Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECH
Q. where have you worked recently and what have you learnt?
Ans. Transit inspection, layover inspection, weekly inspection, IDG servicing,
Hydraulic fluid servicing, Engine oil servicing, wheel change.
Q.ATA code related questions?
Ans: learn all ata codes
Q. where can u find part no. of any component? Ans;-IPC (ILLUSTRATED
PARTS CATAOGUE)
Q. Units and definitions of ex:-pressure (psi), specific gravity (unitless), mass (kg),
momentum (kgms-1) etc.?
Q. Modules of turbofan engines?
Ans:-
A. Fan Module
B. Intercase Module
C. High Pressure Compressor
D. Diffuser/Combustor Module
E. High Pressure Turbine
F. Low Pressure Turbine
G. Accessory Drive Gearbox
Q. Classification and types of tools ex: - screw driver, mallet, hammer etc.?
Ans: Screw driver are classified by shape of blade, length of blade and type of blade.
Hammers are classified as Hard hammer and Soft hammer.
Hard hammers are classified by weight of the head without handle.
Soft hammers are classified by diameter of the face.
Q. Types and unit of torque wrench, formula with extension and drive of torque
wrench?
Ans: type of torque wrench 1. Flexible beam 2. Rigid frame type 3.ratchet type.
Q.what is EASA?
Ans. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY.
Q,Different types of hydraulic systems of A320 and which one have electric pumps,
and on ground how will you energize the green system from yellow?
Ans: We have 3 systems Green, Yellow and Blue.
Green is pressurized by 2 ways
1. ENG 1 EDP (engine driven pump)
2. PTU (power transfer unit)
Yellow is pressurized by 4 ways
1. ENG2 EDP
2. PTU
3. Hand Pump
4. 4. Electric Pump
Blue is pressurized by 2 ways
1. Electric Pump
2. RAT
Q. Why do we measure fuel quantity in KGS not in LTRS?
Ans: Because KGS is weight i.e. pull of gravity which is not affected by temperature.
Whereas LTRS is volume which varies with temperature change.
Q.Final Torque of nose wheel n why initial torque is more than final torque?
Ans: initial is 160 final 80ft lbs. initial is more to set the bearings.
Q.How many APU ignitor plugs in APS 3200,their location n y only one changed at a
time?
Ans: 2 igniter plugs 120 degree and 270 degree. And 1 is only changd at a time to
inc the reliability of apu.
Q. When manually operating cargo door by hand pump and flaps in no 2
position..will flap operation take place??? If no why???
Ans: no. due to PTU inhibition logic which will denergise the PTU solenoid which will
prevent the green system to get pressurized and we require press of all 3 hyd
sytems. So the flaps will not move.
Q. What if we forget to check engine oil quantity? (ANS: give engine the DRY
MOTORING).
Q. What are the fuelling precautions?
Questions:
1. difference b/w MCD n MMCD.
3. What r the diff. types of Drag ?
4. IAE engine fan blade construction. (ANS: made of titanium and have honeycomb
structure )
5. What are the diff. b/w CFM n IAE engines? (ANS: CFM engine’s fan blades r
HOLLOW while IAE engine fan blades hv honeycomb str.)?
6. What is Fan Trim Air? (ANS: when any FOD occurs, then the disturbed air get
enters to the compressor)
11. What is MOMENTUM ? (ANS: Bodies in motion have the property called
momentum.
A body that has great momentum has a strong tendency to remain in motion and is
therefore hard to stop. When a force acts upon a body, the momentum of that body
is changed. The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force.
The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.
Momentum=mass x velocity . Now if a force is applied, the momentum changes at a
rate equal to the force or: F=rate of change of momentum).
(as on 10/01/2012)
(as on 27/02/2012)
There is one difference between the American National series and the
American Standard Unified series. In 1-inch diameter size, the NF thread specified
14 thread per inch (1-14 NF) while the UNF thread specifies 12 thread per inch (1-12
UNF).
69. What is the container called in which the fuel is brought to aircraft.
→ Bouser.
70. Wheel change procedure.
→
1. Place the chock on opposite side wheel.
2. Place the axle jack at the jacking point of L/G.
3. Start jacking the wheel till it is clear off the ground.
4. Start deflating the tire using TPG.
5. After confirming that break fan CB pull out, open the locking washer and bolt
by 7/16 deep socket ratchet, remove fan cover.
