Amherst-Pelham School's Motion To Dismiss

Case 3:17-cv-30146-MGM Document 31 Filed 01/16/19 Page 1 of 21
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
MICHAEL HOOTSTEIN, pro se

Plaintiff
v.
CASE NO. 3:17-CV-30146-MGM
AMHERST-PELHAM REGIONAL SCHOOL
COMMITTEE,
Defendant
DEFENDANT’S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR

EMERGENCY PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
The Defendant, the Amherst-Pelham Regional School Committee (“Committee”),
respectfully requests that the Court deny the Plaintiff, Michael Hootstein’s (“Mr. Hootstein”)
Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction. Mr. Hootstein has no standing, he states no
viable cause of action against the Committee, neither he nor his grandson has suffered any harm,
and the Committee has fully complied with all laws and regulations related to its drinking water.
Mr. Hootstein’s Motion has no basis in fact or law and should be denied.
Lacking a meritorious legal claim or any showing of irreparable harm, Mr. Hootstein
instead makes misleading or inaccurate factual statements and lodges personal attacks against the
Committee, its Superintendent and its counsel. Conspicuously absent from his motion is the fact
that the most recent testing data from the Committee’s schools reveal no violations of state or
federal lead standards and compliance with the lead Action Level. In addition, Mr. Hootstein’s
complaints have already been reviewed and rejected by state and federal regulators.
For example, in 2016, Mr. Hootstein complained about lead in the drinking water in the
Committee’s schools to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). The EPA reviewed
and declined his request for further investigation. See Exhibit 1. In September 2018,
Client Matter/27988/00006/A5823932.DOCX 1
Mr. Hootstein filed another complaint, this time with the EPA’s Office of the Inspector General
(“OIG”) alleging fraud, deception and “potentially criminal conduct” by the Committee’s
Superintendent, Dr. Michael Morris, along with the EPA Region I Drinking Water Chief and the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection’s (“MassDEP”) Deputy Director. See
Exhibit 2. The EPA OIG also rejected Mr. Hootstein’s complaint. See Exhibit 3.
Like Mr. Hootstein’s prior complaints, this Motion should also be denied. The
Committee fully complies with federal and state law. Moreover, the Committee voluntarily
participated in MassDEP’s $2.75 million Lead in School Drinking Water Assistance Program in
2016-2017, along with over 150 other communities and more than 800 schools throughout the
Commonwealth. Under the program, the Committee tested all of the sinks and drinking fixtures
in its schools. The Committee followed all of MassDEP’s recommendations for fixtures that
tested over the state and federal Action Level, including the removal and or replacement of over
150 fixtures and daily flushing of fixtures kept in service. See Exhibit 5. As a result, all of the
drinking sources in all of the Committee’s buildings now exceed EPA’s and MassDEP’s
standards for lead and copper.
For these reasons, Mr. Hootstein’s Motion should be denied and this case dismissed.
FACTUAL AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND 1
Safety standards for lead in drinking water are set by the federal government and
implemented by the States. The Safe Drinking Water Act (“SDWA”) is the primary federal law
addressing the safety of public water supplies. 42 U.S.C. §§ 300f et seq. (1991 & Supp. 2000).
First enacted in 1974, and substantially amended in 1986, 1996 and 2016, the Act is administered
1
Exhibit 4, MassDEP’s May 2017 Final Report on the Massachusetts Assistance Program for Lead in School
Drinking Water provides an excellent overview of the manner in which federal and state law regulates lead in
drinking water. See pp. 9-11. A capsule summary of the legal and regulatory scheme is also provided here and
in the Committee’s Memorandum in Support of Its Motion to Dismiss.
through programs that establish standards and treatment requirements for public water supplies,
finance drinking water infrastructure projects, promote water system compliance, etc. See id.
The SDWA vests the EPA with setting national health-based standards for drinking water, and
then authorizes States to implement and enforce those standards. 42 U.S.C. §§ 300f, 300g-1.
