Geology Ch.

3 Minerals
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1. The addition of ________ influences a mineral's color. A. 8. The external expression of a mineral's orderly A.
internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as:
A. Trace elements
B. Pigment A. its crystal form.
C. Protons B. its streak.
D. Water C. its specific gravity.
D. its luster.
2. All of the following criteria define a mineral except: A.
E. its hardness.
A. It is organic. 9. A geode contains minerals that form through False
B. It has a well-defined chemical composition. biological processes.
C. It is inorganic.
D. It has an orderly internal structure. True
E. It is naturally occurring. False
3. The amount or quality of light that is reflected from C. 10. Graphite and diamonds are polymorphs because True
a mineral surface is known as __________. both are made up of carbon atoms.

A. transparency True
B. color False
C. luster
11. Hardness describes a mineral's __________. D.
D. crystallization
E. streak
A. strength
4. ________ are groups of the same kinds of atoms that C B. powdered form when rubbed on a streak plate
cannot be broken down into other substances by C. quality of reflectivity
ordinary chemical means. D. resistance to being scratched
E. crystalline structure
A. Electrons
12. An isotope of Oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, 18
B. Minerals
and 8 electrons. What is the atomic mass of this
C. Elements
isotope?
D. Molecules
5. The ________ are the mineral class that accounts for A. 16
more than 90% of the Earth's crust. 26
21
A. Silicates 18
B. Sulfides
13. ________ is the study of mineral materials. D.
C. Carbonates
D. Sulfates
A. Historical Geology
6. The ______ determines the chemical and physical A. B. Mineralosophy
properties of an atom. C. Lithology
D. Mineralogy
A. number of protons
14. Minerals must be solid, have an orderly atomic C
B. size of the valence electron shell
structure, have a recognized chemical composition,
C. number of electrons
be naturally occurring, and __________.
D. electrical charge
E. size of the nucleus
A. be reproducible in a laboratory setting
7. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in defined paths False B. made by organisms
like planets orbit the Sun. C. be generally inorganic in origin
D. be a highly valued natural resource
True found only in igneous rocks
False
15. Only eight elements make up the vast majority of B. 22. What causes a lack of cleavage in some minerals? D.
rock-forming minerals. Which of the following
elements is not one of the eight? A Bonds of differing strength in certain directions
B. The shape of the mineral
A. Potassium C. A small impurity in the atomic structure
B. Sulfur D. Bonds of equal strength in all directions
C. Oxygen E. The chemical composition of the mineral
D. Iron
23. What is an ion? A.
16. Polymorphs are minerals that will have two identical False
mineral structures, but different chemical A. An atom that has more or fewer electrons than it
compositions. should
B. An atom that has more or fewer protons than it
True should
False C. An atom that has more or fewer neutrons than it
should
17. The principal mineral used in making glass is: C
24. What is the basic foundation of Moh's hardness scale? D.
A. hematite.
B. talc. A. Crystal hardness is directly proportional to crystal
C. quartz. size.
D. copper. B. Hardness is related to the amount of time a mineral
E. gold. takes to precipitate.
C. Mineral hardness is comparable to mineral strength.
18. The property of cleavage reflects: ...
D. If a mineral scratches an object, then the mineral is
harder than the object.
A. the luster of the mineral.
E. Mineral hardness can be measured in absolute
B. the hardness of the mineral.
terms.
C. the streak of the mineral.
D. mechanical breakage along planes of weakness 25. What is the mineral name for table salt? B.
within the mineral.
E. the density of the mineral. A. Gypsum
B. Halite
19. Regardless of their size, most rocks are made up of C
C. Calcite
__________.
D. Dolomite
A. synthetic 26. Which identification technique would be best to C.
B. grains identify calcite?
C. minerals
D. magma A. Taste
B. Streak
20. A rock can be composed of almost entirely one true
C. Effervescence
mineral.
D. Magnetism
True 27. Which is the strongest of the atomic bonds? B.
False
A. Ionic
21. A scientist creates diamonds using high-pressure C.
B. Covalent
laboratory experiments. These diamonds are not
C. Hybrid
considered minerals because which of the following
D. Metallic
requirements has been violated?

A. Minerals must be solid.

B. Minerals must have a known chemical
composition.
C. Minerals must occur naturally.
D. Minerals must have an orderly crystalline
structure.
E. Minerals must be inorganic in origin.
28. Which of the following best describes the term E. 34. Which of the following substances is a mineral? A.
cleavage?
A. quartz
A. Cleavage is the colored mark that a mineral makes B. granite
when scratched on a porcelain tile. C. amber
B. Cleavage is the characteristic growth pattern or D. petroleum
shape of a mineral. E. pearl
C. Cleavage describes a mineral's resistance to
35. Why glass is not considered a mineral? E.
abrasion.
D. Cleavage describes the quality and amount of light
A. Glass is made by organisms.
reflected from a mineral surface.
B. Glass is not naturally occurring.
E. Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural
C. Glass is solid.
planes of weakness.
D. Glass has an unknown chemical composition.
29. Which of the following best describes the term streak? B E. Glass has a disorderly atomic structure.

A. The arrangement of atoms in an orderly, repetitive

structure.
B. The color of a powdered form of a mineral
produced by rubbing it across a hard surface.
C. When both light and an image are visible through a
mineral sample.
D. When no light is transmitted through a mineral
sample.
E. The amount or quality of light reflected from a
mineral surface.
30. Which of the following is a mineral? C

A. Water
B. Plastic
C. Ice
D. Granite
E. Charcoal
31. Which of the following is a rock composed of A.
nonmineral matter?

A. Coal
B. Granite
C. Limestone
D. Basalt
32. Which of the following is not one of the three primary C.
ways minerals can form?

A. Crystallization of molten material

B. Precipitation
C. Metamorphism
D. Biological Processes
33. Which of the following is not part of the definition of a B.
mineral?

A. Naturally occurring
B. Organic
C. Definite chemical composition
D. Orderly crystalline structure