6. Remove dust cap.
7. Remove the lock from fan and retainer.
8. Remove retainer nut, which is inserted in fan disc slot, by 13/16 ring spanner.
9. Open the clamp by 3/8 deep ratchet socket. Open the cross bolt.
10. Open the axle nut with MLG socket tool.
11. Insert the thread protector.
12. Place the dolly and take the wheel load. Now slightly push the tire from inside
and remove wheel assembly.
13. Clean the axle and apply aeroshell-22 grease on the axle.
14. Now slowly place the new wheel assembly onto the axle with the help of dolly.
15. Before removing thread protector, make sure that wheel is properly aligned
and fitted on the axle.
16. Remove thread protector.
17. Place the axle nut.
18. Give initial torque 310 lb-ft.
19. Then loose the axle nut.
20. Again while turning the wheel in same direction, tighten the nut to 160 lb-ft.
21. If holes for cross bolt are not aligned, slightly turn the nut to align it.
22. Tight the cross bolt to 75-85 in-lb and locked by cotter pin.
23. Place the retainer and tight the clamp.
24. Insert the fan in its slot tight the bolt and locked.
25. Place the dust cap.
26. Place the fan cover and tight by 4 bolt locked by washer.
27. Lower the axle and remove jack.
<O> Moment:
≪≫ It is a tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object mathematically it is the
product of force and moment arm.
<O> GCU
≪≫ Generator Control Unit.
It has two functions which are
a. It maintains voltage and frequency.
b. It monitors the system and control and protect the IDG.
<O> Thermocouple
≪≫ When any conductor is subjected to a thermal gradient, it will generate a
voltage proportional to the gradient. This is known as the thermoelectric effect
or seeback effect.
1. What are the ground spoiler and flight spoiler? Difference between
them.
A: Flight spoilers are used in conjunction with ailerons to provide lateral control
and prevent adverse yaw during aileron operation. But ground spoilers are
used during landing to greatly reduce the lift on the wings and increase drag to
assist in braking.
Flight spoilers and ground spoilers both uses the same spoiler panels. But
when used as ground spoilers, the spoiler panels are deflected to a higher
angle than when used as flight spoilers.
4. What is acceleration?
A: Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time.
5. Conversion
A: 1 ft.-lbs. = 12 in.-lbs.
Here,
Tw = Torque reading on wrench dial
Te = Required torque
A = Lever length
B = Lever length + Extension
18. Fire Detection system.
Ans:
19. What is the size of wire cutter?
Ans:
20. What is the duration of last recording of CFDS?
Ans: CFDS records 64 information for the last lag report.
21. What is moment and momentum? What are their units?
Ans: A moment is the turning effect caused by a force acting at a perpendicular
distance from fulcrum is equal to the force multiplied by its arm. Its unit is inch-
pounds.
Momentum is the amount of motion contained in a body and is equal to the
mass of the body multiplied by its velocity. Its unit is Kgms-1.
22. How many system is used in aircraft? Description of system.
Ans:
23. T/R is used in which system?
Ans: T/R or Thrust Reverser is used in engines.
24. As mentioned in your resume, you have worked in these aircraft. Which of
them don’t have Fly-By-Wire system and why?
Ans: The aircraft who don’t have Fly-By-Wire incorporated are Boeing 747-400 and
Boeing 737-800. Both of these airplane are originally build in time when Fly-By-
Wire was not developed. So these airplanes were built around technologies
available at those times which were mainly dependent on mechanical systems.
25. What is ATA 20?
Ans: Standard Maintenance Practice.
26. Torque required on a bolt can be found in?
Ans: AMM.
27. What is glass cockpit?
Ans: A cockpit configuration that uses digital electronic displays to display the
various engine, airframe and flight parameters in place of conventional
mechanical gauges. In conventional design, each of the parameters are
indicated in almost a separate gauge driven either by mechanically, electrically
or pneumatically. However, glass cockpit design replaces most of the
conventional gauges with six display unit that display almost every parameter
related to engine or airframe or flight operation.
28. Difference between moment and momentum.
Ans: Moment is the turning effect on a body due to application of a force at a
perpendicular distance from the hinge or fulcrum, also termed as arm. On the
other hand, momentum is the amount of motion contained in a body.