State Primacy Under the SDWA
In addition to their own drinking water programs and regulations, States can apply to the
EPA for “primacy” – the authority to implement and enforce the SDWA. 42 U.S.C. § 300g-
2(a)(2). States are awarded primacy only if they can demonstrate that their state laws and
regulations are as stringent as federal regulations. Id. Massachusetts received primacy in 1993.
U.S. v. Mass. Water Resources Auth., 256 F.3d 36, 41 (1st Cir. 2001), Exhibit 4, p. 9.
Lead Copper Rule
The SDWA vests authority in the EPA to promulgate and enforce two types of water-
purity standards: maximum contaminant levels (“MCLs”) and treatment techniques. Id. at 38.
The EPA’s Lead Copper Rule (“LCR”) is the specific regulation under the SDWA which
regulates lead and copper in drinking water. 40 C.F.R. 141 et seq. Because lead primarily enters
drinking water through lead pipes, solder, old fixtures and service lines, (i.e., source waters are
rarely the cause of elevated lead levels in drinking water), the LCR is designed to reduce the
corrosiveness of pipes, solder, fixtures, etc. The LCR applies to Public Water Systems (“PWSs”)
and similar entities, including about 800 PWSs in Massachusetts. See 40 C.F.R. 141.80. The
Committee is not a PWS or otherwise subject to the LCR. See 310 C.M.R. 22.06B(1)(a).
The LCR does not set an MCL for lead. Instead, the LCR establishes an Action Level
and a Corrosion Control Treatment technique for lead. 40 C.F.R. 141.80. The Action Level for
lead is 0.015 milligrams per liter (mg/L), or 15 parts per billion (ppb). 2 Id. However, exceeding
the Action Level is not itself a violation. Instead, if the Action Level is triggered, the PWS is
required to take additional actions including: (1) the collection of additional water quality data
of the source water; (2) conducting public education; and (3) evaluating corrosion control
treatments and installation of such treatments if needed. See 40 C.F.R. 141.80-90; see generally
310 C.M.R. 22.06B. If a corrosion control treatment was in place at the time the Action Level
was triggered, the PWS is required to commence lead line replacements. See id.
Massachusetts Drinking Water Regulations
The SDWA and LCR are implemented in Massachusetts through 310 C.M.R. 22.06B,
“Control of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water.” MassDEP assumes responsibility for the
enforcement of safe drinking water standards in the Commonwealth, including primacy to
oversee and implement the SDWA and LCR. See id. Like the federal government,
Massachusetts regulates lead and copper in drinking water at the PWS level, rather than on an
end-user, building or individual fixture level.
PWSs and similar entities subject to the LCR work with MassDEP to develop sampling
plans to fulfill their obligations under the LCR. Id. The sampling plan is based on an evaluation
of materials used in the water distribution system and service lines. Each sampling plan
identifies service locations (single and multi-family residences) that are most likely to have high
levels of lead due to the presence of lead service lines, lead interior plumbing, or copper pipes
with lead solder. The number of samples to be collected depends on the population served. Id.
2
Mr. Hootstein repeatedly refers throughout his Memorandum to a 5 ppb lead limit. This is the U.S. Food &
Drug Administration threshold for bottled water. It does not apply PWSs and is not applicable to any of the
issues in this case. Mr. Hootstein also suggests the Committee acts in bad faith by having a bottled water cooler
in the Central Office building. Mr. Hootstein’s criticism is unfair. Bottled water has long been provided
because there are no water fountains within the Central Office suite for students, visitors or staff.
All PWSs and other water suppliers are required to collect lead and copper samples from
at least two schools or early education and care program facilities in each sampling period. Id.
Samples are analyzed at a state-certified laboratory and results are provided to schools and
residents. If an Action Level is exceeded, the PWS must take additional corrective actions, as
described above. If the PWS failed to take any of the required corrective actions, it is in
violation of the LCR and enforcement actions are initiated. Id.
