英語100篇精讀薈萃（基礎篇）

英語 100 篇精讀匯粹（基礎篇）【type by simon（8029）】
Passage one（The only way to travel is on foot）

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘
Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for
anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless
Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use
their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts
and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth
dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs
even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge
mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry
to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye
view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by
car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are
forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great
motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the
words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical
twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most
evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been
there’ – meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you
spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is
achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience;
the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand,
lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives
somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the
whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound.
Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1 、 Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because

A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars, buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people’s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won’t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.
C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.
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D People want to sleep during travelling.

4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’ mean?
A See view with bird’s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1. Palaeolithic 舊石器時代的
2. Neolithic 新石器時代的
3. escalator 自動電梯，自動扶梯
4. ski-lift 載送滑雪者上坡的裝置
5. mar 損壞，毀壞
6. blur 模糊不清，朦朧
7. smear 塗，弄髒，弄模糊（尤指畫面、輪廓等）
8. evocative 引起回憶的，喚起感情的
9. El Dorado (由當時西班牙征服者想像中的南美洲)黃金國，寶山，富庶之鄉
10. Kabul 喀布爾（阿富汗首都）
11. Irkutsk 伊爾庫茨克（原蘇聯亞洲城市）
難句譯注與答案詳解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅遊的唯一方法是走路

難句譯注
1. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get
in your way.
【參考譯文】飛機旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。
2. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過視窗。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由於種種現代化交通設施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用
眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機……，車、機速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導致
人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅遊方法是徒步――經歷
現實。
答案詳解
1． A 人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學家把以往年代的人們分別標上舊石器時代、新
石器時代人，等等。乾脆俐落地總結了一個時期。當他們轉向 20 世紀，他們肯定會標
上“無腳的人”。因為在 20 世紀，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、
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公共汽車、火車。大樓裏由電梯、自動扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也
不用腳。他們築有纜車道、滑雪載車和路直通山頂。所有的風景旅遊區都有大型的汽車
停車場。
B 人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。C 電梯、自動扶梯制止人們走路。D 有許多交通運輸
工具。
2． A 人們的注意力在未來。見最後一段第一句話：當你高速旅行，現在等於零，你主要
生活在未來，因為你大部分時間盯在前面到達的某個地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，
你還要再向前進。
B 是一種歡樂。 C 滿足司機強烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機醉心於開車、不停車但不是
快速前進著眼于未來。 D 生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因為他們那
異常的生活方法強加給時代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器――交通運
輸工具，不是開快車。
3． C 人們在旅行途中什麼都見不到。答案在第二段，由一地轉向另一地，路上你什麼都
沒有見到。乘飛機你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上
旅遊，只見到海。“我到過那裏”此話含義就是“我以一小時一百英里在去某某地方
時經過那裏”。正因為如此，作者指出將來的歷史書上會記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛
的應用。
A 人們不願用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。 D 旅行中，人們想睡覺。
4． D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情
況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經歷都停滯，現實不再是現實，還不
如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現實，對他來說旅行和到達是一回事，他
一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個身體去體驗現在時刻、旅行終點，他
感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的真實報償。這一
段就是作者寫文章的目的 ― ― 走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A 腳變得軟弱無力。 B 現代交通工具把世界變小。 C 沒有必要用眼睛。
5． C 從高出向下看的景致：俯視。
A 用鳥的眼睛看景點。 B 鳥在看美景。 D 風景點。
Passage two (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have
developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished
the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these
goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and
obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty?
Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them
hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only
difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they
enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated
arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous
as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we
should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should
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be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let
us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent
sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see
violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people
are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because
they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is
simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and
emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up
in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the
past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in
operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes
have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because
positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have
and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving
one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of
human beings.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A. not very high. B. high.
C. contemptuous. D. critical.
2. The main idea of this passage is
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3. That the author mentions the old Romans is
A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B. to give an example.
C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A. Three. B. Five.
C. Six. D. Seven.
5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
1. relish 從……獲得樂處，享受
2. orgy 狂歡，放縱
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3. arena 競技場，活動或鬥爭的場所
4. blood-thirsty 殘忍的，嗜血的
5. bear-baiting 逗熊遊戲
6. bull-fight 鬥牛
7. batter 猛擊，連續地猛打/捶，亂打
8. pulp 成紙漿，成軟塊
9. burst into flames 突然燃燒起來/著火
10. grim 令人窒息的，簡陋的
11. coop up 把……關起來
難句譯注
1. bear-baiting 逗熊遊戲。這是一種十六、十七世紀流行於英國的遊戲――驅狗去咬綁著的熊，很
殘忍，後被禁止。
2. …two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【結構簡析】 batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打癱某人
【參考譯文】兩個人在拳擊場內彼此狠揍，知道一個人被打倒在地，爬不起來。
3. …unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【參考譯文】眼見一輛或多輛賽車相互撞擊，突然燒起來而無動於衷。
4. A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【參考譯文】世界重量級冠軍賽總是頭版頭條新聞。
作者採取先對比、後分析的寫作手法。先是今人和古羅馬人對暴虐體育上對此兩者都欣賞。後者坦
率成人“欣賞暴力體育”，前者施以各種介面、實際都是嗜血成性者。第二段進一步剖析今人欣賞
暴虐體育的種種實例，最後指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜為改善法律採取積極的步驟，法律才能施
以巨大的文明影響，否則人類很難改變。
答案詳解
1. A. 不太高。文章一開始就點出科技巨大進步，而其他方面進展很少。人們以輕蔑的口氣談及
可憐的古羅馬人，因為他們欣賞競技場上的屠殺。我們輕視他們，因為他們把這些屠殺視為
娛樂。我們可以降階/屈尊地諒解他們，因為他們生活在 2000 年前，顯然，對好的東西不知
道。在這裏作者反問，我們的優越感是否正確呢？我們的嗜血性是不是少一些？為什麼拳擊
比賽吸引那麼許多人？在場的觀賞者（觀眾）是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢？結論是：人
類和過去一樣殘忍。唯一的不同點在於古羅馬人很誠實，他們承認他們欣賞觀看饑餓的獅子
把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我們會找出各種精闢的理由來保衛早該制止的運動。第二段舉出
具體例子，如鬥牛、拳擊中把人打癱在地、車賽中，車子碰撞起火，人們就坐在那裏觀看欣
賞，參賽者是為了高報酬，觀眾付出大筆錢財是為了看到暴力。作者指出任何體育精神的說
法純粹是虛偽。如果一場打比賽（世界重量級冠軍賽），兩輪而不是十五輪就告結束，成千
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上百萬人們會感到失望――這些都證明人的卑下，不文明。這兩段似乎也證明作者的觀點應
該是 C 項――蔑視的。但在第三段談及，好幾個世紀以來，人們一直試圖在精神上和情感上
改善自己，又得承認不怎麼成功。可至少我們不再容忍瘋人禁錮於籠中，當眾鞭撻，以及其
他許多過去普遍存在的野蠻行徑。監獄也不再是過去那種令人窒息的禁錮之地，社會福利制
度在全世界許多地方推行。在財富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。這些變化的出現不是因為
人突然改善，而是在改變法律上採取了積極的步驟。如果我們禁止危險的暴力體育項目，那
麼我們在改善人類方面又前進了一步。我們會認識暴力是人類的墮落和卑下（人類不應有
的）。從這段來看，作者對人類還抱有希望，不是很蔑視。所以選 A 項。
2. A. 法律應禁止墮落而又危險的體育項目。見第一題注釋。作者從古羅馬人欣賞殘忍的體育項
目說起，點出現代人也是嗜血成性，喜歡暴力體育項目。這是不文明，是墮落。必須制止，
而法律是我們社會改革最強大的工具，它可應用，發揮強大的文明影響（第三段倒數第三
句）
B. 人們願意支付巨大款項來觀看暴力。這是作者說明“嗜血成性”的具體內容之一。C. 對比
對危險體育項目不同的態度。這裏沒有對比。D.人類嗜血成性。這是作者認為人們為什麼欣賞
危險殘忍體育項目的根源。
3. D. 人們在體育上習慣于“嗜血成性”，過去是，現在仍然是，不同點只是前者坦直承認，
後者婉轉掩飾。見第一題注釋。
A. 把古羅馬人和現代人對比。這項沒有說明對比什麼。B. 給出一個例子。太抽象。C. 說明過去
人類不太知道更美好的東西，這兩項都沒有到位。
4. B. 5 個。作者提到⑴逗熊遊戲；⑵鬥牛；⑶車賽；⑷拳擊；⑸人獅鬥。至於當眾鞭撻和絞刑
不能稱作體育活動。
5. A. 通過制止野蠻體育項目，我們能改善人類自身。這在第三段講的最透徹，見第一題和第
二題注釋。
B. 通過制止野蠻體育活動，我們能改善法律，不完全對。作者明確指出要用法律來禁止野蠻
體育項目。C. 我們必須採取積極步驟來改善社會福利體制。D. 去表明法律是社會變革的主要
工具。
Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics
seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to
throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that)
should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are
making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer
who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for
products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the
wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function
is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the
advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones
we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would
obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
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Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is
hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a
railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank
wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed
columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab
wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers,
commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that
we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the
money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine.
What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be
accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a
birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the
most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such
entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for
advertising there is!
1. What is main idea of this passage?