The moment is mathematically expressed as
τ=F*L
The momentum is mathematically expressed as
p=m*v
29. What is the unit of torque?
Ans: The unit of torque is lbs.-inch.
30. Which hydraulic system uses electrical pump?
Ans: Both yellow and blue system has electrical pump.
31. RAT details.
Ans: RAT or Ram Air Turbine is an emergency hydraulic pump which is driven by a
small propeller exposed to the incoming airstream, called ram air. The RAT is
automatically deployed when both green and yellow system has low pressure,
both AC buses have failed and the airplane speed is still above 100 knots. A
small hydraulic pump generates 2500 psi pressure for blue hydraulic system
which is then supplied to most critical systems. Also the hydraulic power drives
a Constant Speed Motor/Generator (CSMG) that supplies 115V 400 Hz AC
electrical supply at 5kVA rating to the most critical equipment and instruments.
32. Acceleration and its unit.
Ans: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity in a particular direction. Its unit is
ms-2.
33. Torque and its type.
Ans: Torque is the force acting on a body that tends to twist the body or tries to
make it rotate. It can also be said as the force that produces angular velocity.
The type of torque are:
Dry torque: Torque applied without lubricant is called dry torque.
Wet torque: Torque applied with lubricant.
Continuous torque: Torque applied in one direction continuously until desire
torque value is reached.
Breakdown torque: It is the maximum value of torque permitted.
Running torque: It is the torque required to keep the load moving.
Breakaway torque: It is the torque required to initially move the load.
Rundown torque: It is the torque required to overcome the mechanical locking
such as when installing self-locking nut.
34. Tools classification.
Ans: Hammers are classified as hard hammer and soft hammer.
Hard hammers are classified by the weight of the head without handle.
Soft hammers or mallets are classified by the type of material of the head.
Screwdrivers are classified by shape, type of blade and length of blade.
35. Auto brake.
Ans: It is a mode of automatic brake application upon landing or during an aborted
take-off. When pilot select auto brake from the cockpit, it is energized and
applies the braking pressure as selected by the pilot when the ground spoilers
are deployed. As a normal procedure, pilot selects MAX in case of an aborted
take-off.
36. How to start engine through APU?
Ans: Pneumatic air is supplied by the APU through a HP Shut-Off Valve to the
Pneumatic Air starter.
The starter is rotated which in turn drives the Main Gear Box (MGB).
The Main Gear Box drives the Transfer Gear Box (TGB).
The TGB is connected to the HP shaft of the engine, which is then rotated.
The fuel scheduling system schedule fuel and deliver it to the combustion
chamber. The fuel is mixed with the airflow supplied by the HP compressor
rotation and then burned.
Gradually the LP compressor also start rotating.
Thus the engine is started.
37. State the mathematical equation of momentum.
Ans: momentum = mass x velocity.
38. When O2 mask system falls?
Ans: In case there is a severe decompression results in the cabin while the airplane
is above 14,000 feet altitude, the O2 mask system falls.
It can be stated also as that if cabin altitude crosses 14,000 feet, the O 2 mask
will automatically fall.
39. How to ask tools from store.
Ans: Screwdriver is asked from the store mentioning its point number.
40. N1 and N2 speed sensor.
Ans:
41. What is the location of IDG?
Ans: IDG is located at 6 O’clock position in CFM56-5B.
42. What is ATA 74?
Ans: Ignition.
43. General about Flap, Slat, Spoiler, Aileron.
Ans: Flap is the auxiliary high lift devices used to increase lift produced by the wing
during take-off and landing.
Slat is also a high lift devices that is used to generate more lift during take-off
and landing and also during slow speed operation and thus preventing the
airplane from stalling.
Spoilers are used in conjunction with aileron to provide lateral control.
Aileron is a primary flight control surface that provide rolling and lateral control.
44. Mark down the aircraft in your resume which do not have fly-by-wire. Why
do they not have fly-by-wire.
Ans: The aircraft which do not have fly-by-wire technology are Boeing 747 and
Boeing 737.
Both of the Boeing airplanes are originally designed long ago before invention
of fly-by-wire technology. The blue print of the airplane which was originally
issued with type certificate did not include provision for fly-by-wire and hence
they are not equipped with fly-by-wire.
45. What is dark cockpit?
Ans: It is a cockpit concept in which, no indicating light will be illuminated when every
system and components are working normally. An indicator or warning light will
come when there is fault or malfunctioning detected.