Lead Contamination Control Act
The Lead Contamination Control Act (“LCCA”) of 1988 is the most significant
amendment to the SDWA specifically aimed at reducing lead and copper in school drinking
water. 423 U.S.C. § 300j-21 et seq. The initial amendment required the EPA to recall lead-lined
water coolers in schools and to issue a guidance document and testing protocol for states to assist
schools in identifying and correcting lead in school drinking water. 42 U.S.C. § 300j-24(d).
Major portions of the LCCA were amended in 1996 after the Fifth Circuit found that the Act’s
mandate that States repair, replace, remove or render inoperable all drinking water coolers which
were not lead free was an “‘unconstitutional intrusion on the States’ sovereign prerogative.”
ACORN v. Edwards, 81 F.3d 1387, 1394-95 (5th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 117 S.Ct. 2532 (1997).
Additional amendments were made to the LCCA in the 2016 Water Infrastructure
Improvements for the Nation Act (“WIIN Act”) which generally sought to address lead in PWSs
and to increase compliance assistance for small or disadvantaged communities. Importantly, the
WIIN Act, § 2107, replaced the SDWA Subsection 1464(d) [42 U.S.C. § 300j-24(d)] with the
establishment by the EPA of a voluntary program for testing lead in drinking water at schools.
See 42 U.S.C. § 300j-24(d). Under the revised programs, states choosing to institute lead
monitoring programs are eligible for grants to carry out those programs. See id.
Thus, under the LCCA, schools which are not themselves PWSs are not directly subject to the
LCR, and their participation in lead monitoring programs is voluntary. Nevertheless,
participation among Massachusetts schools has been robust.
The Committee Participated in MassDEP’s $2.75 Million

“Lead in School Drinking Water Assistance Program”
In 2016, Governor Charlie Baker and State Treasurer Deborah Goldberg launched the
Lead in School Drinking Water Assistance Program funded with $2.75 million from the
Massachusetts Clean Water Trust. See Exhibit 4, p.3. The goal of the program was to assist
Massachusetts public schools to voluntarily test for lead and copper in drinking water. In its first
year, the program tested the drinking water fountains and other fixtures in more than 800 school
facilities. Id. at 4. Due to its success, the program was re-launched for the 2017-2018 year.
The Committee chose to participate in the voluntary program. Affidavit of Michael
Morris (“Morris Aff.”), ¶3. The Committee, whose jurisdiction includes Amherst-Pelham
Regional High School and Amherst-Pelham Middle School, tested water in all of its buildings.
See id., ¶¶2-4; Exhibit 5. Water outlets which tested at or above the state Action Level were
identified and immediate corrective measures were undertaken according to MassDEP and EPA
protocols. See id. Corrective actions included the removal and/or replacement of over 150
fixtures in those buildings. See Exhibit 5. The Committee continued testing and remediation
throughout 2016 and 2017 to ensure all drinking water sources in the schools met EPA and
MassDEP standards. See id. As a result of the collaboration between the Committee, the
Amherst Department of Public Works and MassDEP, all of the drinking sources in all school
buildings within the Committee’s jurisdiction now exceed the standards set by the EPA and
MassDEP for both lead and copper. See Morris Aff., ¶4; Exhibit 5.
Despite the Committee’s compliance with MassDEP and EPA protocols, Mr. Hootstein
has sought to challenge the Committee’s actions with respect to the drinking water in several
forums (in addition to the action before this Court), including complaints to the EPA and the
EPA OIG. See Exhibits 1-3. In November 2016, EPA responded to Mr. Hootstein’s concerns
regarding the drinking water in the Amherst schools by noting that “the [Amherst school]
District is communicating with MA DEP and is taking action to address high lead levels in
school drinking water.” Exhibit 1. EPA further informed Mr. Hootstein that:
In accordance with MA DEP’s recommended follow up steps for schools with

results above the state Acton Level, the [Amherst school] District chose to
implement a number of protective measures to reduce lead exposure. For all taps
with sample results exceeding the state Action Level, the District either removed
fixtures from service until repairs can be made, dismantled fixtures identified as
rarely used, or instituted daily flushing protocols. Id. (emphasis added).
