33-hour Chick: Whole Mount Somites

 primary brain vesicles are already present  11-12 pairs are present
 fundamental regions of the heart have already formed
Anterior Intestinal Portal
Prosencephalon  opening of the foregut
 most anterior brain region  as development progresses and the gut elongates, this
opening will move to the posterior
 later divides into telencephalon (anterior) and
diencephalon (posterior)  will also eventually be part of the yolk stalk
o both further divide into cerebral
hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus, and Heart
optic vesicles  single, tubular, S-shaped organ
Prosocoel  at right side of the body
 cavity of the prosencephalon
 will become ventricles I to III Area pellucida
 same as 24-hour chick
Optic Vesicle
 paired lateral invaginations on each side of Area vitellina
prosencephalon  same as 24-hour chick
 opticoel - cavity of vesicle
Area opaca vasculosa
Infundibulum  Sinus terminalis
 ventral evagination on the floor of the diencephalon o vein that encircles the area vasculosa
o gives rise to terminal blood vessel of vitelline
 forms the posterior lobe of pituitary gland
circulation
o
Mesencephalon
 Blood islands
 midregion of the brain
o masses of splanchnic mesoderm
 cavity: mesocoel
o found in gut wall of amphibians and yolk sac
o fate of mesocoel is the aqueduct of Sylvius or
of amniotes
the cerebral aqueduct
o form red blood cells and blood vessels
Metencephalon
Proamnion
 anterior portion of hindbrain
 region that is anterior to the developing avian embryo
 cavity: metacoel
 surrounds the head
o metacoel is part of the IV ventricle
 contains endoderm and ectoderm
Myelencephalon  will be invaded with mesoderm and become
incorporated into the amnion
 posterior portion of hindbrain
 cavity: myelocoel
Subcephalic pocket
o myelocoel is part of the IV ventricle
 cavity beneath the embryonic head as the head
develops
Spinal Cord
 neural tube posterior to the hindbrain
 cavity: central or spinal cord

Sinus Rhomboidalis
 rhomboid-shaped region located on the caudal part of
the embryo
 this is the location of where the primitive pit and
Hensen’s node are enclosed by unfused neural folds

Notochord
 rod-like structure that is dorsal to the gut
 origin: mesoderm
 function: defines anterior/posterior axis and provides
skeletal support for embryo

Nephrotome
 stalk-like connection between somites and lateral
plate mesoderm
 forms the pronephros (anterior) and mesenchyme
(posterior)
o mesenchyme will further differentiate into
mesonephros and metanephros

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33-hour Chick: Transverse Section

Level of Optic Nerve

Optic Vesicles
 lateral bulges of prosencephalon
 forerunners of the portions of the eyes
 will induce the head ectoderm to thicken, invaginate,
and form the lens vesicles
 cavity: opticoel

Proamnion Section through Oral Plate

 region below the head fold
 consists of ectoderm underlain with a layer of Notochord
endoderm  ventral to mesencephalon
 will eventually be overgrown and disappear  mesoderm derived

Prosencephalon Foregut
 forebrain that consists of median vesicle and a lateral  smile-shaped cavity
outpocket on each side  ventral to notochord
 cavity: prosocoel  walls are derived from endoderm
 middle portion of the foregut’s floor is slightly
Anterior neuropore thickened
 median cleft at anterior tip of neural tube
 presence of this opening means the neural folds have Oral Plate
not fused yet  thickened area formed by the ventral ectoderm and
the adjacent endodermal evagination of pharynx
Lens Placode  ventral to the foregut
 thickening of head ectoderm that surrounds the optic  will form the mouth when it perforates
vessel
 forerunner of eye lenses Subcephalic Space
below the head fold
Infundibulum Extraembryonic germ layers
 shallow depression of prosencephalic floor
 located at posterior border of optic vessels Mesencephalon
 oval-shaped brain vesicle
Amniotic fold  posterior to prosencephalon
 fold of somatopleure
 arise at the head region, the sides, and the caudal end Anterior cardinal veins
 fusion of amniotic folds will give rise to amnion  paired blood vessels at the lateral sides of the
(inner) and chorion (outer) mesencephalon