46. What is IDG? Why it is called so?
Ans: The full form of IDG is Integrated Drive Generator. It is a Constant Speed Drive
or CSD, integrated with an alternator or ac generator.
Since CSD and the generator is integrated into one housing, it is termed as
Integrated.
47. What is the location of IDG?
Ans: In CFM56-5B installed in Airbus A321, the IDG is located at 5 O’clock position.
In CFM56-7B installed on Boeing 737-800, IDG is located at 8 O’clock position.
48. What are the units of torque and momentum?
Ans: Unit of torque is lbs.-inch and unit of momentum is Kgms-1.
49. What are consumable and expandable?
Ans: Consumable are those which cannot be re-used such as hydraulic fluid,
lubricating oil etc.
Expandable are those whose life can be extended such as gasket, rubber type
materials etc.
50. What is ATA chapter 27, 32, 33, 75, 80?
Ans: ATA chapters
27 Flight controls
32 Landing gear
33 Lights
75 Air
80 Starting
51. How will you ask for Philips screwdriver at store?
Ans: I will ask for Philips screwdriver mentioning its point number.
52. How will you ask for torque wrench at store?
Ans: I will ask for torque wrench at the store by mentioning type and torque range.
53. What is ATA? Why it is called so?
Ans: ATA is Air Transport Association.
It is an association that manages and standardize the various publications
related to aircraft operation and maintenance and hence it is called ATA.
54. What is IPC?
Ans: IPC or Illustrated Parts Catalogue is a document that includes detailed
exploded view of every component and contain table of all parts, materials and
hardware present in the respective component mentioning part numbers of
each and number of such items present.
55. Where will you find torque value?
Ans: The torque value can be known from the AMM or task card.
56. What is the difference between dipstick and tripstick?
Ans: Refer to Q. No. 15
57. What is the difference between FADEC and EEC?
Ans: Refer to Q. No. 10
58. Location of EEC.
Ans: In CFM56-5B installed in Airbus A321, EEC is located at 4 O’clock position
while in CFM56-7B installed on Boeing 737-800, EEC is located at 2 O’clock
position.
59. Units of pressure.
Ans: Pressure is measured in either Pounds per Square Inch (PSI), inches of
Mercury (inch Hg), mm of Mercury (mm Hg), Pascal (Pa) or milibar (mbar).
60. How wire cutters are classified?
Ans: Wire cutters are classified by the design of its head.
61. What are the differences between igniter plug and spark plug?
Ans: Igniter plugs are used in gas turbine engines where spark is required only
during initial engine start or during an in-flight engine re-light condition.
However, spark plugs are used with reciprocating engine and produces sparks
at regular intervals throughout the time of operation of the engine.
The gap between centre electrode and ground electrode is more in case of an
igniter plug while it is comparatively small for spark plug.
The spark intensity of an igniter plug is more than a spark plug.
Due to higher spark intensity, igniter plugs are less susceptible to carbon or
lead deposit in its electrode ends. However, carbon or lead fouling are often
encountered in spark plugs.
62. Diameter of Philips screwdriver is given in what terms?
Ans: The diameter of Philips screwdriver is given in points.
63. Specific gravity?
Ans: Specific gravity is the ratio of density of a certain volume of a substance to the
density of equal volume of pure water in case of liquid and air in case of gas.
Both densities are measured at 4OC.
64. How mallets are classified?
Ans: Mallets are classified according to the material of which it is head is made of.
65. What is the standard fuelling pressure?
Ans: The standard fuelling pressure is 50 psi.
66. If you are given
Actual torque = 120 in-lbs.
Lever length = 12 in.
Extension = 3 inch
Then what will be the indicated torque at the torque wrench?
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ×𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
Ans: Indicated torque on the wrench = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇+𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
120 × 12
=
12 + 3
1440
=
15
= 96
67. Tell us about Fly-By-Wire technology.
Ans: In Fly-By-Wire equipped airplane, pilot’s commands are converted into
electrical signals which are supplied to the servo valves that re-directs the
hydraulic pressure accordingly to operate various flight controls and
mechanisms such as landing gear, thrust reversers etc.
The advantages of Fly-By-Wire aircraft are
a. Weight reduction
b. Gust load elevation
c. Flight envelope protection etc.
