PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS FUTURE PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS
SUBJECT + REGULAR VERB SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + Will - Action that is still SUBJECT + HAD/ HAD
Infinitive (3rd per 's') 'be' and verb + ing
(-ED)/IRREGULAR VERBS V+-ING + COMPLEMENTS Affirmative: I will eat going on. School has NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE
I speak
I am speaking (2ND COLUMN) + Example: I was working; I Negative: I won’t eat not started yet
Exceptions when
Exceptions when COMPLEMENTS wasn’t working; was I Interrogative: Will I eat? - Action that stopped Example: I HAD STUDIED
adding 's' :
adding 'ing' : working? USES recently. She has “YO HABIA ESTUDIADO”
For can, may, might,
Silent e is dropped. Example: I worked; I didn’t Acciones voluntarias: they cooked dinner
must, do not add s.
work; did I work? TIME EXPRESSIONS: As; will clean their room. - Finished action that - The past perfect tense is
After o, ch, sh or s, (but: does not apply Exceptions when adding while; this time yesterday; Expresar una promesa. Ex: I has an influence on used when a past action
add es. for -ee) 'ed': all last night; then; at will call you, I promise. the present. I have was completed prior to
(noon, ten…) yesterday; … Predicciones. Ex: it will rain lost my key another past
After a consonant, Example: come -
when the final letter is e, the next week. - Action that has action.
the final consonant y coming only add d. Example: love - PAST SIMPLE VS PAST taken place once,
becomes ie. (but: not loved CONTINUOUS Be going to “ir a…” never or several - Time expressions:
but: agree - agreeing
after a vowel) Affirmative: I am going to eat times before the already, for, since, yet,
After a short, stressed After a short, CVC, the El "past simple" describe Negative: I’m not going to moment of never, after, as soon as,
worry - he worries
play - he plays. vowel, the final final consonant is doubled. una acción pasada ya eat speaking. I have the moment that,
Example: admit - admitted finalizada. InterrogativeAre you going to never been to until.
consonant is doubled.
USES When I was young I lived in eat? Australia.
in general (regularly, Example: sit - sitting Final l is always doubled in Madrid (ahora vivo en USES
often, never). Colin After a vowel, the final British English (not in Barcelona) Planes concretos. Ex: I’m SUBJECT +
plays football every American). Example: travel going to the cinema HAVE/HAS + PAST
consonant l is doubled - travelled Past Continuous indica que Cuando tenemos la seguridad PARTICIPLE
Tuesday.
in British English (but una acción se estaba de que algo va a suceder. Ex:
present actions not in American After a consonant, final y desarrollando en cierto we are going to sleep. Time expressions:
happening one after becomes i (but: not after a momento del pasado al Predicciones. Ex: it’s going to (BEFORE THE MAIN
English).
another:First Colin vowel). Example: worry - cual se hace referencia. be a great party VERB) just (“acabo
plays football, then Example: travel - worried NOT: play - played Present continuous de”), never
he watches TV. When the mother came Acciones en el futuro (“nunca”), already
travelling (BE) TIMES EXPRESSIONS: home her husband was cercano. Ex: Sara is arriving (“ya” affirmative),
action set by a but: traveling (AE) yesterday (ayer); ... ago playing with the kids (no tonight. ever (“alguna vez”),
timetable or (hace); in 1990; the other sabemos si terminó de lately / recently
Final ie becomes y. lie
schedule, The film day (el otro dia): last ... (el jugar en ese momento o Present simple (últimamente).
– lying. pasado); when. continuó jugando) Eventos programados en un Until now / till now
starts at 8 pm
USES futuro próximo. Ex: The party (hasta ahora/hasta el
starts at 9 pm. momento), (not) yet
right now: Colin is
(todavía), so far
daily routine, Bob playing football now. TIME EXPRESSIONS: (hasta aquí), up to
works in a A veces se describen dos tomorrow, the day after now (hasta ahora)
restaurant. also for several actions acciones simultáneas que tomorrow, next week,
happening at the same tuvieron lugar en el pasado. month, year…, in a month,
En dicho caso, se utiliza week, year…, this month,
time: Colin is playing el "past simple" para evening, year…, on Monday…
TIME EXPRESSIONS: describir aquella que
football and Anne is
always, every, often, finalizó y el "past Might/Might not + verb
normally, usually, watching. continuous" para aquella (podría…)
sometimes, seldom, arrangement for the otra que estaba ocurriendo Se utiliza de manera formal y
never, first, then near future: I am cuando la primera tuvo educada, dando mayor
Note: The following going to the cinema lugar. cortesía. Ex: Might I take
verbs are usually only tonight. this?
used in Simple only for a limited Expresa posibilidad de futuro.
