Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Measurement
Sensors
sensors.ppt Page 1
Who is Wilcoxon Research?
sensors.ppt Page 2
Who is Wilcoxon Research
sensors.ppt Page 3
Wilcoxon Research Today
sensors.ppt Page 4
Basic Vibration Sensors
sensors.ppt Page 5
Eddy Current Probe Fabrication
sensors.ppt Page 6
Eddy Current Probe - How It Works
sensors.ppt Page 7
Eddy Current Probe
sensors.ppt Page 8
sensors.ppt Page 9
Eddy Current Specifications
sensors.ppt Page 10
Fabrication of Electrodynamic Velocity Sensor
sensors.ppt Page 11
Types of Accelerometers
➤ Piezoelectric
– Charge mode
– Internally amplified
➤ Strain Gauge
➤ Piezoresistive
➤ Variable Capacitance
➤ Others
sensors.ppt Page 12
Piezoelectric Accelerometers
Mo unting
➤ Measures Acceleration Co nn e c to r
Am plifie r S c re w
P ie zo c e ram ic
➤ Velocity or Displacement
S e is m ic
Output Available Mas s
Co nne c to r
Mo unting Bas e
➤ Very Sensitive 2339b
➤ Contacting S e is m ic Ma s s
Am plifie r
P ie zo c e ra m ic s
23 3 9a
Frequency Ba s e
2208a - R1
sensors.ppt Page 13
Piezoelectric Accelerometer - How It Works
(and acceleration)
Mo unting
Bas e
➤ Electronics convert charge output into 2339a
voltage output
sensors.ppt Page 14
Operational Range
sensors.ppt Page 15
Vibration vs. Frequency
1,000
➤ Very Little Vibration
100 Displacement (mils pp)
Amplitude in terms of
10 Acceleration is Produced
EU 1.0
at Low Frequencies
(mils pp)
(ips)
(g) 0.1
➤ Much Larger Amplitudes
Velocity (ips)
are produced in terms of
.01 Displacement
Acceleration (g)
.001
.0001
.1 1 10 100 1,000 Hz
.6 60 600 6,000 60,000 cpm
FREQUENCY 1607-R1
sensors.ppt Page 16
Eddy Probe
Advantages Disadvantages
➤ Low frequency response ➤ Difficult to install
(to 0 Hz) ➤ Practical limits of high
➤ Can measure relative frequency displacement
displacement measurement
➤ Useful as a key phasor ➤ Calibration dependent
for dynamic balancing & on shaft material
analysis ➤ Shaft runout / glitch
➤ Reliable if property produces false signals
installed and maintained
sensors.ppt Page 17
Electrodynamic Velocity Transducer
Advantages Disadvantages
➤ No external powering ➤ Not useful for very
➤ Powerful signal Output low frequency
sensors.ppt Page 18
Internally Amplified Accelerometer
Advantages Disadvantages
➤ Very wide frequency ➤ Not responsive to 0 Hz
➤ Wide amplitude range ➤ Internal Amplifier
➤ Broad temperature limits temperature
range
➤ Velocity or
displacement output
available
➤ Rugged, industrial
design
sensors.ppt Page 19
Low Frequency
Accelerometer Considerations
➤ Low Noise
Am plifie r
➤ Low Pass Filter P ie zo c e ram ic s
sensors.ppt Page 20
Sensitivity Selection
799M
793, 786A
797, 736
732A, 732AT
sensors.ppt Page 21
Electronic Sensor Noise
sensors.ppt Page 22
500 mV/g
100 mV/g
sensors.ppt Page 23
Electronic Sensor Noise
➤ Electronic Sensor Noise can be Improved by using
more Lines of Resolution
➤ The Cost is greater Measurement Time
➤ Data Acquisition Time = Lines/Fmax
Lines of Res olution 400 800 1600 3200 3200
Electronic Spectral Noise of
a Low Frequency Sensor 0.16 µg 0.11 µg 0.79 µg 0.056 µg
(1 µg/⌦
Hz)
Measurement Time 40 sec 80 sec 160 sec 320 sec (5.3 min)
Per Data Set
Measurement Time for
Four (4) Averages Without 160 sec 320 sec 640 sec 1,280 sec (21.3 min)
Overlapping
Measurement Time for
Eight (8) Averages Without 320 sec 640 sec 1,280 sec 2,560 sec (42.7 min)
Overlapping
2348a - R1
sensors.ppt Page 24
Summary of Concepts
sensors.ppt Page 25
Strain Gage Accelerometers
sensors.ppt Page 26
Piezoresistive Accelerometers
sensors.ppt Page 27
Variable Capacitance
sensors.ppt Page 28
Servo Force Balance
sensors.ppt Page 29