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Abstract. This article discusses the issue of innovation in airport design which is supported by aviation project
management. This is why the decision making process on innovation in an airport’s design should correlate with future
perspectives in aviation. This process influences a decrease in time and money lost during the period of leading an avi-
ation project. A good result is obtained through selected essential information and analysis of the airport management
process in order to achieve efficiency in aircraft operation. What is more, the innovation in airport design is closely
related with the safety of aircraft and security of passengers.
Keywords: aircraft operations, ground handling, aviation project management, innovation, airport design.
the beginning of the passenger’s journey to the point are time, safety, security and the amount of money spent,
where the passenger enters the terminal building, and so the passengers are interested in technologically ad-
vice versa. vanced projects. All customers look for a high level of
ICAO and EUROCONTROL have devised the “Ad- comfort and satisfaction. However, all those things can-
vanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control Sys- not be provided without proper management organiz-
tem” (A-SMGCS) to ensure the safety and the efficiency ation and good organization of the grand holding. Of
of surface traffic on the airport movement area (runways, course the cost value should be the most important cri-
taxiways and apron area) (Eurocontrol 2015). terium in the quality of handling service, because the
The most extensive studies were provided by a Por- total quality of service is the single and the most import-
tuguese team of scientists (Casaca et al. 2015). They ex- ant issue in providing a passenger service successfully.
plain that the present level of technological development That is why the innovation in airport design should take
in information and communication technologies allows into consideration the following aspects:
defining a low cost platform for the vehicle navigation 1. First the future project should be dealing in par-
component of the A-SMGCS, and gives a good present- allel with two areas:
ation and ideas on how to use and integrate widely –– air navigation system;
known communication network systems, such as: Wi-Fi, –– airport infrastructure.
TETRA, CDMA and WiMAX, to optimize the ground 2. The usage of new technology in ground handling
vehicle movement within a local area airport network. for almost two decades has centred on ground
Azorín Gonzalez et al. stated that the optimization transport interchange.
of future ground operations of aircraft cannot be un- 3. Human errors in all aspects should be reduced in
derstood without studying the main platforms. For this the aviation market. Obviously, the high service
purpose two projects stand out – Next Gen. and SECAR quality leads to customers’ retention, which has
(Azorín Gonzalez et al. 2013). shown to be cheaper in the long term, with high
The Next Gen. Air Transportation System (Next Gen) levels of customer turnover.
aims to transfer America’s air traffic control system from
the current ground based system to a satellite based system 2. Design of future airports
with a GPS technology feature. They assume that when Innovation in airport design has a crucial role in the avi-
dealing with airport operations, some points override oth- ation safety chain, linking airline safety with their pas-
ers. These points were grouped in the following way: senger security and customer freight. They are centres of
i) A-CDM (Airport Collaborative Decision Mak- economic activity that attract business parks and serve
ing); as multi-modal transfer points. It is a complex of new-
j) unambiguous communications; design airport buildings and security infrastructure sys-
k) runway entrance control; tems that serve the needs of a variety of interests from
l) no confusing lights – less stop and go; time to time. Most of these interests are concentrated
m) continuous taxi speed – improved controller in the new-construction terminal building (airline park
efficiency; with their aircraft for loading and unloading, passen-
n) optimizing the use of available infrastructure; gers’ baggage and their transportation between ground
o) A-SMGCS (Advance Surface Movement Guid- transport and aircraft). Airlines, the airport operator,
ance and Control Systems). and businesses want to provide continuous services and
This study only dealt with aircraft departure and assist passengers and airport visitors, and the terminal
runway occupation and holding time. They looked at the building supports these activities. Future concepts of
optimization only from the aircraft’s point of view, re- modern airports address three basic elements:
gardless of other conditions surrounding it. –– more comfortable handling of passengers;
Around 90% of airports’ infrastructures using a –– capacity and quality increase with a high level of
ground handling system and with good management of air operations;
it can be regarded as having a good aviation project man- –– reduction of the environmental impact on nature
agement. That is why the innovation in airport design using clean energy projects, for example to re-
should give a realistic overview of a typical service pro- duce CO2.
vider involved in airlines, airports, as well as in high Larger airports have grown, and this has provided
quality and safety manufacturing operations. Also, it is the knowledge on how to predict and solve the major
obvious that the innovations in airport design should problems, such as optimal use of the airport capacity, in-
create the interdependence between the safety of aircraft sufficient runway capacity, etc.
operations and the satisfaction of passengers in terms of Nowadays, terminal buildings are renovated, up-
economical aspects. The most important airport features graded and modified. In addition, entertainment places
26 A. Medvedev et al. Innovation in airport design
were built to accommodate the growth in air travel. In What is more, the relation between the awareness of
the future, most of the existing airports will be renov- employees (team) and environmental protection can im-
ated taking into account the comfort of facilities, where prove the level of quality of airport project management.