In September 2018, Mr. Hootstein complained again, this time to the EPA’s OIG.
Exhibit 2. In October 2018, EPA’s OIG determined that Mr. Hootstein’s complaint did “not
warrant further consideration.” See Exhibit 3. 3 In November 2018, the EPA further responded
to Mr. Hootstein’s continued complaints by noting that the Amherst school district had taken
steps that have “significantly reduced lead in drinking water, with all fixtures used for drinking,
food preparation, or medical uses now below 15 ug/L, and most well below that.” Exhibit 7.
The EPA further “commend[ed] the coordinated efforts the MA DEP and the [Amherst School]
District have taken to address lead in drinking water in Amherst.” Id.
After Extensive Repairs, the Current Lead Testing Data Show No Exceedances
of the Lead Action Level
Mr. Hootstein refers to various testing results in his Memorandum, almost all of which
are outdated and fail to reflect extensive repairs undertaken by the Committee as suggested by
3
The Committee attempted to obtain the EPA OIG’s original email to Mr. Hootstein. Because of the ongoing
federal government shutdown, the Committee was unable to obtain the original document.
MassDEP. The testing data is attached as Exhibit 5, and the entries highlighted in pink in that
exhibit are among the testing results referred to by Mr. Hootstein in pp. 2-4 of his Memorandum.
Table 1 below summarizes many of the test results Mr. Hootstein references but for which he
fails to include the most recent data and repairs by the Committee. In each instance, the most
recent test result, after the repairs were done, was under the lead Action Level. If the fixture re-
tested above the Action Level after repairs, the fixture was removed.
Table 1: Excepts of Lead Testing Data from Exhibit 5
School Location Hootstein Hootstein Action Taken by Re-Sample Re-Sample

Testing Testing Committee Date Testing
Reference Reference Result
Date Result
Middle Pool, near Boy’s 9/7/16 250 ppb Replace supply line and 8/3/17 6.3 ppb
Locker Room connector.
Middle Family Center 9/7/16 120 Replace supply line and 8/3/17 4.3
connector; replace fixture.
Middle Health Room 9/7/16 60 Replace supply line and 8/3/17 7.7
connector; replace fixture.
Middle Pool, near Girl’s 9/7/16 83 Replace supply line and 8/18/17 4
Locker Room connector.
Middle Room C-28 9/7/16 220 Replace supply line and 8/18/17 12.8
Faucet (H. refers connector; replace fixture.
to as “bubbler) Fixture removed after re-
sample.
Middle Room C-7A 9/7/16 110 Replace supply line and 8/18/17 19.7
Faucet (H. refers connector; replace fixture.
to as “bubbler) Fixture removed after re-
sample.
Middle Bubbler in 9/7/16 100 Replace supply line and 8/3/17 1.7
Hallway near connector; replace fixture.
Room C-4, left
Wildwood ELL Room, left 9/1/16 67 Replace supply line and 3/2/17 6.2
connector, fixture, shutoff
valve, and rigid piping from
supply line to wall.
Wildwood Food Prep sink, 9/1/16 22 Replace supply line and 5/4/17 2.3
left connector, fixture and rigid
piping from supply line to
wall.
Wildwood Food Prep sink, 9/1/16 23 Replace supply line and 5/4/17 1.1
right connector, fixture and rigid
piping from supply line to
wall.
Wildwood Kitchen Kettle 9/1/16 18 Replace supply line and 5/4/17 3.3
(H. refers to as connector, fixture and rigid
“Food Prep”) piping from supply line to
wall.