However, Fly-By-Wire aircraft system also have some disadvantages such as
a. Complexity of airplane increases.
b. Unit cost increases.
c. Failure of one component may cause entire system breakdown.
68. What is Air Speed and Ground Speed? What is the difference between
them?
Ans: Air speed is the speed of an object relative to air.
Ground speed is the speed of the object relative to ground or earth.
If air is calm, i.e. there is no wind, then airspeed and ground speed are equal.
However, if there is wind which means the air will have some velocity relative to
earth. Thus it effects the ground speed however doesn’t affect the air speed.
69. What is the difference between igniter plug and spark plug?
Ans: Refer to question number 61.
70. What do you mean by stability of aircraft?
Ans: Stability of aircraft is defined as the ability of the aircraft to maintain a straight
and level flight without any assistance from the cockpit. The stability may be
either around longitudinal axis, lateral axis or vertical axis.
71. What is the relation between density and pressure and volume? How
does it affects air at high altitudes?
Ans: The density varies proportionally to pressure and inversely to volume. In other
words, as density decreases, pressure decreases while as density decreases,
volume increases.
The higher above the earth’s surface we go, the thinner the air becomes. Thus
density at high altitude is less than that of at sea level and hence the pressure
decreases as we go higher and higher above ground.
72. 1 kg = ? pounds
Ans: 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
73. Running torque.
Ans: Running torque is the torque value to keep a load moving.
74. What is flat rating of engine?
Ans: Flat rating is provided by many engine manufacturer. It is the rated thrust which
the engine is capable of producing up to an ambient temperature of 90OF.
75. What is cascade effect?
Ans: The effect on air flowing through one stage of compressor by the succeeding
stage due to the cascading arrangement of aerofoils in each stage is called
cascade effect.
76. What is the difference between moment and torque?
Ans: Basically looking, moment and torque are the same thing. However, there is a
little bit of difference.
Torque is basically a force acting on an object such as to cause or tend to
cause it to rotate or twist around a definite point which we term as either pivot
or fulcrum or axis. However, the application of torque may cause a turning
effect on the object and this turning effect is termed as moment.
Mathematical expression of moment is equal to the force multiplied by the
perpendicular distance from the pivot point. The mathematical expression of
torque is equal to the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between
the two opposite forces acting on the body that causes it to rotate.
Q: What is the difference between Airbus A321 and Boeing 737?
A: The difference is that A321 is a fly-by-wire equipped airplane while Boeing 737
is a conventional flight controlled equipped airplane.
Q: What do you mean by conventional flight control?
A: Conventional flight control is where flight control systems are connected with
cables and related mechanical devices like bell cranks, push-pull rods etc.
Q: If CSD is not getting proper drive, what will happen?
A: Output will fluctuate.
Q: How we can disengage IDG? Under what condition, disengagement is
performed?
A: IDG is disengaged with the help of two guarded switches in the cockpit
Electrical panel.
IDG is disengaged when the following conditions occur:
a. Oil overheat.
b. Oil pressure drop.
Q: Where will you find the fuel specific gravity?
A: From the fuelling chart which is available with the bouser personnel.
Q: What is the meaning of the triangle in the fire bottle?
A: Triangle indicates class A fire compatibility.
Note: Square indicate class B, Circle indicates class C and Star indicates class D
fire.
Q: How IDG gets drive?
A: IDG is driven by the accessory gear box.
Q: Why ‘No Smoking’ placarding is done near re-fuelling zone?
A: When tanks are re-fuelled, air comes out of vent ports which contains fuel
vapour or fumes. They can easily catch fire if exposed to heat or spark
Boyles's law: Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant
temperature.
Charles' law: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature at constant pressure.
Avogadro's law: Under same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different
gases contains equal number of molecules.
Pythagoras theorem: The square of hypotenuse of a right angle triangle is equal to
the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Archimedes principle: The upward force acting on a body submerged in a liquid is
equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the body upon submerging.
Bernoulli's principle: For a fluid flowing through a tube or duct, if at any point
pressure decreases the velocity increases proportionally and vice versa. In other
words, the sum of pressure and velocity of flowing fluid remains constant at all points
of the flow.
Dalton's law: The pressure exerted by a mixture of chemically non reacting gases is
equal to the sum of absolute pressures each of the gas would exert on the surface of
the container if they are allowed to occupy the entire space alone at the same
temperature.