A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is
A. appreciative.
B. trustworthy.
C. critical.
D. dissatisfactory.
3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
4. Which of the following is Not True?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
5. The passage is
A. Narration.
B. Description.
C. Criticism.
D. Argumentation.
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Vocabulary
1. come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的物件，吸引（某事物），獲得
2. flair 天資，天分
3. iniquitous 極邪惡的，極不公正的
4. drab 單調的，乏味的
5. subsist 活下去，生存下去，維持下去
6. hatch 孵化（指生孩子）
7. match 匹配，婚姻
8. dispatch 派遣，發送
9. agony 極大痛苦，煎熬
10. agony column （報刊中關於個人疑難問題徵詢意見的）讀者來信專欄
難句譯注
1. Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism.
【參考譯文】廣告商總是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也許這就是為什麼他們老挨批評。
2. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion.
【參考譯文】他們的批評者似乎對他們很氣憤，因為他們在自我抬高/標榜上很有天分。
3. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human
nature.
【參考譯文】報紙任何其他欄目都難以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供對人性的內涵如此深刻的洞
察。
4. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is.
【參考譯文】這是廣告中最佳的廣告。
文章以因果、對比的手法寫出有沒有廣告的後果及廣告的真正作用。文章首先指出廣告商遭批評的
原因：廣告商誇大和人們認為廣告浪費錢財、商品價格就搞；然後作者以有無廣告的後果突出其功
能，沒有廣告，商品價更高，生活單調、乏味。有了廣告，商品價低，生活豐富多彩，人們獲取各種
資訊。
答案詳解
1. C. 廣告對社會的服務很有用。作者從三方面來敍述廣告作用：第二段點出如果廣告不為產品開
闢廣大的市場，我們就得付出很多錢，正是因為大量的廣告費用，消費者的商品才會那麼便宜。
廣告除銷售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告訴資訊，有關家用商品的許多只是來自廣告，還有
新產品的介紹。
第三段講了美化環境功能。如果火車站的牆上和報上沒有廣告，那會怎麼樣。一幅悅人心目，機
智的廣告將改變一切。
第四段講了它為我們省錢：別忘了廣告對我們口袋作出積極的貢獻。報紙、電臺、電視臺公司沒
有這筆收入很難生存。我們的報紙，我們付給很少，或者說，我們能享受那麼多的節目完全是
因為廣告商花的錢。如果要我們付報紙的全價，那我們要花多少錢！
最後一段講了各種專欄的功能。人們可以在這些欄目找工作、買賣房子、宣佈婚喪嫁娶資訊。這些
都圍著一個中心：廣告對社會服務的有用性。
A. 廣告。太籠統。B. 廣告之優點。文章不是講優點，而是講服務於社會的功能。D. 廣告費用。
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2. A. 欣賞/讚賞。從上述注釋也可推知是 A 項。最重要的，作者提出種種功能，是為了反駁第一段
內提到的論點：完全是非生產企業每年吸收幾百萬鎊，這說明這些大公司利潤有多高。最重要
的是消費者付的廣告費等。反駁更說明了 A 項對。
B. 值得信任。 C. 批評。 D. 不滿意。
3. A. 因為廣告商常常愛吹，。見難句譯注 1. 。
B. 因為批評者認為廣告浪費錢。C. 因為廣告促使消費者購買不必要的東西。D. 因為消費者支付
更多。
4. C. 優質產品不需要廣告。一切產品都需要廣告，新產品、老產品都需要。
A. 廣告對我們的口袋作出貢獻。 B. 我們可以買到我們所需的。 D. 廣告使我們生活豐富多彩。這
三條都提到也是真實的。
5. C. 文章一開始就提到對廣告的批評，然後作者以對比的手法說明其功能。
A. 敍事。B. 描寫。 D. 議論。
Passage four(preface)
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated
people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an
understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding
of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows
something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is
superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the
person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views
the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of
any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a
broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are,
and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and
our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn
to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are
pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and
the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women.
This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the
trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make
significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a
language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified
individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns
whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human
race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal.
We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may
9
observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means

[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C] the scientific community.
[D] people who make good contribution to science.
2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
[B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
[B] are good at producing various gadgets.
[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.
4. According to this passage,
[A] English is a sexist language.
[B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
5. This passage most probably is
[A] a book review.
[B] the preface of a book.
[C] the postscript of a book.
[D] the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary
1. subculture 亞文化群（指在一個社會或一種文化內具有獨特性的一群人）
2. superficial 膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的
3. lay person 外行，門外漢，俗人
4. musty 發毒的，老朽的，陳腐的
5. gadget 小玩意兒，小配件，新發明
6. pervasive 滲透的，彌漫的，遍佈的
7. populate 居住於……中，在……中占一席之地
8. implicit 含蓄的，內含的
9. unspecified 未特別提出的
10. offset 抵消，補償
難句譯注
1. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to
attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
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【參考譯文】如果一個人知道那些使科學家激動不已和灰心喪氣的東西，那就比較容易瞭解科學
的一般（普遍）特徵以及特殊科學概念。
2. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic
view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do.
【參考譯文】我們希望這本書能引導讀者對科學觀念有一個更為廣闊的透視；對什麼是科學、科
學家是些什麼人以及他們在幹什麼有一個更為現實的觀點。
3. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the
values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
【參考譯文】另外，讀者可學會正確評價科學觀點與我們文化中無處不在的某些價值觀和哲學思
想之間的關係。
4. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of
the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields
and make significant contributions.
【參考譯文】科學亞文化群中婦女作用越來越大。這不是難得一見的意外事件，而是，確切地說，
在社會各部門顯著潮流的一部分由於越來越多婦女進入了傳統上為男子統治的領域並作出了重
大的貢獻。
5. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our
language in treating half of human race equally.
【參考譯文】這一策略並不理想，但它至少承認了一個事實，那就是在平等對待人類另一半上，
我們的語言功能還不全。
這是一篇書的序言，作者用夾敘夾議的寫作方法介紹了書的涉及面及其功能。
首先提出科學是我們文化的重大主題，但人們也該瞭解科學家生活的亞文化群，只有懂得一些
激勵和挫傷科學家的種種情況，才能理解科學的一般特徵及其特殊概念。
第二方面指出書的讀者物件是對科學一知半解的學生及門外漢。書可作理工科課程的輔助（補
充）讀物，又可獨立自成體系。它可開闊人們科學的視野，真正瞭解科學、科學家及其工作，理解科
學和文化的關係，科學觀點和哲學的關係。
第三方面指出亞文化群中婦女增多，貢獻巨大，而我們的語言卻隱含這性別的歧視，難以充分
平等地反映婦女。
最後指出書信息量大又具娛樂性，寓教於樂。
答案詳解
1. C 科學社區。答案在第一段第二句，人們也該瞭解科學家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什麼
樣的人。第三段又講到，有關科學社區的畫面以及婦女對科學亞文化的貢獻。可見科學社區即亞
文化。
A. 科學家所組成種種文化群體。 B. 科學知識有限的一些人。 C. 對科學作出很大貢獻的人。
2. B 因為科學幾乎影響到我們生活的各個方面。文章開綜明旨點出：科學是我們文化中的重要主題，
由於它幾乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面，有知識的人至少需要熟悉一些結構和作用。
A. 瞭解激發和挫傷科學家的事情可不太容易。（比較難） C. 科學家生活在特定的亞文化群中。
D. 瞭解科學的一般特性比較容易。
3. A 不太瞭解科學的大學生或門外漢。第二段首句就點出了這本書為對科學一知半解的大學生和
11
門外漢所寫，為某些人，一直把科學看作乾巴巴的事實堆砌的發黴的石屋的人；為那種把科學
的主要目的視為生產小配件的人；為那些把科學視為某種魔術的人而寫。這說明主要為 A 項人
所寫，對科學瞭解不多的大學生和普通人。
B. 善於生產各種小配件。 C. 在乾巴巴的事實堆砌的石屋中工作。D. 相對科學有膚淺瞭解的人。
4. D 不應當用陽性的名詞和代詞去指科學家。第三段集中講了這本書提供精確而又現代的有關科
學社區（社會）和居住在其中的人的畫卷。近年來，越來越多的婦女包括進來，原因是許多婦
女進入傳統上為男人統治的領域，並作出巨大貢獻，所以婦女在科學亞文化群中的增多並不是
罕見的偶然事件，而是社會各部門明顯趨勢的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻時，我們面臨著
隱含性別歧視的語言――用陽性名詞和代詞來指未指定人物，為了消除這種偏頗，我們在可能
和必要時採用了複數名詞和代詞來取代他或她。
A. 英語是一種性別語言。B. 只有在科學領域中，婦女的作用增長很快。C. 婦女在曉民我們語言
中的不適當性作出了巨大的貢獻。根據此題注釋說明這三項都不對。英語不能說成是有性別的語
言，其中雖有些詞性表示男性或女性。文內明確指科學界婦女增多是整個社會的趨勢的組成部
分。由於婦女在科學界的貢獻，所以不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學界，並不是在消滅語言
……
5. B 書的前言，見文章大意。
A. 書的評論。 C. 書跋、書的附錄。 D. 書的結論部分。
Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)

It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the
boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or
hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese
kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the
meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes
for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has
also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13 th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by
Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically
spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute
magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through
meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to
God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the
managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or
he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his
companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for
a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.
‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.
Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then
you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic
meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with
normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his
12
peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions
were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in
Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the
inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University,
compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and
subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics,
Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same
higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1. What is the most important factor in their doing business?