Wildwood Room F-4 9/1/16 53 Replace fixture, supply line 5/4/17 4.5
Bubbler and connector, shut off
Wildwood Room F-3 9/1/16 50 Replace fixture, supply line 3/2/17 7.9
Wildwood Room K-1 9/1/16 44 Replace fixture, supply line 2/3/17 1.8
Mr. Hootstein also refers to several testing results from the Fort River Elementary
School, 4 although he fails to mention the most-recent repairs and test results. For example,
Mr. Hootstein states that even after repairs, “there was still 650 ppb lead in tap water of the
school Health Room.” See p.4 (emphasis original). Mr. Hootstein neglects to state that the
Committee completed further, subsequent repairs by replacing the wall piping. After that repair,
the water was retested on June 1, 2017 at 1.3 ppb, well below the lead Action Level. See
Exhibit 5, p.3.
ARGUMENT
I. Preliminary Injunction Standard
“A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary and drastic remedy that is never awarded as
of right.” Voice of the Arab World, Inc. v. MDTV Med. News Now, Inc., 645 F.3d 26, 32 (1st
Cir. 2011) (internal quotations and citations omitted). “Absent something that indicates a need
4
It should be noted that the elementary schools in Amherst and Pelham, including Wildwood and Fort River, are
not under the jurisdiction of the Defendant, Amherst-Pelham Regional School Committee, which oversees the
Regional Middle and High Schools. The elementary schools in each town are under the jurisdiction of their
respective municipal School Committees.
for immediate relief, a plaintiff's request for a preliminary injunction ordinarily ought to be
rejected.” Matos v. Clinton Sch. Dist., 367 F.3d 68, 74 (1st Cir. 2004) (emphasis is original).
“The district court determines whether to issue a preliminary injunction by weighing four
factors: (1) the likelihood of success on the merits; (2) the potential for irreparable harm if the
injunction is denied; (3) the balance of relevant impositions, i.e., the hardship to the nonmovant
if enjoined as contrasted with the hardship to the movant if no injunction issues; and (4) the
effect (if any) of the court’s ruling on the public interest.” Bl(a)ck Tea Soc’y v. City of Boston,
378 F.3d 8, 11 (1st Cir. 2004). Irreparable harm is a necessary threshold showing to obtain
preliminary injunctive relief, which rests squarely on the moving party. See Matos, 367 F.3d at
73; Ross-Simons of Warwick, Inc. v. Baccarat, Inc., 217 F.3d 8, 13, 18 (1st Cir. 2000).
Mr. Hootstein can satisfy none of these elements.
II. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate a Likelihood of Success on the Merits
A likelihood of success on the merits is the sine qua non of the preliminary injunction
inquiry: “if the moving party cannot demonstrate that he is likely to succeed in his quest, the
remaining factors become matters of idle curiosity.” Wine & Spirits Retailers, Inc. v. Rhode
Island, 418 F.3d 36, 46 (1st Cir. 2005). Mr. Hootstein cannot succeed on the merits of his claim
because: (1) he lacks standing to maintain this action; (2) his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim is
preempted by the SDWA; and (3) he cannot prove any due process claim. 5
A. Mr. Hootstein Lacks Standing to Maintain This Action
Mr. Hootstein cannot succeed on claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Fourteenth
Amendment because he has no standing to assert these claims. “In every federal case, the parties
5
As set forth in Defendant’s Reply in Support of its Motion to Dismiss, Mr. Hootstein has not disputed that
Count II of his Complaint, a claim under Article 97 of the Amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution must
be dismissed because there is no private right of action under Article 97. See Deft.’s Reply, ECF No. 17, 1; see
also Enos v. Sec. of Envt’l Affairs, 432 Mass. 132, n. 7 (2000); Chase v. Trust of Public Land, 2008 WL
642635 (Mass. Land Ct. Mar. 11, 2008).
