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Earthing, or 'grounding' an
electrical network is an essential
safety feature, which can protect
equipment from electrical faults and
save lives. When live wires touch a
grounded metallic section, the brunt
of the high voltages is safely directed
towards the ground.
1 of 2 26-Jan-19, 03:04 PM
Installing, maintaining and testing earthing in electrical networks - Electrical Engineering https://www.connectingindustry.com/ElectricalEngineering/installing-maintaining-and-testing-earthin...
To connect the earth plate to the surface, two GI strips with a cross
section of 30mm X 10mm can be used, but a 2.5” GI pipe with a
flange at the top is preferable. Additionally, the top of the pipe can be
covered with a T-section, to prevent mud and dust from entering and
clogging the pipe. In summer, the pit should be watered to keep it
from drying out.
Wood coal powder is a great conductor and prevents corrosion of the metal parts
The salt dissolves in water easily, increasing conductivity significantly
Sand allows water to percolate through the entire pit
To test the effectiveness of the pit, check that the voltage difference
between the pit and the neutral of the mains supply is less than 2
volts. The resistance of the pit should be maintained at under 1 ohm,
up to a distance of 15m from the conductor.
Earth Resistivity
Soil Resistance - The composition of the soil, grain size and distribution.
Moisture - Up to 15% water content significantly changes resistivity. Beyond that,
it has little effect.
Dissolved Salts - Pure water has very low conductivity. Salt is an electrolyte that
reduces the resistance when it's dissolved in water.
Obstructions - Nearby concrete buildings nearby or rocks in the soil underneath
the earthing system can increase its resistance.
Current Magnitude - Long periods of exposure or higher currents flowing through
the earth can dry the soil in the surrounding area and increase the system's
resistance.
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2 of 2 26-Jan-19, 03:04 PM