[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2. Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3. Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5. What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1. file into 魚貫而入，排隊進去
2. Jakarta 雅加達
3. meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4. Java 爪哇
5. Javanese 爪哇的
6. mysticism 神秘主義
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7. boost 促進，增加，提高
8. devout 虔誠的，熱誠的
9. appeal (to) 向……呼籲，求助於，魅力
10. legend 傳說，神話
11. fasting 禁食，齋戒
12. hold onto 抓緊，保住
13. personnel management system 人事管理制度
14. perspective investment 遠景投資
15. venture （商業）投機，風險
16. sharpen 使……敏銳/尖銳，磨尖
17. business slide 買賣/企業滑坡，下滑
18. turn around （生意）好轉，轉變
19. subconscious 下意識的，潛意識的
20. cybernetics 控制論
21. Carnegie 卡耐基
22. tap 開拓，選擇
難句譯注
1. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
【參考譯文】在印尼神秘主義似乎涉及到印尼生活的各個方面，商業也不例外。
2. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and
religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
【參考譯文】這些虔誠的商人，叫做 Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他們的祈求呼籲跟爪
哇當地的神秘主義相結合。他們通過這一途徑積極熱情地拓展商業買賣和宗教信仰。
3. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the
keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
【參考譯文】恰當的工作崗位使用合適的人選，對企業決策具有信心使形式好轉的關鍵。它給你
帶來拓展和利潤。（或任人唯賢，指揮若定使扭虧增盈，大展宏圖的關鍵。）
4. Search for the inner self.
【參考譯文】探索內心的自我。
5. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive
thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
【參考譯文】類似心理控制論、卡耐基斯想、增長率、或者積極思考能力等觀點是西方開拓高智慧
的辦法，而我們是通過沉思冥想來和高智慧聯繫的。
這是一篇新聞報導，講述印尼商人如何經營公司。主要採用一般到具體寫作手法。一開始就點明
他們以獨特的方式――不看檔，不聽彙報，而是閉上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精靈請示來經營。這
種神秘主義幾乎涉及印尼生活的各個領域，商業也不例外。後面每段都圍繞這一主題而寫。第二段寫
來源。第三段，應用於商業方面的具體例子，第四段，和西方管理方法對比。
14
答案詳解
1. C 沉思。這在第一斷已有說明。
A. 神秘主義。是個總的概念，籠罩生活各方面。而不是具體的做法和重要因素。B. 宗教。D. 投資。
2. A 爪哇古代帝王之精靈。答案在第一段。
B. Wali Ullah 是指印度穆斯林商人。這些虔誠的商人叫做 Wali Ullah 或者成為接近主的人。傳說神
話也把先知的力量歸功於 Wali Ullah。C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919 是生於蘇格蘭的美國鋼鐵
工業家和慈善家。他有一套管理企業的辦法，稱為卡耐基斯想（管理法）。
3. B 他們也重視資歷、才能。這在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko 講話清楚說明“如果我們要雇
傭管理人員，我們就一起沉思，常常會有這種資訊來臨：這個人不能管理錢財或者他不可靠。
也可能神靈告訴我們應當雇傭他。接著他匆忙補充說他的公司也採用現代人事管理系統，即要
考慮雇傭的人員最根本的條件仍是正式資歷 ” 。
A. 他認為神秘主義不像想像中那麼好。C. 表明他們雇傭人才。上下文說明，他所以補充是說明他
們也重視資格。D. 表明科學管理和宗教結合的可能性。Hadisike 語中沒有這種意思。但不能說他
們雇傭人才不管宗教。
4. B 得到冷靜頭腦來決策。這在第三段後半部分講到。“遠景的投資也是通過神秘的沉思加以考慮。
有著放鬆和開放的頭腦，易於客觀地判斷新投資的風險。沉思和過去領袖的接觸會是你的洞察
力和感官變得敏銳。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者說每星期的沉思會主要目標是帶來一個
平靜的頭腦，作出好決策。 ”
A. 從上帝那裏得到利潤。C. 取得先知。不對，先知的能力歸於 Wali Ullah。D. 得到客觀的結論。文
內只提到，頭腦放鬆容易客觀地判斷投資風險與否，並不是客觀的結論。
5. B 沒有沉思和齋戒的常規作生意。見第三段中，神秘的沉思幫助扭轉公司生意滑坡而正常買賣步
驟，這一年就損失了 300 萬美元。這兩句對比的話說明 B 項內容。
A. 採用西方買賣方式（交易方式）。文內沒有點明正常就是西方方式。C. 和上帝接觸。D. 知人善
任。
Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy
candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts
loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last
week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to
former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be
groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the
Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to
the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern
frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out
of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level
is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used
to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college
teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
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1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability
or their specialities.
3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who
mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and
failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts
for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $
20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D.
‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may
also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the
highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which
would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school
would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present
job.
1. The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty
members.
2. Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
5. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
[B] academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
16
Vocabulary
1. dropout 輟學者，中途退學
2. well-rounded 全面的
3. attrition 縮/減員，磨損
4. drain 枯竭
5. bracket 一類人，（尤指按收入分類的）階層
6. lagging behind other fields 落後於其他領域
7. glum 陰鬱的
難句譯注
1. Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy
candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.
【參考譯文】教育工作者嚴重關注博士生輟學的高比率；這對迫切需要博士生的國家是一個人才
方面的嚴重損失。
2. It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24
universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
【結構分析】 sent 過去分詞，修飾 questionnaires 。 Who 定語從句修飾 students 。
【參考譯文】這份全面調查報告是以 22000 份調查表分送給以前在 24 所大學就讀的博士生為基礎
的。這份全面調查報告似乎說明過去許多擔心害怕是沒有根據的。
3. Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on
university resources already being used to capacity.
【結構分析】被動句。 To capacity 滿額，全力。
【參考譯文】博士水平的人員的縮減被認為是寶貴的教授時間的浪費和已經被使用到極限的大學
資源的枯竭。
4. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend
to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
【結構分析】 the fact 的同位語 that 從句中的 where 是定語從句，修飾 academic fields 。
【參考譯文】這也可能表明這樣一個事實：在博士能掙到最高工資的學術領域中，高工資仍然落
後於其他領域。
這是一篇論及“博士生輟學”的文章。採用對比和因果手法。文章一開始就提出教育工作者嚴重
關注博士生輟學達 50％的問題。而調查報告證明，只有 31％。輟學造成不良後果，有人建議中途退
學者回爐再念博士學位學業。研究表明不行。列出理由並加以分析。
答案詳解
1. A. 許多教育工作者感到應採取步驟讓輟學者回校學習，特別是有些學科。這在第三段最後一句
話：“有些人建議高級專家和大學教師短缺現象可以通過勸說輟學者返回校園完成博士學位來
減少。 ”
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B. 輟學者應回到稍第幾的學校去完成學業。 C. 有博士學位的人一般比輟學者具有較好的適應性。
D. 高輟學率主要原因在於教師方面缺乏刺激鼓勵。這三項文內沒有提。
2. D.約三分之一開始就讀博士學位的人沒有完成學業取得學位。第二段第一句：“輟學率為 31％。
大多數情況下，輟學人不能完成博士學位學業，就去從事生產性工作”。
A. 輟學者的經濟收入比博士生低許多。這是錯的。見倒數第二段：“作為輟學者幹得真不錯的證
明，統計圖表說明 2％人文學科的輟學者年收入為 20000 多沒勁，沒有一個同樣背景的博士生
達到這個數字。7000 至 15000 美元年收入水平為博士生的 78％，輟學者僅為 50％。” B. 在博士
學習中刺激因素較小。 C. 博士預備生如果中途退學很可能改變其專業領域。
3. C. 博士生應達到外語要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個基本組成部分。這在第四段有所表示：
“約 75％的退學者說，他們決定退學並不是處於學術的原因，而處於學術原因的退學者提出：
難以通過資格考試，難以完成研究，通不過外語考試”。這裏看出外語是博士生課程的基本組
成部分。
A. 它是退學最頻繁的原因。B. 它對理科博士生比文科博士應考生更難。D. 它在大學中的難度並
沒有不同。
4. A. 讀完這篇文章，人們不會有這種結論。這在第三段末和最後一段。第三段末：“我們研究的結
果並不支持這些一件（包括返回校園之意見）： ⑴缺乏動力是退學的主要原因。 ⑵大多數退學
者在博士課程上已經達到和他們的能力水平和專業水平相一致的水平。 ⑶大多數退學者現在從
事的工作和他們所受教育和動機相一致。”最後一段：“至於返回校園的可能性，前景不樂觀。
至少有 25％的退學生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是保證他們保留現有的收入水平，有些
還要保留他們目前的工作。 ”
B. 博士生退學者，大體而論，並不具備得到學位所需要的一切。 C. 學院和大學雇傭了許多退學
生。D. 博士生在非學術崗位上沒有掙到他們應得的錢。B.、C.兩項文內沒提。D.不對，參見難句譯
注 4。
5. A. 博士生的工資太低。見第四題 A. 的譯注和難句譯注 4 。
B. 學術要求太高。這只是某些因學術原因輟學者之強調點。C. 輟學者工資太高。不是太高而是有
一部分高於博士生。見第二題 D 項注釋。 D. 職位低。文內沒有提。
Passage seven(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)

From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against
many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern
drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining
diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and
happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and
children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back
and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension
of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People
who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel.
They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their
hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his
18
behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable
because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road
networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently
forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to
driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code
which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here
are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and
made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the
age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles
should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can
impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much
stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay
down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power
and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing
should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world
is for human beings, not motor-cars.
1. The main idea of this passage is