bringing the suit must establish standing to prosecute the action.” Messere v. White, 2013 WL
141660, at *3 (D. Mass. Jan. 9, 2013). “To establish standing, it does not suffice for plaintiffs to
show merely that they bring a justiciable issue before the court; they must show further that they
have a sufficiently personal stake in the issue.” Becker v. Fed. Election Comm’n, 230 F.3d 381,
385 (1st Cir. 2000). Plaintiffs must show: (1) they have suffered or are in danger of suffering
some injury that is both concrete and particularized to them; (2) that this injury is fairly traceable
to the allegedly illegal conduct of the defendant; and (3) that a favorable decision will likely
redress the injury. Id. The plaintiff thus must have “personally suffered an injury” that can be
redressed by the Court. Andre v. Moriarty, 2011 WL 1456773, at *10 (D. Mass. Apr. 4, 2011).
It is not sufficient, for example, that one’s family member has suffered an injury, or that
one is a taxpayer concerned by government operations. See, e.g., Andre, 2011 WL 1456773 at
*10 (finding husband could not maintain claims for actions concerning his wife, noting he
“lack[ed] standing to sue under § 1983 because he has not personally suffered an injury”);
Messere, 2013 WL 141660, at *3-4 (a taxpayer concerned that government officials have
misspent his tax dollars lacks the “concrete and particularized” injury that Article III requires)
(citing DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. 332, 344 (2006).
Mr. Hootstein has not, and cannot, shown he has suffered any injury “that it both concrete
and particularized” to him. Mr. Hootstein complains of the risk of “being lead-poisoned at an
Amherst public schools” (Compl., ECF No. 1, ¶ 4) and seeks orders compelling the Committee
to take a list of steps with regards to drinking water at the public schools. Compl., ¶¶ 14-16.
However, Mr. Hootstein is neither a student nor teacher at the school, and does not explain how
he personally is at any risk of injury. Mr. Hootstein refers to himself as a “whistle blower” and
“custodial grandparent” of an Amherst-Pelham Regional High School student. However, he
asserts no actual harm to himself or his grandson, and cites only to the “emotional distress” of a
grandfather of a student, as his alleged personal injury. Pl.’s Mem., ECF No. 25, 1, 12. 6
Mr. Hootstein’s alleged status as a “custodial grandparent” of one of the Committee’s
students confers him no standing. Under Rule 17(c)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,
only a general guardian, committee, conservator or “like fiduciary” may sue on behalf of a minor
or incompetent person. Mr. Hootstein’s Complaint contains no allegations establishing such
status. In addition, even if he could establish his status as a proper legal representative for his
grandson, such claims cannot be brought “pro se,” as Mr. Hootstein has done here. See, e.g.,
Morgan v. Morgan, 2017 WL 449584, at *2 (D. Mass. Feb. 1, 2017) (“to the extent that
[plaintiff] seeks to assert claims on behalf of his children, he may not do so because he is not a
duly-licensed attorney admitted to practice in this Court.”); Pineda v. Dept. of Children &
Families, 2016 WL 6661143, at *2 (D. Mass. Nov. 9, 2016) (plaintiff was not a licensed attorney
and therefore could not represent her children’s interest pro se). Mr. Hootstein has no standing
to maintain this action, and therefore cannot succeed on the merits.
B. The SDWA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Enforcement Scheme Precludes

Any Private Right of Action Under § 1983 and the Fourteenth Amendment
As set forth in the Committee’s Memorandum In Support of its Motion to Dismiss and its
Reply, the SDWA precludes both statutory and constitutional claims brought under § 1983. “It
is well established that 42 U.S.C. § 1983 does not confer substantive rights, but rather provides a
vehicle to redress deprivation of rights already secured.” Andrew S. ex rel. Margaret S. v.
