Programme Name: Degree of Science (Biology)

Group:ASB5BI
Name: M.Haodi B wahid
ID : 2005735759
Title: Compare Aristotle’s science to Galileo’s science.

Aristotle was born in Stagira in north Greece, the son of Nichomachus, the court
physician to the Macedonian royal family. He was trained first in medicine, and then in 367
he was sent to Athens to study philosophy with Plato. Aristotle is generally regarded as one
of the most influential ancient thinkers in a number of philosophical fields, including political
theory.He was the first man to systematise Logic and he is said to have written 150
philosophical treatises.
Aristotle's really great contribution to natural science was in biology. He wrote in
detail about five hundred different animals in his works, including a hundred and twenty
kinds of fish and sixty kinds of insect.Aristotle was the first to think quantitatively about the
speeds involved in these movements. He made two quantitative assertions about how things
fall.Heavier things fall faster, the speed being proportional to the weight. The speed of fall of
a given object depends inversely on the density of the medium it is falling through, so, for
example, the same body will fall twice as fast through a medium of half the density.
Aristotle's thoughts on earth sciences can be found in his treatise Meteorology -- the word
today means the study of weather. He discusses winds, earthquakes (which he thought
were caused by underground winds), thunder, lightning, rainbows, and meteors and comets.
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564– 8 January 1642)was a Tuscan (Italian) physicist,
mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific
revolution. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated
motion, improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations.
Galileo's empirical work was a significant break from the abstract Aristotelian
approach of his time. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational
astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of science",and “the Father of
Modern Science. His contributions to observational astronomy include the discovery of the
four largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean moons in his honour, and the
observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and
technology, improving compass design.
For most people, in the 17th Century as well as today, Galileo was and is the ‘hero’ of
modern science. His way of thinking became the way of the scientific revolution.
Galileo began his critique of Aristotle in the 1590 manuscript, De Motu(deal with terrestrial
matter). For Aristotle, terrestrial matter is of four kinds (earth, air, water, and fire) and has
two forms, heavy and light, which by nature are different principles of (natural) motion, down
and up. Galileo, using an Archimedian model of floating bodies and later the balance, argues
that there is only one principle of motion, the heavy (gravity).He began to explore how
heaviness was relative to the different specific gravities of bodies having the same volume.
He was trying to figure out what is the concept of heaviness that is characteristic of all
matter.
In conclusion, both of them have their own idea and experties as a scientist to make
sure that science doesn’t have limitation.Aristotle contributed some excelent idea and
Galileo advanced and evaluated the idea so that any improvement in science could be
made.