the terminal building must be rebuilt within the con- The new approach to innovation in airport design
straints of the existing property, runway, boundaries and shows a wide and novel vision of work organization with
highway systems regarding the safety of continuing air- regard to natural environment protection that encom-
line operations. It is improbable that the future terminal passes:
buildings will be radically different in the basic concept, –– innovative technology combined with a new pro-
but surely they will be larger and busier than any airports ject process for leading an aviation project;
that currently exist. –– an improvement in acknowledging working
The traditional structure of an aviation project teams in an airport project;
management is characterized through routine work pro- –– a new solution to essential problems to achieve
cess and planning, organizing, controlling and coordin- success in the airport structure;
ation process, within the structure of line organization. –– education improvement of the aviation project
In order to achieve the proper capacity and quality, the team.
innovation in airport design should be assessed to avoid This concept provides guidelines for leading an avi-
problems with legislation. One of the ways to achieve ation project so as to decrease the cost level and improve
success in designing an airport is the choice of a suitable the level of aircraft safety and natural environment pro-
method in aviation project management. The survey of tection.
new areas of investigative co-operation in different sci-
entific disciplines is required. The necessary strategies 3. The perspective to airport design
of using modern technologies for safety and security are The perspective to airport design presents a new way of
one of the most important research areas. Integrating approaching the culture, structure and communication
technical, environmental, psychological and economical procedures of the team workers (Fig. 2). The methodo-
sciences (Fig. 1) creates the chances of a better result in logy should be based on the following aspects:
airport design. 1. Defining the problem or challenge and mission
Moreover, airports’ design should be based not of the airport project.
only on the supervision of procedures, the power of 2. Logical structuring of the airport project regard-
aviation project management, and the formal security ing the interim results and specific activities.
rules to obey, but also on passengers’ rights. Despite this, 3. Correlating the decision-making process when
the project tools for airport design are well known and developing the airport project with natural en-
available, e.g. risk analyzes, planning, organizing, doing, vironment protection.
controlling and budgeting. Aviation projects could fail. Planning and controlling the timeline, money, qual-
This is not due to lack of methods and techniques, but ity, information and communication in the organization
sometimes due to poor correlation between the innov- of the airport project.
ation power of doing aviation projects and the human That is why the good airport design could give a
resource management dealing with natural environment perspective systematic way of developing of the process.
protection.
INNOVATION
INNOVATION IN AIRPORT
IN AIRPORT DESIGN
DESIGN
Personal development
Inspiration
SAFETY OF NATURAL Personal growth
PSYCHOLOGY Core Qualities
ENVIRONMENT
Leadership
Fig. 1. Integration of different scientific disciplines for Fig. 2. The new perspective to airport design (Ofman 2001)
innovation in airport design (Augustyn 2010)
Aviation, 2017, 21(1): 23–28 27
The innovation in airport design could be created on a When the airport project definition is clear, the pro-
minimum of two or more pillars. The two pillars give ject team is able to carry out activities in the structure of
support to leading an airport project based on: project.
–– finding and making the optimum use of the Moreover, instead of following a strictly logical
power of imagination, the power of co-operation linear approach, the project team should use a creative
and the power to shape structure; structuring process. The desired result of any aviation
–– synergy of viewing leadership as a personal de- project is a control factors during the project set up:
velopment perspective to obtain a good result of timeline, money, quality, organization, communication
the project team work and the success from an and environmental law (Fig. 3). These control factors in-
aviation product perspective. fluence the project’s result as a quality product. Together,
Additionally the innovation in airport design the control factors allow:
should correlate with three perspectives and three –– for an effective project team (organization)
powers for the enterprise. within a certain period (timeline);
1. The personal development perspective is suppor- –– making use of budget (money);
ted by the power of Imagination. –– using data (information), culture, passenger
2. The project team’s perspective and the power rights;
of Co-operation, the target being team synergy, –– remaining in close contact (communication)
mutual trust and good management of relation- with the natural environment.
ships in and around the aviation project. In other words, the new perspective to aviation pro-
3. The project perspective, supported by the power ject management proposes a process for obtaining a high
to Shape, ensures the management of time, quality level of an aviation product.
money, quality and other control factors. Without innovative data collection methods, it is
Aviation projects are very often successful when the impossible to include any innovation in airport design
investor, project team and line managers choose to face that would match with a new secure and progressive avi-
the challenge together. This provides involvement, posit- ation market.
ive energy, satisfaction and a good desired result. New technologies give us a wide selection of choices
The following elements are provided as an example of data collection units, such as:
based on a good aviation project targeted at successfully a) positioning system sensors, like GPS sensors and
defining passenger IDs: a peeling system.
–– the airport project mission; b) video information. Using special intelligent
–– the airport project challenge and problem of programs which transfer video images into an
definition; event log. For example from a video image the
–– the desired airport project result; program can set a protocol about trolley No. 20
–– the demarcation of the aviation project result; reach point x at time 21h34m12s. This program
–– the airport project effects; may something like the Real-time Transport
–– the impetus of the airport project; Protocol (RTP). (Schulzrinne et al. 2003).
–– the preconditions under which the airport pro- c) information interpretation from various ele-
ject is enacted. ments of the system that uses various sensors
installed in the system elements.
Organization
Money
Timeline