School Comm. of Town of Greenfield, 59 F.Supp.2d 237, 241 (D. Mass. 1999). To prevail in an
6
Claims for emotional distress based on harm to a family member may not be maintained under § 1983. Rivera
v. Diaz, 2010 WL 1542191, at *3 (D.P.R. Apr. 15, 2010) (“Because Co-Plaintiffs § 1983 claim is based solely
upon the emotional effect that Plaintiff's alleged false arrest, incarceration, and prosecution had on his family
members, Co-Plaintiffs do not have standing to assert a valid claim under § 1983.”) (citing Pittsley v. Warish,
927 F.2d 3, 8 (1st Cir.1991)).
action brought under § 1983, a plaintiff must show that he or she was deprived of a right,
immunity, or privilege secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States by a person
acting under the color of state law. Maine v. Thiboutot, 448 U.S. 1, 9-10 (1980); Pittsley v.
Warrish, 927 F.2d 3, 6 (1st Cir. 1991); Greenfield, 59 F.Supp. at 241.
Thus, a plaintiff may not pursue a private right of action under § 1983 unless Congress
intended to preserve a right of action under that section to redress alleged violations under the
federal law in question. And, “when remedial devices provided in a particular Act are
sufficiently comprehensive, they may suffice to demonstrate congressional intent to preclude the
remedy of suits under § 1983.” Middlesex County Sewerage Auth. v. National Sea Clammers
Ass’n, 453 U.S. 1, 20-22 (1981) (comprehensive enforcement schemes of Clean Water Act and
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act preclude § 1983 action); see also Garcia v.
Cecos Int’l, Inc., 761 F.2d 76, 82-83 (1st Cir. 1985) (comprehensive enforcement scheme under
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act precludes right of action under § 1983).
The First Circuit has explicitly held that the SDWA’s comprehensive regulatory scheme,
which confers rights of action on both the government and private citizens, precludes the
availability of § 1983 as a device for pursuing claims. Mattoon v. City of Pittsfield, 980 F.2d 1,
5-6 (1st Cir. 1992). “Like the statutes at issue in Sea Clammers and Garcia, the SDWA
establishes an elaborate enforcement scheme which confers rights of action on both the
government and private citizens.” Id.
Specifically, the SDWA establishes “national primary drinking water regulations,” which
“shall apply to each public water system in each State.” Williams v. Pac. Gas. & Elec. Co., 2016
WL 4134513, *3 (C.D. Cal. Aug 2, 2016), quoting, 42 U.S.C. § 300g. The SDWA requires the
EPA Administrator to “publish maximum contaminant level goals and to promulgate, by rule,
national primary drinking water regulations.” Id., quoting, 42 U.S.C. § 300g-1. The SDWA
further establishes an elaborate enforcement scheme by which the Administrator may bring civil
actions to compel SDWA compliance against violators, and citizens may initiate enforcement
proceedings against alleged SDWA violators and against an Administrator for failure to perform
non-discretionary duties under the SDWA. Mattoon, 980 F.2d at 5; Williams, 2016 WL
4134513, at *3; 42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-3(b), (g)(1), 300j-8. The SDWA’s establishment of an
“express, private means of redress” demonstrates that Congress did not intend to leave open a
more expansive remedy under § 1983. Williams, 2016 WL 4134513, at *3, quoting, City of
Rancho Palos Verdes, Cal. v. Abrams, 544 U.S. 113, 120-21 (2005) (in determining whether a
statute preempts a § 1983 claim, “[t]he crucial consideration is what Congress intended.”).
While the Sixth Circuit in Boler v. Earley, 865 F.3d 391 (6th Cir. 2017), in the wake of the
Flint, Michigan water crisis, held that the SDWA does not preempt § 1983 claims based on
constitutional violations, that decision, unlike Mattoon, is not binding on this Court. No other
court has followed Boler outside of the Sixth Circuit. 7 This is unsurprising, as Boler relies on the
mistaken view that the Supreme Court’s decision in Fitzgerald v. Barnstable Committee, 555 U.S.
246 (2009) fundamentally altered the preemption analysis.