Present: period of time (does Ex: she might visit me this
be, have, hear, know, not have to happen morning.
like, love, see, smell, directly at the Sugerencias o peticiones. Ex:
think, want. moment of speaking) you might buy this tv.
Jenny is working in a
restaurant this week.
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
at the moment, at this
moment, today, now,
right now.
PRESENT/PAST MODAL VERBS IMPERATIVE PASSIVE CONTIDIONALS COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE
PERFECT CONTINUO

HAVE/HAD + BEEN + MODALS VERBS VERB INFINITIVE + Active voice: subject + verb 0º if you freeze water, it turns 1.Comparativo de Igualdad (tan…como)
V-ING Can: habilidad o NOUN, ADJ… tense + direct object into ice. Affirmative/interrogative: as + adjective+ as.
posibilidad. “poder” Passive voice : subject Situacion siempre verdadera Example: he is as tall as me.
We use the Past Eat something (active direct object) + verb Negative: not as + adj + as o not so + adj + as.
Could: habilidad o
Perfect Continuous posibilidad en el tense (be + participle) + 1ºif it rains I will stay at Example: I’m not so young as you.
to show that LET’S + INFINITIVE + … (complement) + (by …) home. Ademas de will En el caso de que se compare entre dos verbos o
pasado. Pasado de
something started Example : Marie was eating podemos usar sustantivos, se utiliza la expresión “as much as”
in the past and
can. Más formal. Let’s do something
“podía/podría”. cherry > cherry was being can/may/must. (singular/incontable) y “as many as”
continued up until Let’s not do anything eaten by Marie Situacion real o posible (plural/contable).
another time in the También posibilidades
past. "For five en el futuro. NEGATIVE: AUX + 1.El complemento agente 2º if I won the lottery, I would she does not work as much as she should/ I have
minutes" and "for May: posibilidades en es introducido por la travel around the world. as many pens as you.
two weeks" are
NOT+ VB + …
el futuro. “puede” preposición BY utilizado Situacion hipotetica. 2.Comparativo de inferioridad (menos…que)
both durations Might: posibilidades Don’t do anything con personas (by Annie/by Less (incontables)/fewer (contables) + adj + than.
which can be used en el presente o the police). 3º if I had won the lottery, I Example: he is less Young tan you.
with the Past futuro. Pasado de would have traveled around 3.Comparative de superioridad (mas…que)
Perfect Continuous. may. “podría” El agente a veces no es the world. Sufijo –er (comparativo) ; -est (superlativo)
Notice that this is
Shall: ofertas y mencionado porque no es Situacion hipotetica del Se utilizan en adjetivos de una SOLA silaba, como
related to
sugerencias o necesario (en el caso de pasado. old, new, dark…
the Present Perfect
Continuous; preferencias. “no se que el sujeto sea En adjetivos de DOS silabas que terminan en –er,
however, the traduce” pronombres Negativo if - unless y (cambia a i), le, ow.
duration does not Should: obligación o “they/he/we/you/somebod Ejemplo: clever/the clevest; idler/the idlest;
continue until now, recomendación. y/people…”). Ojala…. happier/the happiest; narrower/the narrowest.
it stops before “deberia” Example: they have built a -wish + past simple. Deseo More (comparativo); most (superlativo)
something else in Ought to: sinonimo de new road > a new road has sobre una situacion irreal. Se utilizan en adjetivos de más de dos silabas,
the past. should been built. I wish i were rich. como interesting, beautiful…
Must: obligación, 4.Comparatives y superlatives irregulars
They had been prohibición o 2.Pasiva con dos objetos -wish + past perfect. Deseo Good/well>better>the best
talking for over an necesidad. “deber” (DO Y IO) sobre el pasado. Bad/badly>worse>the worst
hour before Tony Would: preferencia, Verbos con objeto directo e I wish i had learned english Far>further/farther>the furthest/the farthest
arrived. preguntar por algo indirecto puede hacerse la when i was Younger. Little>less>the least
educadamente. pasiva en dos maneras. ** Cuando un adjetivo termina en –e, solo
“subjuntivo” ex: le Example: He wrote me a -wish + would. Expresando añadimos –r y –st para comparativo y superlativo.
You have been gustaría… note desagrado o irritacion. Large>larger>largest
waiting here for 1º objeto indirecto: I was I wish you would stop making **adjetivos que terminan en CVC, duplica la
Modal verb + written a note that noise. consonante. Big>bigger>biggest
two hours infinitive 2º objeto directo: a note
was written to me