Yolk sac Pharynx

 extra embryonic membrane  region of foregut at this level
 encloses and absorbs yolk of amniote embryos
 endoderm + splanchnic mesoderm (splanchnopleure) Dorsal Aorta
 large, paired blood vessels
Other structures to be noted (description in 24-hour chick)  dorsal to the pharynx
 Head ectoderm
 Mesenchyme Stomodeum
 Neural Crest  shallow midventral depression in the ectoderm
 Subcephalic pocket  forerunner of buccal cavity
 Area pellucida
 Coelom Ventra Aorta
 Area Vasculosa  small paired blood vessels
 located below the pharynx
 one is at each side of a median depression in the floor
of the foregut

First Aortic Arches

 connects the dorsal aorta with the ventral aorta
 can be seen at the anterolateral region of the foregut

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 Neural Crest
 cells found at the edges of the neural plate and above
the neural tube
 will form ganglia, pigment cells, and parts of the gills

Thyroid Gland
 endocrine gland that functions for control of
metabolism and growth
 from ventral endoderm of pharynx
 seen as a thickened shallow depression of the foregut
at the region of the dorsal mesocardium

Section at the level of the Heart: Posterior Sections

Atrium
 posterior level of the heart
 located now at the middle of the pericardial cavity
 becomes the future auricles

Sinus venosus
 caudal continuation of the atrium
 dorsoventrally flattened tube in the midline

Anterior Intestinal Portal

Section at the level of the Heart: Anterior Section
 ventral opening of the gut into the yolk
 future midgut
Ventral Aortae
 fusion of ventral aorta from earlier
Vitelline veins
 now a median, unpaired vessel
 paired, large vessels that enter the atrium via sinus
venosus
Bulbus arteriosus
 at the caudal sections, these vessels will rise at the
 anterior chamber of heart embryo
lateral part of the blastoderm
 connects ventricle to the ventral aorta
Anterior cardinal veins
Epimyocardium
 pair of small blood vessels above the dorsal aortae
 outer, thicker layer of heart rudiment
 also lies adjacent to the rhombencephalon
 arises from splanchnic mesoderm
 fuses with the endocardium to form the heart’s wall
 will give rise to: epicardium (outer covering of the
heart) and myocardium (cardiac musculature)

Isthmus
 broad connection between heart and foregut
 synonymous to dorsal mesocardium

rhombencephalon by the
time na mag-heart na
Section at the level of the Heart: Through the
Ventricle

Ventricle
 bends to one side of the coelom
 narrower dorsal mesocardium

Rhombencephalon
 posterior part of brain
 level of future ventricle
 possesses a thick wall

Auditory Pits
 ectodermal thickenings at hindbrain level
 forerunners to the inner ears
 syn: auditory placodes

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 Section through the Sinus Rhomboidalis

Neural Tube
 neural groove has opened

Hensen’s node
 large mass of compactly arranged cells
 displaces the notochordal tissue

Unsegmented mesoderm
 somites are not yet divided at this section
Omphalomesenteric vein
Section through the Somites  it is located far out in the splanchnopleure

Spinal Cord
 elongated with elliptical cavity

Notochord

Somites
refer to the 24-hour chick
description for these structures
Nephrotome

Hypomere

Dorsal Aortae
 pair of large vessels between the endoderm and the
somites
 at more caudal sections, they continue laterally into
the plexus of vessels -- emphalomesenteric arteries

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pictures are from:

http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/images/embryology/c
hicken-33hrs-dorsal-longitudinal-patten.gif

http://nte-serveur.univ-
lyon1.fr/nte/embryon/www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/33h
rchck/33ckintr.htm

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/i
mages/thumb/7/72/Patten028.jpg/600px-Patten028.jpg