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Segmentation and Targeting

Segmentation is dividing a market into well‐
defined slices or groups of customers who share 
similar set of needs and wants
Why is segmentation important?

Difficult for companies to contact all 
customers in large and diverse markets

Groups of consumers with distinct 
needs and wants can be served more 
effectively

Segmentation requires strategic 
planning and understanding consumer 
behaviour
Bases for Market Segmentation

GEOGRAPHIC DEMOGRAPHIC PSYCHOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOURAL

• Nation • Age • Personality • Needs & 


• State • Life stage • Lifestyle benefits
• Region • Gender • Decision roles
• City • Family size • User and usage 
• Rural / Urban • Income variables
• Occupation
• Education
• SEC
Geographic!?
Socio‐Economic Classification – India

• Urban India: Education and Occupation of Chief 
Wage Earner (CWE) – A1 to E2

• Rural India: Education and Type of House – R1 to R4
Psychographic 
Segmentation
VALS Framework
Needs and Benefits
Initiators

Deciders Buyers

DECISION 
ROLES
Approvers Influencers

Users Gatekeepers
Behavioural Segmentation based on User and Usage‐
related Variables

• Occasions: Festive, Business, Life occasions
• User status: Non‐users, past‐users, potential users, first‐time 
users, regular users
• Usage rate: Light, medium, heavy users
• Buyer readiness stage
• Loyalty status: Hard‐core loyals, split loyals, shifting loyals, 
switchers
• Attitude: Enthusiastic, Positive, Indifferent, Negative, Hostile
• Multiple
Segmentation Criteria
Measurable

Substantial

Accessible

Differentiable

Accessible
Market Targeting

A target market is a set of buyers who share 
common needs and wants that a company 
decides to serve
Targeting Strategies

Full market coverage / Mass / Undifferentiated marketing

Differentiated / Segmented / Multiple segment 
marketing

Single segment / Concentrated / Niche marketing

Local / Individual / Micromarketing / Customization
Choosing a targeting strategy depends on:

• Company’s resources
• Extent of product variability
• Product / industry life cycle stage
• Market variability
• Competitors’ marketing strategies

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