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DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Series RLC-Filter
ElmSfilt
DIgSILENT GmbH

Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany

T: +49 7072 9168 0


F: +49 7072 9168 88

http://www.digsilent.de
info@digsilent.de
Version: 2016
Edition: 1

Copyright © 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 1


Contents

Contents

1 General Description 3

2 Load Flow Analysis 3

2.1 Balanced AC Load Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1.1 Zero Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1.2 Input Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1.3 Calculation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Unbalanced AC Load Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Short Circuit 6

4 RMS-Simulation 7

5 EMT-Simulation 7

5.1 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6 Harmonics/Power Quality 8

6.1 Balanced Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6.2 Unbalanced Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

List of Figures 10

List of Tables 11

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 2


2 Load Flow Analysis

1 General Description

The series RLC-filter model is implemented as a single-tuned filter (series RLC circuit), as
shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1: Series RLC-Filter element

The general parameters of the series RLC-filter are defined in Table 1.1

Table 1.1: General input parameters

Parameter Default Value Description Range


loc name Name
bus1 Terminal (StaCubic)
bus1 bar Terminal
cpZone Zone
cpArea Area
outserv 0 Out of Service 0≤x≤1
ratings
pRating Thermal Rating
systyp AC System Type AC
nphases 3 No. of Phases 1:3

2 Load Flow Analysis

There are two different models:

• Model for balanced calculations


• Model for unbalanced calculations

2.1 Balanced AC Load Flow

In Balanced Load Flow, the following model is used:

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 3


2 Load Flow Analysis

Figure 2.1: Balanced Load Flow Model

Where:

• Rrea is the resistance in Ω


• Lrea is the reactance in mH
• Ccap is the susceptance in µF

From these values, we can obtain the reactance and susceptance values:

• Xrea = 2πf · Lrea · 1e−3 is the reactance in Ω


• Bcap = 2πf · Ccap · 1e−6 is the susceptance in S

• f is the network frequency in Hz

The initialisation of the impedance is calculated as follows:

Z rl = Rrea + Xrea (1)


1
Xcap = (2)
Bcap
Z = Z rl − Xcap (3)

The equations for voltage and current are:

U bus1 − U bus2 = I 1 · Z (4)


I bus1 + I bus2 = 0 (5)

Where:

• U bus1 is the line to ground voltage in terminal 1 in kV

• U bus2 is the line to ground voltage in terminal 2 in kV

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 4


2 Load Flow Analysis

• I bus1 is the current in terminal 1 in kA

• I bus2 is the current in terminal 2 in kA

The voltage across the capacitor, uc in p.u. is calculated as follows:


U bus1 − U bus2 − I bus1 · Z rl
uc =

U bus1

2.1.1 Zero Capacitance

If the value for Ccap is zero, the series filter is modelled as a R-L circuit, and in such a case, the
initialization of the impedance is calculated as follows:

Z rl = Rrea +  Xrea
Z = Z rl

The equations for voltage and current are the same as 4 and 5.

2.1.2 Input Parameters

The input parameters for balanced Load Flow calculation are defined in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Input parameters for balanced load flow

Parameter Unit Default Value Description Symbol


rrea mH Resistance Rrea
lrea Ω Inductance Lrea
ccap µF Capacitance Ccap

2.1.3 Calculation Parameters

The calculation parameters used in the RMS model are presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Calculation parameters for balanced load flow

Parameter Unit Description Symbol


Zrl Ω Shunt Impedance Z rl
Xcap Ω Capacitor Reactance Xcap
frnom Hz Nominal Frequency f
hpi rad/s Nominal Angular Frequency 2πf
uc p.u. Voltage across Capacitor uc

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 5


3 Short Circuit

2.2 Unbalanced AC Load Flow

In Balanced Load Flow, the following model is used:

Figure 2.2: Unbalanced Load Flow Model

The parameters are as follows:

Rrea:r = Rrea:s = Rrea:t = Rrea


Lrea:r = Lrea:s = Lrea:t = Lrea
Ccap:r = Ccap:s = Ccap:t = Crea

The equations for impedance, voltage and current for each phase are the same as those de-
scribed in 1 to 5.