. Therefore ‘No Smoking’ is displayed near fuelling zone.
29 Hydraulic Power
1. What is ATA Chapter --? 30 Ice and Rain Protection
A: 20 Standard Maintenance 31 Instruments/Indicating
Practices and Recording
21 Air Conditioning 32 Landing gear
22 Auto flight 33 Lights
23 Communication 34 Navigation
24 Electrical Power 35 Oxygen
25 Equipment and 36 Pneumatic
Furnishings 37 Vacuum
26 Fire Protection 38 Water/Waste
27 Flight Controls 45 Central Maintenance
28 Fuel System
47 Nitrogen Generating
System
49 Auxiliary Power Unit
51 Maintenance Practices –
Structure
52 Doors
53 Fuselage
54 Nacelles & Pylons
55 Stabilizers
56 Windows
57 Wings
61 Propellers
70 Maintenance Practices –
Engines
71 Powerplant
72 Engines
73 Engine Fuel and Controls
74 Ignition
75 Bleed air
76 Engine Controls
77 Engine Indicating
78 Engine Exhaust
79 Engine Oil
80 Starting
81 Turbocharging
82 Water Injection
83 Accessory Gearbox
2. What is Brake Accumulator?
A: An additional accumulator apart from system accumulator is incorporated in the
airplane to supply minimal hydraulic power for operation of parking brakes in
case of no hydraulic power available in the airplane.
With only brake accumulator, only a maximum 7 full parking brake application
can be obtained.
3. Which hydraulic system has electrical pump? How green system can be
pressurized on ground when engines are not running?
A: Only the yellow and blue hydraulic system has electrical pumps. With yellow
hydraulic system pressurized, we can pressurize the green system on ground
with the help of Power Transfer Unit or PTU.
9. What are the modules of engine? What are the modules for a turbofan engine?
A: A module is an independent assembly of engine which can be replaced as
separate and whole unit at operational stations which reduces maintenance
activity and downtime of the aircraft.
The modules of a present day turbofan engine are
a. Fan module
b. Low Pressure Compressor and Intermediate Case module
c. Core Engine module
d. Low Pressure Turbine module
e. Accessory Gear Box module
10. What are flight and ground spoilers? What are the differences between them?
A: Spoilers are auxiliary flight control surfaces designed to spoil or reduce the
amount of lift the wing is producing either during flight or on ground to achieve
various flying characteristics. While used in flight it is called flight spoiler and
while used on ground it is called ground spoilers. Same spoiler panels are used
in either purpose.
Flight spoilers are used in conjunction with ailerons to assist the airplane in
lateral control such as a roll and turn. The spoilers on the up going aileron side
goes up while spoilers on down going aileron side remains faired with wing.
However when used as ground spoiler, they are used to greatly reduce the lift
produced by the wing upon a landing and increase the drag to assist in braking.
When used as ground spoiler, spoiler panels on both sides go up
simultaneously.
Although same panels are used, the panels are deflected to a higher angle
when used as ground spoiler than when used as flight spoilers.
13. What are the primary and secondary flight control surfaces of aircraft?
A: The primary flight control surfaces are Aileron, Elevator and Rudder.
The secondary flight control surfaces are leading and trailing edge flaps,
leading edge slats, spoilers, speed brakes and trimmable horizontal stabilizer.
20. What is dry torque, wet torque, continuous torque, breakdown torque, running
torque, breakaway torque and rundown torque?
A: Dry torque is the torque applied without application of grease.
Wet torque is the torque applied with application of grease.
Continuous torque is the torque applied continuously in one direction until the
desired torque is obtained.
Breakdown torque is the maximum value of torque permitted.
Running torque is the torque required to keep a load moving.
Breakaway torque is the torque required to initially move the load.
Rundown torque is the torque required to overcome the mechanical locking of
the nut.
