Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint

Javítási-értékelési útmutató 1211

2012. május 15.

BIOLÓGIA
ANGOL NYELVEN

EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI

ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA
●
ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA

JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI
ÚTMUTATÓ

NEMZETI ERŐFORRÁS
MINISZTÉRIUM
Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

Instructions for marking the advanced written paper

1. Always use red ink.

2. Put a tick next to each correct answer. Each correct tick is worth one point. Half a
point is not to be given. If a question which is worth two points is answered correctly,
put two ticks.
3. If there is a correct answer to a question which is not included in the marking scheme
you can still accept it. The same principle applies to synonyms. (e. g.: platelets —
trombocytes)
4. The equally acceptable, alternative answers are separated with a backslash (/) in the
marking scheme.
5. At the end of each task add up the points in the grey boxes.
6. Mark each correct answer with a tick on the margin in the optional essay. In the
marking scheme only the most important terms and expressions are included in the
correct logical order. You can also accept the answers if they are logically built up
even if this logic is different from the one given in the marking scheme, unless it is
otherwise stated in the given task. In the end, please add up the points of the correct
answers and write them into the appropriate boxes of the summary chart.
7. In the essay, points can only be given for answers responding to the guiding questions.
8. If the candidate started answering both optional tasks (A and B) act according to the
instructions given under the heading of ‘Important Information’.
9. If the candidate is expected to formulate an answer in full sentences (e.g. reasoning
and explanations) only grammatically correct sentences can be accepted. Do not
subtract points for spelling mistakes but do not accept ambiguous sentences
either.

Good luck for your work.

írásbeli vizsga 1211 2/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

Marking scheme
I. Ferns and Cycads 9 points
This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.1
Source of Figures: original
Each correct answer is 1 point.
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D

II. Life in the Mediterranean Sea 9 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.3,
5.1.1 és 5.4.1. Source of Graph No1: Mojetta, Angelo: A Földközi-tenger Alexandra, 2005
nyomán Source of Graph No2:

1. The surface waters cool down, their density increases, as a result, the deeper and warmer
waters rise to the surface. Alternative wording is also acceptable. 1 point
2. Phosphorous: H2PO4- / HPO4 2- (the less soluble PO4 3- is also acceptable) 1 point
Nitrogen: NO3- 1 point
3. For the terminal oxidation. / They are involved in the electron transport. 1 point
4. The main source of each element is the slowly sinking organic matter of plant origin, it
takes time for them to break down.
Or: In the illuminated upper water layers the plants extract nitrogen and phosphorous and
accumulate them in their bodies.
Other explanation(s) with similar contents can also be accepted. 1 point
5. In winter: the nutrients are available everywhere (the water is mixing). 1 point
In summer: the nutrients are more abundant in deep water layers and the far too strong
light on the surface inhibits photosynthesis / in layers deeper than that the illumination is
very weak.
(The answer should include the interaction between both the light intensity and the source
of nutrients. The point can only be given if both conditions are mentioned.) 1 point
6. Reasons for growth: increasing temperature / illumination / availability of (still) abundant
nutrient supply. (Two conditions are to be named) 1 point
Reasons for decline: depletion of nutrient supply (because the mixing process ceases to
operate / the nutrients accumulate in the living organisms) / inhibitory effect of the
increasing intensity of sunlight/illumination (which is now too strong) in the surface
waters.
Reference to the idea that as the temperature of the water increases its gas dissolving
capacity decreases is also acceptable.
(Two conditions are to be indentified to receive the point) 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 1211 3/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

III. Breaking the genetic code 11 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 6.1.1-2

1. If there were base duplets it would only be possible to code for 42=16 amino acids while
there are 20 (21) amino acids occurring in living things. (43=64 possible arrangements are
enough to code for that many) 1 point
2. ribosomes 1 point
3. phosphoric acid / phosphate group 1 point
sugar / ribose / pentose 1 point
4. (poli)condensation / ester formation. 1 point
5. Eight different combinations (AAA, AAU, AUA, UAA, AUU, UAU, UUA, UUU).
1 point
They can code for six different amino acids, 1 point
because there is one STOP codon among them, 1 point
and one amino acid can be coded for by two triplets. 1 point
6. the ratio of leucine to izoleucine: 1:2 1 point
7. 6 (= 1296). giving the mathematical expression is sufficient, the calculation is not reqired)
4

1 point

IV. Microscopic investigation 9 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 1.1.; 3.4.3.

1. A and D 2 points
2. the magnification of the objective lens is to be multiplied by the eye piece lens
(the answer: multiplying the magnifications of the lenses is not to be accepted)1 point
3. Epidermis. 1 point
4. A and C 2 points
5. Meristematic tissue/cambium 1 point
6. No, because stomata were only to be found in the lower epidermis.
Or: No, because there were palisade mesophyll cells towards the upper surface and
spongy mesophyll cells towards the lower epidermis. 1 point
7. No, because the leaflets of the moss plant do not contain tissues. 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 1211 4/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

V. Levels of Organisation and Nutritional Types 7 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.2.1., 3.2. és 3.3.

Eukaryotes Heterotrophs

Animals with
pseudotissue

1. 6.
5.
7. 3.
4.

2. Chemotrophs

Each correctly placed answer is 1 point.

VI. Enforced Diet 8 points

The source of the text: Molnár Csilla: Üzemanyag-korlátozás
Magyar Nemzet, 2011.július 09.