[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
2. What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
3. Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
[B] Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
5. The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
[B] critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
19
Vocabulary
1. immunise 使免疫，使免除
2. expectation of life = life expectancy 平均壽命
3. versus = against 對頂，反對
4. mutilate 傷害
5. wilful 任性的，固執的
6. benign 寬厚的，仁慈的
7. condone 寬容
8. desecrate 褻瀆，玷污
9. code 法規，規定，慣例
10. stringent 嚴格的，緊急的，迫切的
11. performance 演出，成品，這裏是指 car’s behavior such as speed, function etc.可譯成行
為，汽車行為、功能等。
難句譯注
1. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【參考譯文】人和汽車對抗！這是一場人類永遠是輸家的無休止的戰鬥。
2. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【參考譯文】應當禁止所有強調力量和表現行為的廣告。
文章論述“交通事故”，採用因果、對比手法。從人的平均壽命增加和交通事故率成正比談起，
觸及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更嚴格的法規予以制止種種造成事故的不良行為。
答案詳解
1. D 只有更嚴格的交通法規才能制止交通事故。這在最後一段的結論中體現的最清楚。前面幾段只
是講造成事故的種種原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法規以減少無謂的生命浪費的時候
了。對於開車，有些國家的法規太鬆弛，甚至最嚴格的國家也不夠嚴格。世界公認之法律只可能
對交通事故率起大大降低的作用（有非常好的效果。）”這裏列出幾件要幹的事：“駕駛測試
應當標準化，比現在的要嚴格；所有死機每三年考核一次；年輕人駕車的允許年齡應提高到 21
歲；全部機動車每年都應經過嚴格的安全測試（測定其安全性）……這些步驟可能聽起來異常
嚴厲，可是，如果其結果事減少每年死傷人數的話，就不存在什麼太嚴格的事了。”
A. 主要是機動車死機造成的交通事故。B. 全世界每年有幾千人喪生。C. 有些國家的交通法規太
鬆弛。這三道答案都是文中談到某一點，不能作為中心目的。
2. D 社會寬容這種野蠻開車行徑。答案就在第三段：“令人驚訝的是社會對司機寬厚地笑笑，似乎
寬容他們的行為。一切都為他們的方便而幹。人們允許城市由於交通擁擠而幾乎不能居住了，大
型停車場把城鎮“弄得”醜陋不堪，公路網玷污了鄉村，每年大量的殺傷僅僅成為統計數字，
被很容易地忘記。 ”
A. 社會對司機笑容可掬。B. 大型停車場建在市和鎮上。C. 交通死難者等於零。這三項都只是第三
段的一個個具體事實。社會正是通過這一件件事來寬容司機野蠻開車，而造成事故。
3. A “他的車就是他個性的外延”這句話就體現了“開車表現他真正的自我，真實的個性”。第二
段講的很清楚：“這麼說完全正確：當一個人坐在方向盤後，他的車就成為他個性的外延。毫
20
無疑問，汽車常常表現了人之最壞的品質。平常很安詳愉快的人一坐在方向盤後可能就變得難
以認識。他們咒駡、行為差勁、好鬥、固執、任性得就像兩歲的孩子。他們所有隱藏的失落、失望和
忌妒感，似乎都在開車中暴露出來 ” 。
B. 表現他個性的另一面。 C. 表現了他的性格。 D. 他的車體現了他的脾氣秉性。只是表現自我中
的某個事實。
4. A 只有建更多高速公路。沒有提。
B. 更難的測試。C. 每三年對司機進行一次考察。D. 提高年齡段和制定安全條例。都提到。見第一
題譯注。
5. B 批評的態度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼籲各國制定嚴格的交通法規，
批評現有的交通法規鬆弛不嚴格，最後指出世界是人類的，不是摩托車的等等，都說明作者對
上述種種都具批評的態度。
A. 諷刺的。 C. 哀求的、呼籲的。 D. 富有戰鬥性的。
Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental
ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent
instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses,
horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more
distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston
lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten
miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute
there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost
every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban
sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the
borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were
plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the
possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago
region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land
around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the
growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of
small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased
and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines
and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago
is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population
growth.
1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
21
2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
3. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1. revise 改變
2. fabric 結構
3. catalyze 催化，加速
4. sort out 把……分門別類，揀選
5. omnibus 公共汽車/馬車
6. trolley （美）有軌電車，（英）無軌電車
7. periphery 周圍，邊緣
8. sprawl 建築物無計畫延伸，蔓延，四面八方散開
9. lot 小片土地
10. underscore 強調，在下面劃橫線
11. transit lines 運輸線路
12. subdivision （出售的）小塊土地，再劃分小區
文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會和經濟結構。”採用分類寫法。文章一開始就
提出三方面：第一，促進城市實質性的擴展；第二，把人和土地分民別類加以利用；第三，加速了
城市生活的不穩定性。然後就是三方面的具體內容。
答案詳解
1. D 公共交通運輸對城市擴展的影響。文章開門見山提出這一點“公共交通運輸從三個根本方面改
變了美國城市的社會和經濟結構。”後面文章內容就是三方面的具體化。
A. 公共交通運輸類型。 B. 城市生活的不穩定性。 C. 供需如何決定土地利用。這三項文中作為具
體問題提到，並不是文章涉及的主要題目。
2. C 說明公共交通改變了許多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“舉例說， 1850 年，波士頓市界離老的
商業地區幾乎不到 2 英里，到了這世紀末，其半徑擴至 10 英里。現在供得起的人們可以住得很
22
遠，遠離老的城市中心，仍然來回去那裏上班、購物和娛樂”。第七句，“舉例說，在 1890 至
1920 年期間，據記載，芝加哥市界內有約 250，000 個新的住宅樓區大多數設在郊區。經過同樣
這段時期，市區外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區內，又計畫建造了 550，000 個住宅樓區。”
A. 表示成長的正反兩方面效果。B. 舉有無公共交通運輸的城市為例。 D. 對比兩者成長率；都不
是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。
3. C 沒有計劃。見第二段第三句起“城市擴展蔓延根本無計畫，好幾千個小的投資商進行擴展，毫
不考慮相互協調配合利用土地，也不考慮未來土地利用。 ”
A. 太貴和 B.太慢，兩個選項，文內沒有提。D. 它創造了對公共交通運輸的需求。這不是住宅擴
展的一個缺點，而是三個根本改變城市的一個方面。見第一段第三句：“通過大量開發未占土
地擴建住宅，公共汽車、馬車、鐵路、來回火車，有軌電車把已有人定居的居住區向外擴展了三
四倍，比他們先現代時期的市中心更遠。”
4. C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子說明）土地開發超過人口增長速度。答案詳見第二段“這些購買
和置備土地建設住宅，特別是購置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線路和中產階層的
居民進去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創造一種需求，也是回應這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過程的
典型例子。那裏的房地產小塊土地比人口增長快得很多很多。 ”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地開發的樣板。 D. 具有優越的公共的交通系統。
Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge)

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and
politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest
way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found
incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do
my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you
have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes
across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a
lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little
room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every
addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance,
therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”
“But the Solar System! ” I protested.
“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while
my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I
naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant
man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as
being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the
deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary
expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according
to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as
infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that
23
until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a
necromancer.
“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a
great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the
science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long
enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.
1. What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?

[A]Praising.
[B]Critical.
[C]Ironical.
[D]Distaste.
2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?
[A]By deduction.
[B]By explanation.
[C]By contrast.
[D]By analysis.
3. What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?
[A]Learning what every body learned.
[B]Learning what was useful to you.
[C]Learning whatever you came across.
[D]Learning what was different to you.
4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary
1. Thomas Carlyle 湯瑪斯·卡萊爾 1795-1881 美國作家、歷史家、哲學家
2. jumble (up) 搞亂，使混亂
3. lay hand on (upon) sth. 抓住，找到
4. at best 最好的情況下
5. elbow out (off) 用胳膊肘擠出，推出
6. deuce = devil
what the deuce is it to me? 這裏表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理。義：這倒楣的詞兒與我有什麼關
係？
7. while away the time 消磨/打發時間
8. shrewdness 機敏，敏銳，犀利
9. far-fetched 牽強附會，不自然
10. fathom 看穿/透，推測，探索
11. infallible 一貫正確
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12. uninitiated 對某事無知的

13. Euclid 歐幾裏德（古希臘數學家）
14. necromancer 巫師
難句譯注
1. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be
useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty
in laying his hand upon it.
【結構簡析】主從句結構，主句 A fool … 後跟 lumber 的定從 that he comes across。從句 so that 中
有一 knowledge 的定從 which; or 鏈結前後兩個分詞 crowded out 與 jumbled up;但第一個 so that
從句又是後面 so that 的主句。
【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材（制傢俱）都拿進來。這樣，可能對他有用的知識都被擠
出去；最好的情況下，也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識。
2. Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an
observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way.
【結構簡析】並列句，連詞 and 後的句中有賓從 how much… 。
【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標題是“生命之書”。它想證明一個善於觀察的人通過對他經
歷到的一切事情都進行真正地系統地考察可以學到多少東西。
3. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he
had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
【結構簡析】複合主從句，so that 句型。So 句是倒裝。正常句型應為：His results would appear so
startling to the uninitiated that…，that 句中又是主從句，從句用 until 連接，中插 by which 定語從
句修飾 the processes 。
【參考譯文】他的結論對無知的人來說是那麼驚人，所以他們很可能認為他是個巫師，除非他們
學會了他用以得出結論的過程。
4. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and
patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it.
【結構簡析】並列句，nor 連接。前一句中有定語從句 which 修飾 one，後一句 nor 為否定詞。
【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術一樣，演繹分析科學是一種通過長期默默的研究，可以習得的學
問，而我們的生命並不長得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領域取得可能是臻美的成就。
這是一篇“傳記”，作者採用以反襯正的對比手法寫出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開明
宗旨“他的無知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無知，達到突出其有知的成就。兩方面
表達，一是福爾摩斯對無知的解釋：不能照單全收；二是作者的反對見解襯托福之才華超人，能一
滴水見大海。
答案詳解
1. A 讚揚。作者以無知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對批評觀點來證明人物的正確。否定及所謂
機刺旨在鋪墊。正反對比讚揚福之精明強悍，才智超人，洞察力強。
25
2. C 作者採用對比手法。
3. B 學習對你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇傢俱（知
識）塞滿空間，應選擇“有用之才”，免得填滿了廢物，把有用之才擠出去。
4. C 通過觀察和分析人會變得很敏銳。最後二段都是講福所寫文章的內容。善於觀察和分析的人可
以一眼看透人之本質，一點水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領是通過長期觀察、分析研究而得。
也就是說，通過觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因為萬物都有聯繫。
Passage ten(Antinuclear Demonstration)

Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to
break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000
demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant
scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration
said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the
pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe
in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for
disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so
overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.
Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and
no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “This project will begin on time and the
people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided
attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,” he said. And police called in
reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.
The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police
lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read “No Nukes is Good Nukes,”
“Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power,” and “Stop Private Profits from Public Peril.” They defied police order to
move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come
prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the
crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk
away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and
disturbing the peace.
1. What were the demonstrators protesting about?

[A] Private profits.
[B] Nuclear Power Station.
[C] The project of nuclear power construction.
[D] Public peril.
2. Who had gas-masks?
[A] Everybody.
[B] A part of the protestors.
[C] Policemen.
[D] Both B and C.
3. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration?
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[A] Public transportation.

[B] Public peril.
[C] Pollution.
[D] Disposal of wastes.
4. With whom were the jails and courts overloaded?
[A] With prisoners.
[B] With arrested demonstrators.
[C] With criminals.
[D] With protestors.
5. What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration?
[A] stubborn.
[B] insistent.
[C] insolvable.
[D] remissible.
Vocabulary
1. tear gas 催淚瓦斯
2. passively resisting protestor 不抵抗的抗議者
3. stage 發起，舉行，上演
4. break up 驅散，終止
5. cordon 警戒線，警戒
6. nuke （美俚）核武器，核電站
7. defy 公然蔑視/反抗
8. canister 罐，筒，榴霰彈筒
9. dislodge 趕走
10. charge 衝鋒，向前沖
11. trespass 非法侵入，擾亂
難句譯注
1. Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to
break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States.
【結構簡析】句中間用 in an attempt 介詞短語和 staged 分詞使句子變長。 Staged 修飾
demonstration 。
【參考譯文】星期五，再制止美國舉行過的最大的反核示威遊行中，警方發放了催淚瓦斯，逮捕
了 5000 多不拒捕的抗議者，企圖解散遊行隊伍。
2. The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police
lines around the cordoned-off construction site.
【結構簡析】主從句。
【參考譯文】星期五拂曉之前，當好幾千名示威者衝破警戒再核建設基地周圍的員警封鎖線時，
抗議示威開始了。
這是一則有關反對核電站的群眾示威抗議的新聞導報，採用對比手法。警方鎮壓；群眾堅決抗
議。第一段就寫出了儘管警方釋放催淚瓦斯，逮捕了 5000 多人，示威組織者申明抗議要繼續下去，
27
越來越多的抗議者參與對當局加壓，想迫使其廢除在當地建立核電站的計畫。其理由是在人口密集
地區建站不安全，在海灣產生熱污染，核廢料處理無有效方法。
第二段敍述了州長大人堅決維護核電站的立場，不再考慮計畫修改問題，三年內要完成核電站
建設。屆時，本州人民得益。對企圖破壞計畫實施而違法的人將以法處置。已集結全州員警加強對付
這次搗亂。
第三段講了雙方現場交戰：星期五破曉，數千示威者（高舉示威牌，上寫：沒有核電站就是好
的核電站；不要核能，要太陽能等）沖過建設基地員警警戒線，員警用催淚瓦斯無效後，開始一個
一個地抓逮示威者，被捕者將被控以非法集會、侵入和擾亂治安等罪名。
答案詳解
1. C 抗議建設核電站計畫。不是抗議核電站。至於
B. 核電站還未建，所以不對。A. 私人利益和 D. 公共危險，這些都是示威牌上之口號不是抗議
的主攻方向。
2. D 雙方。最後一段第四行最後和第五行“抗議者準備了他們自己的防毒面具或面罩。最後，頭戴
防毒面具和頭盔的員警沖進人群一個一個地抓逮示威者。”所以說兩方面都有防毒面具。
3. A 公共交通運輸。
B. 公共危險。 C. 污染。 D. 廢料處理，是三個抗議的理由。
4. B 被逮捕的示威者。第一段最後一行“示威要繼續下去直到州監牢和州法庭人滿為患，從而使州
司法體系垮臺。”說明示威者準備去坐牢，決不服輸的決心。而人多到監牢裝不下證明州司法的
問題。所以這裏只能是被抓的示威者。
A. 犯人。 C. 罪犯。D.抗議者。員警不可能抓所有的抗議者。關在牢裏的只能是被抓的示威者。
5. A 固執己見，冥頑不化。見第二段他堅持說核電站計畫不用再考慮，三年內一定要建成，計畫準
時開始，本州人民到時候就能獲益。對這些違法企圖破壞計畫的人依法懲處。並且從州內各處調
集員警來處理這次“騷亂”。從語言到行動都說明，這位州長固執己見，頑固得很。
B. 堅持的。 C. 不能解決的。 D. 可寬恕的。
Passage Eleven (Superconducting Materials)