21. Conversions.
A: 1 Kg = 2.2046 pounds
1 inch = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm = 25400 μm
1 μm = 0.000039 inch = 0.0025 mm
1 mm = 0.039 inch = 1000 μm
1 feet = 12 inches = 30.5 cm
Summary:
Name: Indigo
Parent Company: InterGlobe Enterprise
Founded On: July 2006
Founder: Mr. Rahul Bhatia, Co-founder & Co-Owner,
MD
Mr. R. Gangwal, Co-founder & Co-Owner
President: Mr. Aditya Ghosh
First Aircraft: 28th July 2006
First Flight: 4th August 2006 from New Delhi to Imphal
via Guwahati
First International On 1 September 2011 from New Delhi to
Flight: Dubai
Aircraft Type: Airbus A320 (A321 ordered)
Fleet Size: 84 (total delivered 100)
Destinations: 37 including 5 international destinations
Flights per day: 534 current
International Muscat, Dubai, Singapore, Bangkok,
Destinations: Kathmandu.
Facts: Low Cost, On Time, Hassle Free Service
One type of aircraft – Airbus A320
One type of seating – All Economy
Quote Line: India’s Coolest Airline
Achievements: Received 100th Airbus A320ceo on 3rd
November 2014.
In 2011, record number of aircraft order in
Airbus by a LCC with an order of 180 A320
neo.
Ranked as India’s best LCC in different
award lists.
33. In what unit fuel bousers provide us fuel and in what unit it is showed in
airplane? Also state the reason. How will you convert litre into kg?
A: Fuel bousers provide us fuel in litres and in aircraft, it is showed in kilograms.
The reason is that BTU per kilogram is constant irrespective of fuel temperature
whereas BTU per litre is not.
To convert litre into kilogram, we need to multiply the litre value with the fuel’s
specific gravity. The fuel’s specific gravity can be obtained from the fuelling
sheet or chalan available with the bouser personal.
34. What are the advantages of single point fuelling? What are the precautions will
you take before re-fuelling?
A: The advantages of single point pressure fuelling of aircraft are
a. It takes less time to refuel the aircraft.
b. It reduces the possibility of contamination.
c. It reduces the possibility of static electricity igniting the fuel.
35. Why ‘NO SMOKING’ is displayed near re-fuelling point even when pressure
fuelling is being used?
A: As fuel is being introduced in the empty fuel tanks, the air that was previously
present in the tank comes out of the vent port. This air may contain fuel vapour
or fumes which would be easily ignited if exposed to a heat source or spark.
Therefore ‘NO SMOKING’ sign is displayed in the fuelling area.
36. What is anti-skid system? What would be the effect if it is not used?
A: Anti-skid is an electro-hydraulic system incorporated in the braking system of
airplane that senses the wheel rotational speed and detects any rapid
deceleration or impeding skid. Upon detection, it partially releases the brake
pressure to prevent the wheel from skidding and then re-applies it at a slightly
lower value.
If anti-skid system is not used, the wheels will be locked and will skid when full
brake pressure is applied. This will lead to loss of controllability of the airplane
and reduced braking efficiency. Moreover, when wheels will skid, it will rub out
more and increased maintenance activity will be required in wheel and brake
system.
38. Aerodynamics.
a. Centre of Pressure b. Angle of Attack c. Angle of Incidence
d. Critical angle e. Stalling angle and stalling speed f.
Chord line
g. Camber and camber line h. Mean Camber Line i. Sweepback
A: Centre of Pressure: It is the point on the chord line at which the resultant of all
the pressure forces acting on the aerofoil is assumed to be concentrated, which
produces a force that has no moment about this point.
Angle of Attack: It is the angle formed by the chord line of the wing with
relative airflow.
Angle of Incidence: It is the acute angle formed by the chord line of the wing
with a line parallel to the horizontal centreline or longitudinal axis of the
airplane.
Critical angle: It is the maximum angle up to which the wing is capable of
producing lift.
Stalling Angle: It is the maximum angle beyond which, if angle of attack is
increased, the wing will no more be able to produce lift and thus will stall.
Stalling speed: It is the minimum speed below which, if the airplane is flown,
the wings will not be able to generate lift and thus will stall.
Chord line: It is an imaginary line from the leading edge to trailing edge of
wing.
Camber and camber line: Camber is the curvature of the wing. Camber line is
the line that follows the camber of the wing.
Mean Camber Line: A line drawn from wing leading edge to trailing edge such
that all points of the line are equidistant from the upper camber line and lower
camber line.
Sweepback: Sweepback angle is the angle made by a line perpendicular to
the fuselage centre line to the quarter chord of wing.
Boundary Layer: A layer of air that moves closest to the wing surface or
surface of the object under consideration.
Slip stream: The stream of air driven back by the propeller.
39.