1. x : (1.7)2 = 1.5 ;
which means that x = 1.5 (1.7)2 = 4.35 kg-is the amount by which the average body mass
decreased. 1 point
The point can only be given if the calculation is clearly shown.
2.
In 1980
Total number of people: 4500 million 100%
Number of diseased: 153 million 3.4 %.

In 2008
Total number of people: 6600 million 100%
Number of diseased: 347 million 5.26 %.
As a result the proportion of diabetics has grown by 1.86%. 1 point
The point can only be given if the calculation is clearly shown.

3.
1 mole glucose is 180 g
In 1 liter of blood there is 5.46 millimole = 5.46 . 0.18 = 0.9828 g
In 5 liters of blood: 4.91 g glucose. 1 point
Point can only be given if the calculation is clearly demonstrated. The calculations in
different orders are also acceptable.

4. the hormone of the adrenal cortex regulating sugar metabolism (e.g. cortisol) /
glucocorticoids
Glucagon is also acceptable. 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 1211 5/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

5. A and D 1+1 point, a total of 2 points

6. C 1 point
7. The human body is unable to manufactue these from other substances. / The body has to
take them up ready-made in the food. 1 point

VII. Pedigree analysis 9 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 6.2.1.
1. C 1 point
2. aa and ii 1 point
3. healthy with 1 point
either blood group A or B 1 point

4. from the father: a and i; 1 point

from the mother: A and IB 1 point
5.
a) a and i; 1 point
b) A and i; 1 point
c) there must have been recombination / crossing over . 1 point

VIII. Molecule identification 8 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 1.3.; 2.1.1.; 2.1.3.;
2.1.5.; 4.6.1.; as well as on the competent use of plant identification keys: 3.4.1.
Each correct answer is 1 point.

A) fibrinogen
B) insuline
C) myosin
D) haemoglobin
E) phosphatides
F) bile salts
G) chlorophyll
H) carotene

IX. Vessels and Organs 10 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.1.3, 4.3.2, 4.4.2,
4.7.1-2.
Figure: original

1. ureter 1 point
2. X 1 point
3. X 1 point
4. E 1 point
5. X 1 point
6. Y 1 point
7. B, C, D, G 1+1+1+1 = 4 points

írásbeli vizsga 1211 6/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

X. A Body fluids 20 points

1. the human blood 7 points
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. C
Each correct answer is 1 point.

2. Tissue circulation 13 points

As the tissue fluid is formed

• The blood plasma is 1 point
• filtered through 1 point
• the arterial end of the capillaries 1 point
• because it is here that the blood pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure of the
blood proteins. 1 point

Composition:
• When it is formed it is blood plasma without proteins 1 point
• into which white blood cells and 1 point
• immune protein (produced by the white blood cells) can get. 1 point
(Metabolic products of the cells and/or substances deriving from degraded cells are also
acceptable)

Function:
• Transport/exchange of substances between the blood and the cells 1 point
• Immunity 1 point

Streaming:
• Some of it is taken back into the capillaries (towards the venal end) 1 point
• because here the blood pressure is lower than the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma
(proteins) 1 point
• Some of it gets into the lymph capillaries 1 point
• where the lymphatic streaming is ensured by the (suction force of) the heart / lower
pressure of the venal system / difference in pressure 1 point

X. B Nature conservation and genetics 20 points

This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 5.3, 5.4.3, 5.5,
6.3.1, 6.3.2 pontjai alapján készült.

Extinction threshold (9 points)

1. inbreeding 1 point
2. genetic drift 1 point
3. increasing 1 point
4. decreasing 1 point

írásbeli vizsga 1211 7/8 2012. május 15.

Biológia angol nyelven — emelt szint Javítási-értékelési útmutató

5.
• The alleles causing diseases / abnormalities / mortality are mostly recessive (therefore
their effect is not expressed in heterozygote condition), 1 point
• the genetic make up of close relatives is similar, therefore among their offspring the
probability of homozygous recessive conditions / the occurrence of diseased or
abnormal individuals is higher. 1 point

6.
• The adaptability of the population is based on the increasing proportions of individuals
with more favourable phenotype / traits (alternative wording is also acceptable),
1 point
• If the diversity is small at the beginning of the process, selection does not have much
to select from (alternative wording is also acceptable). 1 point

7. immigration / mutation 1 point

Means of nature conservation – essay (11 points)

•
o The idea of genetic diversity at the level of genes (e.g. number, frequency of
alleles)
o at the level of ecosystem (e.g. species richness of communities / diversity of
communities in bioms
Example for economic and medical significance:
o crossing with wild growing species / sources of raw materials for medicines
o natural enemies of pests / tourism
Or other two good example
• Destructive anthropological effect:
o hunting and fishing / habitat distruction (monoculture, cities, industry) / habitat
fragmentation
o trade and commerce / pollution of the environment (DDT, pesticides)
o introduction of new species
Any three examples or their concrete cases to be named.
• International agreements on(their names are not required but their objectives are):
o trade in endangered species (Washington Convention, CITES)
Species richness / biological diversity (Rio Convention
o protection of Wetlands (Ramsar Convention)
protection of cultural and natural heritage (World heritage)
The aims of any two international conventions in nature conservation are to be
discussed.
• Identifying one connection between consumer habits and the ecosystem of distant lands
E.g.: Coffee consumption – increasing areas of coffee plantation in the tropics.
Air conditioning – Due to increased energy consumption the ice coverage is melting,
shrinking of polar bear habitats..

• Any example for active nature conservation practice:

E.g. assisted reproduction and repatriation of endangered species. / Habitat reconstruction,
/Grazing and grass cutting on mountain pastures.

írásbeli vizsga 1211 8/8 2012. május 15.