINATION OF TRIP ATTRACTION RATES OF SMALL
AND MEDIUM SIZE SHOPPING CENTERS AT DIFFERENT
LOCATIONS IN DHAKA CITY

is submitted by Yousuf Bin Aziz, ID 10.01.03.018; S. M. Rahat Rahman, ID

10.01.03.044; Md. Muntasir Rahman, ID 10.01.03.045; Md. Abu Raihan, ID
10.01.03.049; Session: Fall 2013 has been accepted as satisfactory in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering.

“I hereby declare that I have read this project report and in my opinion this project
report is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the Bachelor Degree
in Civil Engineering.”

…………………………
Dr. Md. Shahid Mamun
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology

iv
 DECLARATION

Except of the content where specific references have been made of the work of other
investigators, the studies embodied in this thesis is the result of investigation carried
out by the authors under the supervision of Dr. Md. Shahid Mamun, Associate
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and
Technology.

Neither this thesis nor any part there is submitted or is being concurrently submitted
in candidature for any degree, diploma or other qualifications (expect for
publications) at any other university or other educational institutions.

…………………………
Yousuf Bin Aziz
Student No: 10.01.03.018

…………………………
S. M. Rahat Rahman
Student No: 10.01.03.044

…………………………
Md. Muntasir Rahman
Student No: 10.01.03.045

…………………………

Md. Abu Raihan

Student No: 10.01.03.049

v
 ACKNOLEDGEMENT

This study is made possible through the help and support from everyone, including:
parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient beings. Especially,
please allow us to dedicate our acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following
significant advisors and contributors:

First and foremost, The the authors would like to express their ingenious gratitude to
their supervisor Dr. Md. Shahid Mamun, Associate Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology for his continuous
guidance and support for this study. The authors were profoundly inspired by him for
his constructive advice and encouraging words, which have always been a constant
inspiration. He kindly read the paper and offered invaluable detailed advices on
grammar, organization, and the theme of the paper. Without his help and direction it
might be quite impossible to reach successful ending of this work.

Second, The the authors are indebted to the Department of Civil Engineering, AUST
for having provided them with all facilities, which enabled them to carry out the thesis
work. The encouragement and constant advice received from the faculty members is
also highly appreciated.

Finally, the authors are grateful to the Almighty Allah for allowing them to bring this
thesis to its satisfactory completion.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS Commented [M1]: Pls make the page numbers in a line

Page no.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Rationale of trip attraction rate

2

1.3 Information needs for trip attraction 2

1.4 Problem statement

3

1.5 Objective of the study

4

1.6 Study outcome 4

1.7 Organizer of the report 5

Chapter 2: Literature Review 6

2.1 General 6

2.1.1 Trip production and trip attraction 10

2.1.2 Types of trips 10

2.1.3 Factors affecting trip attraction 12

2.1.4 Shopping trip attractions 12

2.1.4.1 Shopping mall employee and shop number 12

2.1.4.2 Gross floor area of shopping mall 12

2.1.4.3 Number of parking spaces 12

2.1.4.4 Traffic analysis zone 12

2.2 Trip rate 14

2.2.1 Importance of trip rate 15

vii Formatted: Highlight

2.3 Trip attraction analysis 15

2.3.1 Cross classification 15

2.3.2 Trip attraction model structure 16

2.3.3 Regression analysis 17

2.3.4 General linear data model 19

2.3.5 Multiple regression analysis 19

2.3.6 Trip rate analysis model 20

2.4 Previous study regarding trip attraction 21

2.4.1 Strategic transport plan for Dhaka 22

2.4.2 Dhaka strategic transport model (DSTM) 23

2.4.3 Dhaka urban transport network development study (DHUTS) 24

2.4.4 Integrated environmental strategies (IES) study in Hyderabad, India 24

2.4.5 Trip attraction rates of shopping centers in Northern New Castle 25

Country, Delaware

2.4.6 Trip attraction development statistical modeling Dohuk City 26

Residential Area

2.4.7 Deciding where to shop: disaggregate random utility 27

destination choice modeling of grocery shopping in Canton Zurich

2.4.8 Disaggregate attraction-end choice modeling, formulation and 28

empirical analysis

2.4.9 Trip attraction of mixed-use development in metropolitan Manila 28

Chapter 3: Methodology 31

viii Formatted: Highlight

3.1 Overview 30

3.2 Study area 32

3.2.1 Description of shopping centers 33

3.3 Survey zone 34

3.3.1 Reconnaissance survey 40

3.3.2 Initial survey 41

3.3.3 Pilot survey 41

3.4 Counting method 41

3.5 Overview 42

Chapter 4: Data Collection 43

4.1General 43

4.2 Date and time 43

4.3 Weather condition 44

4.4 Location 44

4.5 Data calculation 44

4.6 Equipments 55

4.7 Number of surveyors 55

4.8 Overview 55

Chapter 5: Data analysis 56

5.1 General 56

5.2 Peak hour trip rate calculation 56

5.3 Trip attraction rate calculation and findings 66

ix Formatted: Highlight

Chapter 6: Summery and Recommendations 94

6.1 Summery of findings 94

6.2 Further research 95

References 97
 x Formatted: Highlight

List of Figures

Figure Page no.