3 Short Circuit

The equations for short-circuit are the same used for load flow explained in Section 2.

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 6


5 EMT-Simulation

4 RMS-Simulation

The equations for short-circuit are the same used for load flow explained in Section 2.

5 EMT-Simulation

In EMT Simulation, the following model is used:

Figure 5.1: EMT Model

The parameters are as follows:

Rrea:r = Rrea:s = Rrea:t = Rrea


Lrea:r = Lrea:s = Lrea:t = Lrea
Ccap:r = Ccap:s = Ccap:t = Crea

The initialisation of the equations for voltage and current are presented below:


Uc:A (0) = < U bus1:A ldf − U bus2:A ldf − I bus1:A ldf · (Rrea:r + 2πf · Lrea:r )

Uc:B (0) = < U bus1:B ldf − U bus2:B ldf − I bus1:B ldf · (Rrea:s + 2πf · Lrea:s )

Uc:C (0) = < U bus1:C ldf − U bus2:C ldf − I bus1:C ldf · (Rrea:t + 2πf · Lrea:t )
d(Uc:A (0))
= <{2πf · Uc:A (0)}
dt
d(Uc:B (0))
= <{2πf · Uc:B (0)}
dt
d(Uc:C (0))
= <{2πf · Uc:C (0)}
dt

Finally, the equations for voltage and current in the series RLC-filter are:

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 7


6 Harmonics/Power Quality

d(Ibus1:A (t))
Uc:r (t) = Ubus1:A (t) − Ubus2:A (t) − Rrea:r · Ibus1:A (t) − Lrea:r ·
dt
d(Ibus1:B (t))
Uc:s (t) = Ubus1:B (t) − Ubus2:B (t) − Rrea:s · Ibus1:B (t) − Lrea:s ·
dt
d(Ibus1:C (t))
Uc:t (t) = Ubus1:C (t) − Ubus2:C (t) − Rrea:s · Ibus1:B (t) − Lrea:s ·
dt
d(Uc:r (t))
Ibus1:A (t) = Ccap:r ·
dt
d(Uc:s (t))
Ibus1:B (t) = Ccap:s ·
dt
d(Uc:t (t))
Ibus1:C (t) = Ccap:t ·
dt
Ibus1:A (t) + Ibus2:A (t) = 0
Ibus1:B (t) + Ibus2:B (t) = 0
Ibus1:C (t) + Ibus2:C (t) = 0

5.1 Signals

The signals available in EMT simulation are presented in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: ElmSfilt Signals (EMT-Simulation)

Parameter Unit IN/OUT Description Symbol


U ca kV STATE Voltage Across Capacitor, Phase A Uc:A
U cb kV STATE Voltage Across Capacitor, Phase B Uc:B
U cc kV STATE Voltage Across Capacitor, Phase C Uc:C

6 Harmonics/Power Quality

The equations for voltage and current are the same as those described in Section 2, with the
parameters calculated as described in the sections below.

In addition, frequency-dependent characteristics may be defined for the following parameters


(parameter names follow in parentheses): R (rrea), L (lrea) and C (ccap).

Note: For absolute characteristics, the values defined in the element (not in the characteristic)
will be used at the fundamental frequency.

6.1 Balanced Calculation

The parameters are as follows:

Z rl = Rrea + Xrea · fharm (6)


1
Xcap = · fharm (7)
Bcap
Z = Z rl − Xcap (8)

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 8


6 Harmonics/Power Quality

Where fharm is the harmonic order.

6.2 Unbalanced Calculation

The equations for impedance for each phase are the same as those described in 6 to 8.

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 9


List of Figures

List of Figures

1.1 Series RLC-Filter element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Balanced Load Flow Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.2 Unbalanced Load Flow Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5.1 EMT Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 10


List of Tables

List of Tables

1.1 General input parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Input parameters for balanced load flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Calculation parameters for balanced load flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5.1 ElmSfilt Signals (EMT-Simulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Series RLC-Filter (ElmSfilt) 11

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