The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the
decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the
least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that
may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook
pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and
ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the
molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the
microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such
qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called
Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or
corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating
rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used
in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch
28
and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved
amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-
pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways
to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of
graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been
proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry
telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than
a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove
difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to
move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?

[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超導陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及感測器
9. each punch and chop 每一個擊、打
29
10. blot 玷污，損害風景的東西

11. tinker 修補，調整
12. amendable 服從於，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個罐子的環狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可迴圈（使用的）
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉向
19. a new twist 一個新的觀點，方法
難句譯注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by
superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【參考譯文】材料科學，一度曾是最無吸引力（最不起眼）的技術，正以嶄新的，以超導陶瓷為
首的種種實用性發明綻開新顏。這種超導陶瓷可能會使電子技術徹底改變。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry
telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer
than a standard window pane.
【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標準。最新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃製成。這種玻
璃透明度極高，一片 100 英里厚的玻璃比一塊標準的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。
這是一篇介紹“超導材料”的論說文,採用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時代的材料
屬於超導，然後再提出三種超導材料，再逐一說明。
答案詳解
1. B 三種超導材料。答案再第一段最後一句“神奇的塑膠、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材
料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關鍵在於研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質的能力。舉
陶瓷為例，由於它的脆性，長期來應用範圍有限。但是通過改善導致脆性的微小缺陷，科學家
製造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑膠。“類似的轉折發生在
塑膠上，高強度的塑膠建成了橋樑、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發電的新型塑
膠用於電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑膠用於機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打。”後
面談及塑膠垃圾可以處理，或者製造可分解還原的塑膠製品。塑膠內加入其他化合物加強性能。
第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃製成，透明度極高，100 英里厚的
一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑膠、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物
工程和電腦一樣將改變世界。 ”
A. 把它們和新材料相比較，這裏不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用－－改變世界。
C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與 A 一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點。太籠
統。
3. A 轉折需要錢和時間。見最後一段“可是新材料只有製成產品才有影響，而這個轉折可能很困難，
因為轉折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這麼說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉變
成商品將決定一個國家之成敗。 ”
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B. 因為許多製造商不願改變他們的設備。C. 因為新材料的研究非常困難。 D. 轉折要華上十年時

間。這三項文內沒有涉及。
4. D 在超級材料時代已過之成功在於應用。
A. 在於研究。B. 在於投資。C. 在於革新。這三項都是應用的部分前提。其中 A 和 B 文內提到，C
項文內未涉及。
Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)

Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage
to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is
determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories
and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal
creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil
his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early
grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.
What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their
faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie
charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend
a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage
all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in
sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast
sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred
guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright
young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and
the goodwill of God.
Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for
one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible
concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food,
the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as
complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just
proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a
sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter
torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water
biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!
What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of
grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the
world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!
1. The best title for this passage is

[A] On Fat.
[B] We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy.
[C] Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat.
[D] Diet Deprives People of Normal Life.
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2. Why do they never see each other again?

[A] Because it is a memorable evening.
[B] Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants.
[C] Because she does not eat this and drink that.
[D] Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave.
3. Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?
[A] Doing exercises.
[B] Not eating sugar.
[C] Not eating fat.
[D] Taking sauna baths.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward diet?
[A] Persuasive.
[B] Critical.
[C] Indifferent.
[D] Adversative.
Vocabulary
1. ethereal 優雅的，飄渺的
2. sour 愁眉不展的
3. tummy 肚子
4. protrude 突出的，突起的
5. wage 作（戰），實行
6. all-out 全面的
7. sauna bath 桑拿浴
8. pummel = pommel 用拳頭連打
9. massage 按摩
10. weird 不可思議的，離奇的
11. monger 商人，販子
12. fad 一時流行的風尚
13. concoction 調製品，葷素混合菜，調和物
14. wonderfood 奇妙的食物
15. lash out 痛斥，鞭打
16. at a/one sitting 一口氣
17. munch 用力嚼
18. inflict 予以打擊，使遭受
19. slim 苗條的，不足取的，無價值的
文章論及“減肥及痛苦”。以先聲奪人的男女約會入手，引入減肥的痛苦過程：首先是各種減
肥的方法（全面戰鬥）；其次是痛苦的難熬；最後點出減肥的目的。號召人放棄減肥。三段式文章：
引言，正文和結論。以諷刺的筆調，步步深入的手法勸人放棄減肥，過愉快的生活。
答案詳解
1. B 我們都該長得胖乎乎，心情愉快。這是文章的目的，也是文章最佳標題。答案見最後一段：“
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這一切自我折磨為了什麼？聖潔的人們不吃飯菜是為了身材優美，不聖潔的人們不吃飯菜得到
的是痛苦。當世界上所有的節食者都拋棄這減輕體重顯得苗條的課程時當他們伸出盤子，要求
再來一份（第二份食物）時，這將是一個偉大的日子。 ”
A. 論脂肪。似乎有點兒接近文章的內容。但文章涉及到的各個方面並不是單講脂肪食品或飲食問
題。C. 許多疾病和脂肪有關。文內第一段提到這方面的問題。D. 節食剝奪了人們正常生活。文內提
到，但不是文章的總目的和內容。
2. D 吃脂肪食品早死。答案就在第一段“當他們來到飯店，他發現這位優雅的少女（飄逸的少女）
是個忌口節食者。決不能吃這個，一定不能喝那個。喔，當然，她不想掃他的興，讓他想吃多少
脂肪的食品就儘量吃。這是早早接近死亡的最有把握的途徑。”這裏傳遞兩點資訊。一個吃，一
個不吃已經是格格不入，再加上“多吃脂肪東西早死亡”姑娘怎能嫁他，他一個人吃而那位姑
娘瞧著，確實是難以忘懷的夜晚，他受得了？所以 D 是最接近不再見面的原因。
A. 因為這是一個值得紀念的夜晚。B. 她讓他愛吃多少脂肪食物就吃多少。C.因為她不吃這個也不
吃那個。這三項都是單獨的事實或情況。
3. B 不吃糖。答案再第二段第二句開始“他們大部分時間對食品都不屑一顧。他們永遠向熱量表討
教諮詢，照鏡子，跳到浴室的磅秤上稱重量。他們一聲都在向臀部大，肚子突出，雙下巴綻開
一個准輸無疑的戰鬥。有的對脂肪開展了全面戰鬥。光節食是不夠的，他們運動以消耗體重，洗
桑拿浴出汗，用奇異的機器按摩和擊打。 ”
A. 運動做操。C.不吃脂肪。D.洗桑拿浴。
4. B 批評的態度。這在第二、三段都有明顯的表示。第二段開始：“這些節食者是多麼可憐的一群人
啊！你總是可以從他們愁眉不展的表情上認出他們。”第二段倒數第四句開始：“這些真正有
錢的節食大款為健康治療支付大筆的款項。他們進到“自然門診”。兩個星期餓得要死，每星期
付一百畿尼。別以為僅僅是中年人參與這種時尚活動。你可以見到許多青年正由於長期營養不良
而遭罪。他們就靠空氣、水和上帝的善意而活著。”第三段，“節食者甘願忍饑挨餓，那麼他們
為什麼那樣難受悲慘呢？得，首先，他們總是感到饑餓。你不可能餓著肚子高興。他們吃的不是
食物，全是搭配好的東西，這永遠不能使他們滿意……”第三段倒數第三句“饑餓確實令他們
感到太受不了了。最終，他們破釜沉舟，一口氣就吞下了五大塊使人內疚的奶油蛋糕。誰能責怪
他們！他們一天至少三次面對引誘，老是看著別人大口吃著饞涎欲滴的食品，而你自己用力嚼
一口水餅乾和喝一口沒有甜味的檸檬汁。這是一種什麼樣的折磨啊！”
A.勸導的。 C.漠不關心。這兩項不對。D. 敵意的。不合適。
Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of
events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of
democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and
especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation
in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the
American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and
1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to
declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor”
speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and
the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The
33
conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich.
In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the
outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the
democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and
permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was
begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the
President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of
the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to
establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a
world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack
on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.
1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the
American public was
[A] the burning of the Reichstag.
[B] German plans for conquest.
[C] Nazi barbarism.
[D] the persecution of religious groups.
2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to
[A] help the British.
[B] strengthen the national defense of the United States.
[C] promote the Atlantic Charter.
[D] avenge Pearl Harbor.
3. American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being
[A] watchful.
[B] isolationist.
[C] peaceful.
[D] indifferent.
4. The Neutrality Act of 1939
[A] permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.
[B] antagonized Japan.
[C] permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.
[D] led to Lend-Lease Act.
5. We entered the war against Germany
[A] because Germany declared war.
[B] because Japan was an ally of Germany.
[C] after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.
[D] after peaceful efforts had failed.
Vocabulary
1. Reich 帝國，尤指第二次世界大戰前及大戰期間的德國
2. atrocity 兇殘，殘暴
3. belligerent 好戰的，交戰國的
34
4. discretion 判斷力，自行裁決，謹慎
5. empower 賦予……權力
6. embargo 禁運，封港
7. quarantine 停船檢疫，隔離，封鎖，使孤立
8. partition 分割，瓜分
9. menace 威脅，危險
10. repeal 廢除，取消
11. overage destroyer 舊式驅逐艦
12. unprovoked 無緣無故的，非因觸犯而發生的
13. Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14. Munich Pact 慕尼克公約
15. draft act 徵兵法
16. Lend Lease Act 租借法
17. Atlantic Charter 大西洋公約
18. Pearl Harbor 珍珠港
文章講述了第三帝國成立，美國由中立到宣戰的一段歷史。採用按年代先後進行敍述的寫作手
法。文章一開始就點明主題：“第三帝國的成立影響了美國歷史，從一系列事情開始，最終導致德
國和美國交戰。”
答案詳解
1. A 帝國大廈焚毀，眾所周知，這是納粹希特勒精心策劃的一次政治陰謀，旨在迫害德國共產黨。
B. 德國征服計畫。C. 納粹之殘暴。D. 迫害宗教團體。在文中都提到。見第一段第二句“民主的全
面摧毀、對猶太人的迫害、摧殘宗教、納粹的殘忍和野蠻，特別是德國及其盟國意、日、征服世界
的計畫激起美國極大憤怒，也帶來了對又一次世界大戰的恐懼。”
2. B 加強美國國防。見第二段導數第五句“1941 年的租借法規定：總統對他認為保衛美國所需要
的國家有權賣給、交換或借給他們物資。 ”
A. 幫助英國，不對。C. 促進大西洋公約。大西洋公約是 1941 年 8 月，羅斯福和邱吉爾會面後的
聯合公告。D. 報復珍珠港。是 1941 年日本發起襲擊的報復。
3. B 與世隔絕。這在第一段第三句“美國人民雖然反對希特勒的兇殘等事，他們一般還是喜歡孤立
（與世隔絕的）政策和保持中立。1933 年和 1936 年的中立條約規定：禁止和交戰國雙方貿易和
借貸。 ”
A. 觀察的。C. 和平的。D. 不正確的。
4. A 允許把武器賣給交戰國。答案在第二段第六句“1939 年的中立條約取消了武器禁運，允許進
行現鈔交易出口武器給交戰國。 ”
B. 和日本敵對。C. 允許英國只能和其盟國貿易。D. 導致租借條約。
5. A 因為德國宣戰。這在第一段已有說明。儘管希特勒壞事做盡，美國還是傾向于中立政策。第二段
羅斯福在芝加哥的演講，態度稍有改變。嚴厲批評希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立為主。1941 年日
本襲擊珍珠港，不久德國宣戰，美國才不得不參戰。
Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)

Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting
important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex
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geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific
measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where
potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field
of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven
separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a
concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two
very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by
an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas
is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the
West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster
of island.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the
mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter.
Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that
descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty
of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry
valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are
spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by
100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of
hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak
up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
1. What is the best title for this passage?

[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.
[B] Antarctica: Earth’s Early-Warning station.
[C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.
[D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.
2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?
[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.
[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.
[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.
[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.
3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?
[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.
[B] It rarely snows.
[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
[D] Sand dunes.
4. Which of the following is true?
[A] The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
[B] The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
[C] The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.
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[D] The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Vocabulary
1. distant-early-warning sensor 遠距離早期報警感測器
2. plateau 高原，高地
3. slash 揮砍
4. blast 一陣疾風/狂風
5. vicious 邪惡的，凶魔般的
6. gorge 峽谷
7. ripple 起伏，使起微波
8. sand dune 沙丘
9. verdant 綠色
10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11. aura 氣氛
難句譯注
1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where
potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.
【結構簡析】 see … as 把 … … 看作。 Where 定從修飾 Antarctic 。
【參考譯文】因此，越來越多的科學家把南極洲視為一個遠距離早期報警敏感器，在那裏地球許
多潛在的危險動向早在它們出現於北方以前就能發現。
2. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain
東指的使印度正南的這一部分。或山移動的那部分洲。
3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
應譯為：與地球格格不入的一種荒涼隔絕的氣氛。或與世隔絕的一種荒涼氣氛。
這是一篇有關南極洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。採用因果，點面結合寫法。首先提出：由於
南極洲遠離污染，又不同於其他任何地方，普遍存在著複雜的地質和生態環境，所以這塊地方就可
能得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學測量結果。它成了監察世界環境變化的觀察哨和空間站，後面幾段就
寫了進行考察的方面和結果。
答案詳解
1. A 南極洲和環境問題。
B. 南極洲：地球最早的報警戰。C.南極洲：獨一無二的觀察哨。D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項都
是總內容眾的組成部分。
2. D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成
情況各異的兩個地區。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原；山脈以西，
即美洲以南的半個大陸也為冰層所覆蓋。可是，這裏冰層覆蓋在大大低於海平面的岩石。如果西
南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。 ”
A. 大陸西部將小時。B. 大陸西部縮小。 D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。
3. C 因為地球變暖和狂風勁吹。在第四段：“……這些幹穀甚至在寒冬季節也很少有冰雪。它們插
在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為 9000 英尺的冰河。現在冰
河已不存在，很可能是冰期之後一萬年間地球變暖的結果。即使落入幹穀的雪也被從極地高原
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咆哮入海的邪惡狂風吹散了。留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時速一百英
里的大風雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。 ”
A. 邪惡的狂風吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項只是幹穀現象的一部分。
4. C 他們可能為地球上綠色地區帶來了希望的資訊。答案是第五段第一句“儘管幹穀具有神秘的一
面，科學家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的資訊。”
A.幹穀內什麼都沒有留下。B. 幹穀內從沒有冰河。D. 按照科學家的看法，幹穀毫無用處。
Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)

Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of
members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you
wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents
in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children – conditions which they
themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full
of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip
future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men
and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone
entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys
and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest
years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic
ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a
practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male
parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the
argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel
that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls
into its proper place.
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys
don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations
to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of
living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails,
piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and
unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and
emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational
environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is
hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are
fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping
with many of the problems that face men and women.
1. What is the best title for this passage?

[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.
[B] people are in great need of co-education.
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[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.

[D] co-education has many features.
2. what does co-education offer to children?
[A] A society.
[B] A true small model of society.
[C] A real life.
[D] True version of social condition.
3. According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?
[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.
[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.
[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.
[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.
4. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
[A] They live together and know each other too well.
[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.
[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.
[D] They are familiar with each other’s problems.
Vocabulary
1. to be in for = receive 接受
He is in for punishment. 他受到懲罰。
2. miniature 縮樣，雛形，微型畫
3. freckle 雀斑
4. pigtail 鞭子
5. knobbly = knobby 多節的
6. unkempt 亂七八糟，蓬亂的
7. sharp focus = clear view
bring into focus 使集中在焦點上，對光
bring into sharp focus 這裏的意義是：一目了然，明顯突出
8. deviation 越軌，偏離，入歧途
難句譯注
1. all the more
越發，格外。
2. a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.
【參考譯文】男女合校至少給孩子提供了一個社會真正縮影。
3. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional
problems involved in growing up.
【參考譯文】棘手的青春期把成長過程中出現的某些身體上合感情上的問題清晰地擺出來。
文章論及“男女合校制的優越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”採用因果、對比寫法。首先假設單一性
別社會，人所不能容忍，那單一性別的學校培養的人又怎能適應社會。因為社會是男女組成的。然後
分別對比合校和分校的優缺點。比較合校的優點，分校的缺點，最後得出結論：之後合校的學生，
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在離校進入社會，已做好一切準備，而不會感到震驚，因為他們已有好幾年的經驗，會處理面臨男
女的許多問題。
答案詳解
1. C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育簡直難以想像。答案見第一段“設想請你在一個只有你一樣性
別的人存在的社會生活 12 年光景，你會如何反應呢？除非你本人確實有毛病，否則，你至少不
會太高興。因此，世界上有那麼多的父母願意把這種不正常的環境（他們自己一分鐘都受不了
的環境）強加給他們的孩子們，這太令人驚訝！”第二段講“教育的目的之一就是為未來的公
民在成人社會中找一席之地，準備好需要的一切。而社會由男女組成，那分校又怎能準備？”
後兩段講合校之優點，分校之缺點，具體對比突出主題。這都說明 C 最合適。
A. 只有合校才能和社會相協調。D. 合校有許多特點。這兩項文章內容涉及到，但作為最佳標題則
不確切。B. 人們非常需要合校。文內沒有直接談到。
2. B 一個真實社會的縮影。這在第三段第一句“男女合校確實能給孩子們提供一個社會真實的縮影。
”下面的內容都是圍繞這個主題而寫的具體情況。如：生活在一起，彼此瞭解，對比等。
A. 社會。C. 一種真實的生活。D. 真實的社會情況。都沒有 B 項那樣確切。
3. C 為未來公民在社會上擁有一席之地，準備好所需要的一切。這在第二段“這個話題的討論必然
會引出教育目的的問題。把各種知識塞進孩子頭腦遠不是教育主要的目的，教育的主要目的之
一是為未來公民在成人社會求得一席之地，準備好所需一切。 ”
A. 學生學到只是。B. 以科技武裝未來公民。C.為學生缺德學術成就。都只是知識學習的一個部分。
4. B 幾年學校共同生活打消了幻想。答案在第四段中,“在學校中，幾年生活在一起消除這一類的幻
想。沒有什麼臉上有雀斑，梳著鞭子，塗著指甲，尖的噪音的女神，也沒有膝部有疙瘩，指甲
髒兮兮，頭髮亂蓬蓬的浪漫英雄。棘手的青春期明顯呈現出來的成長過程中身體上和感情上的
問題，在男女合校環境中得到很好的解決。 ”
A. 他們生活在一起，彼此太瞭解。此答案太過，不是太瞭解而不產生幻想，而是瞭解情況；真
人就在眼前，人就實際了，消除了幻想。C. 合校鼓勵他們對生活有一種健康積極的態度。這是合
校的大方向，不是消除幻想的根本原因。D. 他們熟悉彼此的問題。不全是消除幻想之因，而是處
理問題的前奏。這在最後一段最後兩句話有說明“當學生離校的時刻來到時，他們已是很有適
應性的成人，為進入社會做好了充分準備。他們已有幾年處理面臨男女的許多問題的經驗。”
Passage Sixteen (Mules)

Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry,
especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A
mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in
touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be
told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming
through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at
the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes
through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier,
several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be
picked out.
Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization,
for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing
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weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long
flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a
comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before
their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often
than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually
handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night
before.
Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a
syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones.
Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting
money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing” –
for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. When he got to London’s Heathrow
Airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90,000 in cash, destined for
Frankfurt. Just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. When they landed at
Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet, opened the case, and
found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the
police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it.”
1. What is a “mule”?
[A] A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule.
[B] A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.
[C] A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.
[D] A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.
2. The sentence “if he is blown” in line (6) is closest in meaning to
[A] if he is arrested.
[B] if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested.
[C] if he is recognized and arrested.
[D] if he runs away.
3. Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?
[A] To show how a smuggler is caught.
[B] To show a smuggler is afraid of the police.
[C] To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.
[D] To show mules may keep the profit for themselves.
4. how does a mule work?
[A] Jointly.
[B] Independently.
[C] consciously.
[D] Separately.
Vocabulary
1. fry 小魚群，小生物群。這裏的 small fry 是指辛迪加之子公司，小走私
集團或走私者
2. sit tight 穩坐不動，堅持下去，這裏指一直坐等著，等到有人來和他聯繫。
3. blown 欠賬的，被炸毀的。這裏指走私分子“出事”
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4. write off 銷賬，被勾銷的項目。這裏指把出事的騾子從名單上勾掉。

5. written off as a loss 作為損失銷賬。
6. embark (on) 開始搞，從事，上船。
7. grip 緊握
8. high up 高處，這裏指高一級走私人
9. fix thing 這裏指“擺平事情”，解決問題
10. beat 踏上
11. switch 轉變，調換
難句譯注
1. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the
next link in the chain.
【結構簡析】條件句
【參考譯文】這樣，一旦在他通過機場檢查處時出事，他不可能愚蠢地把檢查事務官引到鎖鏈的
下一個環節。
2. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so
that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing
what they are carrying.
【結構簡析】主從句。主句中分詞斷語 wearing 修飾 trainee。從句中 and 連接兩組介詞短語，後有一
賓語從句 what they are carrying 。這實際上是 with(without) +v-ing+object 基本句型。
【參考譯文】在那裏，走私者衣服下穿著裝有東西的厚厚的走私背心，連續幾個小時坐著，所以
他們在長時間飛行後，能習慣于很自然地站起來而不暴露他們身上攜帶的一切。
3. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm
grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out
for the airport in the morning.
【結構簡析】句子結構複雜。Where 定語從句修飾 apartment，從句中 and 連接兩個謂語動詞，後面
又用分毫隔開另一句分句。
【參考譯文】布魯塞爾一家走私集團長期包了一套舒適的公寓。在那裏走私分子可以休息，在第
一次上路前的夜晚，好好控制下自己；早上出發去機場前，有人幫他們穿好衣服。
這是一篇介紹走私分子（綽號為騾子）的文章，採用一般到具體的寫作手法。先從走私集團對
具體走私分子實行單線，單方面聯繫，分配任務，以免他被逮住後出賣更多的人，危及走私集團。
接貨地點的人根據各集團自製的識別標誌“會員聯繫信號帶”和走私者聯繫。隨後是具體培訓走私
分子，防範措施及出岔子等一般面謝佐以具體例子作說明，如：貝魯特走私集團培訓和從倫敦運送
美金到法蘭克福的事件。
答案詳解
1. C mule ，騾子是為走私集團交貨人的稱呼，綽號。
A. 是為走私集團具體運送走私貨物的人。只運送，不交貨不能成為騾子。B.負責走私貨物的人。
也不對，負責者不一定運送和交貨。D.從走私者那裏接受指示的人。更不對。
2. B blown 原義為：欠賬了的，被炸毀的，壞了等。這裏指：走私分子在過海關，機場檢查處出事，
不一定被逮捕。
A.逮捕。C.認出，逮捕。D.逃跑。都不符合 blown 原義。
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3. D 說明走私分子會把利益歸己。最後一段第一句“有時，走私分子帶著貨物逃跑，把利益歸己”。
走私集團為防範此事，常常派遣高級人物監視走私人，特別是新走私者，也於事無補。這段的
具體例子：“走私者和委託人同機飛行，到法蘭克福機場，9 萬美金也是不翼而飛，走私者已
經撈到手。 ” 就是說明走私者可以為自己留下財路。
A.走私者被捕之事，例子中沒有提及。B.走私者不去警察局報案，並不易定是害怕警察局，而是
報不了。C.監督毫無用處。是副線。
4. D 單個幹。這在第一段一開始就點明：“走私商的上層人物（頭面人物）必須一起工作，而大多
數辛迪加的小組織，特別是走私分子，他們只知道他們的直接聯繫人。一旦他們被逮捕，就沒
有什麼可以出賣的。一個騾子甚至連給他指示的人的姓名都不知道，也不知道如何和此人聯繫
” 。
A.共同幹。B.獨立幹，走私分子不是獨立，大多數是在監督之下。C.有意識地幹，上下都是有意
識地幹。
Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program)

President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It
provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes
designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into
unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They
want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of
protective tariffs.
The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program.
They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy,
let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a
matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to
master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the
world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it
will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or
access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of
technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that
a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that
will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to
restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the President’s program is on

[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
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[C] They want to rebuild industry.

[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editor’s attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties’ objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5. The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1. reverse 逆轉
2. slide 滑坡
3. plague 瘟疫；折磨，困擾
4. tariff 關稅
5. decry 譴責，詆毀
6. lever 杠杆；用杠杆撬動
7. crux 癥結
8. ideologue 空想家，思想家
9. intact 原封不動的，完整無損的
10. investment credit 投資信貸
11. research grant 研究基金
難句譯注
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits
that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【參考譯文】這對扭轉經濟滑坡；滑到失業高，增長少和已經困擾經濟達 6 年之久貿易赤字來說
是必要的。
這是一則有關總統向國會提交的經濟計畫評論。作者採用對比手法來突出其計畫之正確性，第
一段就講了計畫的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經濟滑坡，提高美國工業競爭力。
第二、三兩段敍述了計畫遭兩方面的反對，總統黨內的右翼要求更強硬，更直接的行動，而共
和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點稅收都予以譴責。
第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經濟問題的獨特性質。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術的人
44
大量增產，而不能採用新技術的人面臨在世界經濟中成為二等公民的危險。工業不能達到先進水平，
就不能有效地競爭，那麼任何保護主義或進入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術優勢的經驗和利
潤的再投資，工業經濟只能依然落後于外國競爭對手。
最後一段點出總統計畫的要點就是工藝技術。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設計畫。如果
我們不能重建經濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。
答案詳解
1. C 工藝技術。最後一段第一句“問題的癥結就在於工藝技術，這就是總統計畫的要點所在。”第
四段：“對掌握新技術的人來說，新技術使他們大大增產，而新技術對不能掌握它的人來說，
在世界經濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那麼任何政府保
護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術優勢的利潤和經驗再投資，工業只
能進一步落後于國外競爭對手。”這些都說明總統計畫的重點再工藝技術。
A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統計畫的涉及面。B.經濟。太籠統了。
2. A 更直接行動。第二段“總統的黨內幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入（稅收）
政策來制止通貨膨脹；聯邦財政在關稅保護下，幫助重建工業。 ”
B.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業。D.保護關稅牆。都只是他們要求中的不分內容，不完整。
3. A 支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。
B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調和妥協。
4. D 歪曲。最後一段第二句：“其危險不在於計畫將不被通過，而在於左和右的思想理論家們用修
正案來歪曲提案，使計畫要點蒙塵模糊不清，經濟重建計畫應原封不動地通過。”這是作者的
態度，也是他所擔心之處。
A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計畫的不同看法。C.它的通過。
5. D 社論。
A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關國內外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣
告。
Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)

If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial
troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you
of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn’t make
you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is
raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few
governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on
television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to
smoky, cancerous death.
You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so
lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It’s almost like a tax on
our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its
entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may,
conceivable, be harmful, it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it.
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in
vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are
45
spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives
are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned
altogether.
Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were
honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti-smoking
campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its
advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their
lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven
young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the
great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!
For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then
conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places
like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of
the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning – say, a picture of a death’s head – should
be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if
governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.
1. Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?

[A] because they are afraid of people.
[B] Because diseases cost a lot.
[C] Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.
[D] Because they are afraid of manufacturers.
2. The tone of this passage is
[A] critical.
[B] ironical.
[C] distaste.
[D] amusing.
3. What does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean?
[A] you are backed by the government.
[B] You are not alone.
[C] You have good colleagues.
[D] Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.
4. What is the best title of this passage?
[A] World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.
[B] World governments take timid measures against smoking.
[C] smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.
[D] tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.
Vocabulary
1. a wishful thinking 根據願望的想法，不顧事實的想法
2. puff 噴
puff its way to 一路吞雲吐霧走向（指抽煙抽到死）
3. lukewarm 冷淡/漠然
4. insidious 陰險的，狡猾的
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5. virile 年富力強的
這是一篇“要求政府禁煙”的論說文，採用因果對比手法。先以諷刺口吻指出政府對禁煙的態
度――軟弱無力。然後點明軟弱的原因――大量稅收。再以抽煙大嚴重後果，機器所花去的錢說明得
不償失。而煙草工業廣告氾濫，毒化人們。從而提出政府應從禁止煙廣告作起。
答案詳解
1. C 因為他們害怕收入減少。答案見第二段。“你不用看得很遠就能發現為什麼官方對醫學成果的
反應如此冷淡，答案就是錢。煙草是徵稅的最奇妙的商品，幾乎就像日用麵包的稅收。光煙草稅
收一項，英國政府就從抽煙人身上征到足以支付整個教育措施的費用。所以在當局那麼謹慎地
指出吸煙有害時，可以想像，喊叫得太響時不行的。 ”
A.他們害怕人民。D.他們害怕廠商。文中沒有。B.疾病花費很大和軟弱無力的禁煙措施有關。不是
花費大而採取弱政策。
2. B 諷刺語氣。特別表現在第一段、第四段。
A.批評語氣，整篇文章都在批評，這不是什麼語氣問題。這裏時以諷刺的口吻加以批評政府軟弱
的禁煙政策。C.厭惡。D.有趣。
3. D 政府對吸煙的惡果也是視而不見。
A.政府支持。太明朗化。B.你不是單獨一人。和 C.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。這可以上下
文說明，第一段：“假如你吸煙，依然認為吸煙和支氣管炎、心臟病、肺癌等毫無關係，那你是
自欺欺人。可沒有人會說你虛偽。我們可以說你是患有一廂情願病。這你無需太難受，因為你有
好夥伴。每當提出吸煙和健康有關的問題時，大多數國家的政府對其惡果視而不見、聽而不聞、
嗅而不覺。”
4. A 世界各國政府應該開展眼裏的禁煙運動。因為前面四段都是現象：⑴政策軟弱。如英國政府只
在電視上禁止煙草廣告以高位人們的良知。另一方面人民繼續一路吞雲吐霧走到癌症死亡。⑵講
煙草的稅收高，所以不嚴禁。⑶這項政策的後果是疾病花費大於煙草稅收。⑷煙草廣告氾濫毒害
人。唯一解救的辦法就是禁煙。最後一段是結論，也是畫龍點睛的主題和標題。“作為起步，政
府可以從禁止煙草廣告開始，然後應開展抵制吸煙的廣告運動。一切公共場合，如戲院、電影院、
返點等應禁止吸煙。應竭盡全力告誡青年，尤其是告誡他們染上惡習的嚴重後果。在零賣的每包
煙盒上應有一令人膽戰心驚的警告：例如，一幅骷髏頭畫像。作為個人，我們力量薄弱，可是
如果政府真誠地鼓舞人心的行動起來，他們可以保護我們。 ”
B.世界各國政府採取禁煙政策軟弱無力。C.吸煙是許多國家重要收入。這兩項是不分具體內容。D.
煙草工廠在醫療研究上花了大筆費用。
Passage Nineteen (TV’s Harmfulness)

Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this!
Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like
without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy
our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to
entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres,
cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast
talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We
47
rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting
at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of
beer will do – anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands and
obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a
programme, he is quickly silenced.
Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and
sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children
quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will
watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence – so long as they are quiet.
There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes
vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep
pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the
whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate
communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures
and the spoken word.
Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so
easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real
world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out
into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from
communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living
when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural
surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.
1. What is the biggest harm of TV?

[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.
[B] People become lazy.
[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.
[D] TV consumes a large part of one’s life.
2. In what way can people forget TV?
[A] Far away from civilization.
[B] To a mountain.
[C] By the sea.
[D] In quiet natural surroundings.
3. What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?
[A] Let them watch the set.
[B] Put them in the living room.
[C] Let them watch the rubbish.
[D] Let them alone.
4. What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean?
[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.
[B] We become addicted to TV.
[C] What we used to do is different from now.
[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.
48
Vocabulary
1. goggle 轉動眼珠，瞪眼
goggle box （英俚）電視機
2. gulp 狼吞虎嚥
3. telly 電視機
4. pacifier 平息者，撫慰者。這裏指平靜人，使人不吱聲的東西。
5. rubbishy 垃圾的，無價值的
6. sadism 施淫虐
7. glue 膠（水）；粘牢
glue to the sets 和電視機粘在一起，指成了電視迷
8. hypnotic 催眠的
難句譯注
1. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.
【參考譯文】世界上可以獲得的創造性才能的數量是有限的。
這是一篇論說“電視有害”的文章。採用對比分析手法。先提出問題，對比過去和現在“過去在
業餘時間，我們享受文明的歡樂，有各種嗜好，招待朋友，訪友，外出娛樂，在家讀書聽音樂……
現在一切受電視支配。匆忙趕回家，狼吞虎嚥地吃完飯為的是準時看某個電視節目。只要不干擾節目，
吃什麼都可以！一塊三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看時，誰都不許說話，完全沒有了過去的那種悠閒，
坐在一起吃晚飯，相互交談白天的一切。”
然後列出電視種種惡果：整個幾代人成了電視迷，連孩子也不能倖免，電視消耗了大量的創造
性工作，人們成為以來電視生存的人，被動娛樂，制止我們和真實世界交流。
最後結論：到大自然去，忘掉電視。
答案詳解
1. A 它剝奪了人們和真實世界的聯繫。文章多次提到現在我們不能探親訪友，一家人互不交流，而
一旦離開電視就進入了真是世界。
B. 人變懶。C. 人們變得依賴二手經驗。D. 電視浪費了人生的大量時間。這三項只是危害重具體一
個組成部分。
2. D 在安寧的大自然的懷抱中。答案在最後一段最後一句“在安詳寧靜的大自然環境中，我們很快
發現我們對催眠的電視暴君連想都不怎麼想！ ”
A. 遠離文明。B.去山上。C.在海邊。
3. A 叫他們看電視。這在第二段第三句起“電視是一個萬能安靜器。母親為使孩子們安靜，就把他
們放在起居室內，打開電視看。這是現在最權威的一招。至於孩子們看的使垃圾般的商業廣告，
還是施淫虐或暴力片都無關緊要，只要他們安靜不鬧。 ”
B.把他們擱在起居室。C.讓他們看垃圾片。都是其中的具體一部分。D.讓他們呆著。沒有提到。
4. B 我們都成了電視迷。第一句“是的，可是沒有電視之前，我們常幹些什麼？”這說明人們已經
習慣於電視，以來電視，到了沒有電視怎麼辦的境地。不知道沒有電視前的情況。第二段“整個
幾代人越來越迷上了電視，飯不吃，家務不幹，不睡覺。”可以說整篇文章都描寫了人們對電
視迷戀，依賴。第一句話是引言。所以 B 對。
A. 難以消遣。只是人們的一種感受。C.過去和現在不同。是一種對比，並沒有點出這句話的真正
內涵。D.享受文明歡樂。是過去所作的一個具體例子。
49
Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control)
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits
exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid
down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more
than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and
few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian
politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area
north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success:
Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But
the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy
could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent
employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist
industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear
altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not
make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many
of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen
who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to
the sea.
1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.
[B] slow down the rate of its development.
[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.
[D] develop more quickly than at present.
2. The Norwegian Government has tried to
[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.
[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.
[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.
[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.
3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to
[A] the development of industry.
[B] a growth in population.
[C] the failure of the development programme.
[D] the development of new towns.
4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be
[A] a large reduction on unemployment.
[B] a growth in the tourist industry.
[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.
50
[D] the development of a number of service industries.

5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because
[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.
[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.
[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.
[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.
Vocabulary
1. Norwegian 挪威的；挪威人
2. coastline 海岸線
3. recognition 承認；認識；讚賞
4. countryside 鄉下；鄉民
難句譯注
1. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production
limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been
allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.
【結構簡析】用兩個分號連接三句句子。
【參考譯文】一條新的法律限制人們僅在長長的海岸線南端以南地區進行勘探考察；規定了石油
生產限量（雖然已提高）；石油公司雇傭外國工人不許超出限定額。
2. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service
industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.
【參考譯文】由於將近百分之一百就業率，每個人都能看出形式發展中服務行業和旅遊行業的大
部分工人會跑到石油工業方面去。
3. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it,
because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially
Norwegian.
【結構簡析】複合句。在 because 狀語從句中 that 是定語從句修飾 qualities 。
【參考譯文】雖然農民和漁民並不占人口的絕大多數，可是他們都是人口的重要組成不分，因為
挪威人在他們身上看到許多他們自豪地認為是挪威人的基本品質。
文章論述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工業”。採用對比寫法。先提出政府新政策的種種限制。但石
油工業有辦法對付。人們都認為限制難以長久。其次講述，從戰時起，挪威政府一直執行開發北極圈
北部地方的發展規劃，也取得成功。但石油工業已經開始向南方進軍，北方政策可能會失敗。石油工
業之影響超出北方，有些企業縮小，減少。最後一段是講爭論的焦點：石油對挪威生活方式構成了
威脅，具體表現在對挪威理想的代表――漁民和農民的威脅。
答案詳解
1. B 減慢發展速率。文章開始就闡明挪威政府正竭盡全力把石油工業控制起來，制定新法律來限制
勘探開採，限制產量，限制雇傭外國工人人數。
A. 為外國工人提供更多的工作。C.賣掉正在國外生產的石油。D.比現在發展更快。
2. D 使石油工業保持在接近現在的規模。
A. 鼓勵石油公司去發現新石油資源。B.制止石油公司雇傭來自挪威北方的人。C.幫助石油公司解
51
決許多問題。
3. C 發展規劃的失敗。這在第二段最後一句：“可是石油工業已經開始把人們吸引到南方去，所以
不出幾年，整個北方政策可能成泡影。 ”
A.工業發展。B.人口增長。D.新城市的發展。文內沒有涉及。
4. C 現存工業數的減少。第三段開始“可是石油工業的影響並不僅僅限於北方。近百分之一百的就
業率，使每個人都見到發展的勢頭，服務業和旅遊業的好多工人轉向石油工業。某些較小的工
業，在從國外購進貨物更便宜的情況下，很可能會全部消失。”這說明工業數減少。
A.大大減少失業。B.旅遊行業增長。D.許多服務公司發展。文內沒有提。
5. B 他們的生活和價值代表了挪威人的理想。
A.他們組成了那麼大一部分挪威理想。C.他們的工作對挪威社會的其他方面非常有用。D.他們認
為石油是對挪威生活方式的威脅。最後一段第一句話：“對石油真正的爭論點是它對挪威生活
方式的一種威脅。”並不是他們認為威脅。
52

英語100篇精讀薈萃（基礎篇）

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英語100篇精讀薈萃（基礎篇）

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英語 100 篇精讀匯粹（基礎篇）【type by simon（8029）】

Passage one（The only way to travel is on foot）

1 、 Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because

D People want to sleep during travelling.

The only way to travel is on foot 旅遊的唯一方法是走路

Passage two (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)

Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)

1. What is main idea of this passage?

1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means

Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)

1. What is the most important factor in their doing business?

Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.

1. The author states that many educators feel that

Passage seven(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)

1. The main idea of this passage is

Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)

1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge)

1. What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?

12. uninitiated 對某事無知的

Passage ten(Antinuclear Demonstration)

1. What were the demonstrators protesting about?

[A] Public transportation.

Passage Eleven (Superconducting Materials)

1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?

10. blot 玷污，損害風景的東西

B. 因為許多製造商不願改變他們的設備。C. 因為新材料的研究非常困難。 D. 轉折要華上十年時

Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)

1. The best title for this passage is

2. Why do they never see each other again?

Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)

1. What is the best title for this passage?

[D] The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.

Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)

1. What is the best title for this passage?

[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.

Passage Sixteen (Mules)

4. write off 銷賬，被勾銷的項目。這裏指把出事的騾子從名單上勾掉。

Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program)

1. The focus of the President’s program is on

[C] They want to rebuild industry.

Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)

1. Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?

Passage Nineteen (TV’s Harmfulness)

1. What is the biggest harm of TV?

1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

[D] the development of a number of service industries.

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