Figure 2.1: The classic four-stage transport model 7

Figure 2.2: The Relationship between O/D and production and attraction 9

Figure 2.3: Trip productions and trip attractions 10

Figure 2.4: Trip types 11

Figure 2.5: Example of TAZ boundaries 13

Figure 3.1: Study flow chart 31

Figure 3.2: Location of ARA Center in Dhanmondi. 34

Figure 3.3: Front view of ARA Center 35

Figure 3.4: Location of Plaza A.R in Dhanmondi. 35

Figure 3.5: Front view of Plaza A.R. 38

Figure 3.6: Location of Aarong in Gulshan 36

Figure 3.7: Front view of Gulshan Aarong 37

Figure 3.8: Location of Pink City in Gulshan 37

Figure 3.9: Front view of Pink City

38 Commented [M2]: keep it in a line

Figure 3.10: Location of Baily Star in Siddheswari 38

Figure 3.11: Front view of Baily Star 39

Figure 3.12: Location of Fortune Shopping Mall in Siddheswari 39

Figure 3.13: Front view of Fortune Market 40

Figure 4.1: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction of 49

Plaza A.R.

xi

Figure 4.2: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction 50

of ARA Center

Figure 4.3: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction of 51

Baily Star

Figure 4.4: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction of 52

Fortune Market

Figure 4.5: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction of 53

Pink City

Figure 4.6: Bar-chart shows the variation of person trip attraction of 54

Aarong

Figure 5.1: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 66

of different 6 shopping centers

Figure 5.2: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 67

of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.3: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 67

of 3 medium shopping centers

Figure5.4: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 71

of 6 different shopping centers

Figure 5.5: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 72

of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.6: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 72

 of 3 medium shopping centers

xii Formatted: Highlight

Figure 5.7: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 76

of 6 different shopping centers

Figure 5.8: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 77

of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.9: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 77

of 3 medium shopping centers

Figure 5.10: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 81

of 6 different shopping centers

Figure 5.11: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 82

of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.12: Variation of peak hour trip attraction rate 82

of 3 medium shopping centers

Figure 5.13: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 86

of 6 different shopping centers

Figure 5.14: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 87

of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.15: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 87

of 3 medium shopping centers

Figure 5.16: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 91

of 6 different shopping centers

Figure 5.17: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 92

 of 3 small shopping centers

Figure 5.18: Variation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 92

of 3 medium shopping centers

xiii Formatted: Highlight

List of Tables

Table Page no.

Table 2.1: Trip attraction table 16

Table 2.2: Description of the statistic test 19

Table 2.3: Rates of trip attraction in the sample shopping centers using 21

trip rate analysis model

Table 2.4: Trip attraction and its explanatory variable 24

Table 4.1: Table contains the list of the markets and its visit days 44

Table 4.2: Table contains the weather condition of the visited days 44

Table 4.3: Table contains the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping 45

center

Table 4.4: Table contains the total number of shops of each shopping center 46

Table 4.5: Table contains total number employees of each shopping center 46

Table 4.6: Table contains the total number of parking spaces of 47

each shopping center

Table 4.7: Table contains the floor area, total number of floor 47

and gross floor area of each shopping center

Table 4.8: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the 49

Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals

Table 4.9: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA 50
 Center in fifteen minutes intervals.

xiv Formatted: Highlight

Table 4.10: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to 51

the Baily Star in fifteen minutes intervals

Table 4.11: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to 52

the Fortune Market in fifteen minutes intervals

Table 4.12: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to 53

the Pink City in fifteen minutes intervals.

Table 4.13: Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to 54

the Aarong in fifteen minutes intervals

Table 5.1: Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of Plaza A.R. 57

Table 5.2: Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of Baily Star 58

Table 5.3: Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of A.R.A Center. 59

Table 5.4: Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of Fortune Market. 60

Table 5.5 Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of Pink City. 61

Table 5.6: Peak hour trip rate calculation for person trip of Aarong. 62

Table 5.7: Calculation of peak hour person trip attraction rate. 67

Table 5.8: Calculation of peak hour person trip attraction rate 69

Table 5.9: Calculation of peak hour person trip attraction rate 74

Table 5.10: Calculation of peak hour person trip attraction rate 75

Table 5.11: Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 84

Table 5.12: Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate 89

xv Formatted: Highlight