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Occasional Loads. Occasional loads are similar to Primary Loads in that the magnitude of the load does
not diminish with deformation. Occasional loads are distinguished from Primary Loads by being generally “rare”
short duration events rather than continuous loads.

Wind Acceleration (e.g., FPSO or Seismic)

Figure 3 – Occasional Load Examples

Fatigue Loads: The only requirement of a Fatigue Load is that the load has multiple repetitions (has
cycles). A fatigue load can otherwise be described under any other Load Category.

Common Stress Types

The complex stress state of any component can be broken down into the following sub-components.
Shear Stress. Shear stress is a tensor component used in the calculation of principal stresses.

Figure 4 – Shear Stress Examples

Membrane Stresses. Membrane stress is a mean stress averaged through the thickness, oriented parallel
to the mid surface. Circumferential and longitudinal pressure stresses in a cylinder are shown below. Membrane
stresses are tensor components used in the calculation of principal stresses. Note that in the absence of shear
stresses, the magnitudes of the membrane stress tensors are often identical to stress intensities. Can also be an
“F/A” type of stress.

Copyright (c) 2007 by Paulin Research Group 2.2.2