Fitzgerald does no such thing. Instead, Fitzgerald provided an additional framework for
determining whether constitutionally-based § 1983 claims are precluded while confirming that the
comprehensiveness of a statute’s remedial scheme is the primary factor in determining
7
Mattoon has been the law in this Circuit for a generation and has been followed in at least 25 cases holding that
the SDWA prompts § 1983 claims. See, e.g., Nitao v. Pac. Gas & Elec. Co., 2016 WL 4154932, at *4 (C.D.
Cal. Aug. 4, 2016) (relying on Mattoon and finding plaintiff’s § 1983 claims that defendant violated his civil
rights by injecting uranium and arsenic above federal standards are preempted by SDWA); Jenkins v. Pac. Gas
& Elec. Co., 2016 WL 4149952, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 2016) (“Because the SDWA preempts all other forms
of federal relief for SDWA violations, the SDWA preempts Plaintiff's civil rights claims under sections
1983…”); Ford v. California, 2013 WL 1320807, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 2, 2013) (“The SDWA preempts all
other forms of federal relief for a violation of the SDWA, including ... section 1983 constitutional right
claims”).
congressional intent. Id. at 253 (“[i]n determining whether a subsequent statute precluded
enforcement of a federal right under § 1983, we have placed primary emphasis on the nature and
extent of that statute’s remedial scheme”). Fitzgerald also reaffirmed the Court’s analysis in Sea
Clammers, Smith and Rancho Palos Verdes, that “[w]hen the remedial devices provided in a
particular Act are sufficiently comprehensive, they may suffice to demonstrate congressional
intent to preclude the remedy of suits under § 1983.” Id. at 253. It is for this reason that
Mr. Hootstein’s argument (that the SDWA does not preempt his claims because the Committee is
not a PWS subject to the SDWA) fails.
The SDWA sets out a comprehensive regulatory scheme for determining how to regulate
lead in drinking water, whom to regulate, sets safe drinking water standards, requires all public
water systems to comply with those standards, gives the EPA Administrator broad enforcement
authority to require compliance, gives private citizens the right to sue SDWA violators and the
EPA Administrator, and allows for injunctive relief and an award of attorney’s fees and costs.
See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. §§ 300g, 300g-3(b), (g)(1), 300j-8. Although the SDWA’s savings clause
(42 U.S.C. § 300j-8(e)) preserves other statutory or common-law claims, there is no evidence
whatsoever that Congress intended to preserve a private, constitutional right of action for the
infringement of some undefined “right to clean water” as a means to upend the SDWA’s
carefully-crafted regulatory and enforcement scheme. The comprehensiveness of the SDWA
demonstrates precisely the opposite. The SDWA, therefore, bars Mr. Hootstein’s claims.
C. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate A Reasonable Likelihood of Success on

Any Due Process Claim
The existence of “comprehensive federal statutory schemes, such as the SDWA, preclude
rights of action under § 1983 for alleged deprivations of constitutional rights in the field
occupied by the federal statutory scheme.” Mattoon, 980 F.2d at 3; see also Smith v. Robinson,
468 U.S. 992 (1984) (Education of the Handicapped Act provides exclusive remedy even where
plaintiffs assert constitutional claims); Brown v. Gen. Servs. Admin., 425 U.S. 820, 824-25
(1976) (§ 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides exclusive remedy for challenging racial
discrimination in federal employment even if that discrimination was unconstitutional). Here,
Mr. Hootstein’s Fourteenth Amendment claim is virtually identical to his failed § 1983 claim,
both of which are precluded by the SDWA. As such, he cannot assert them independently.
Robinson, 468 U.S. at 1009. Because the SDWA preempts Mr. Hootstein’s § 1983 and
Fourteenth Amendment claims, he cannot succeed on the merits.
Even if Mr. Hootstein’s § 1983 and Fourteenth Amendment claims were not preempted
by the SDWA, he does not state, and therefore cannot show a likelihood of success on his due
process claim. As the Boler court recognized, no courts have found there is a constitutional right
to safe drinking water, which is the central basis for Mr. Hootstein’s claims. 865 F.3d at 409,
n.4; Compl., ¶3 (asserting the Committee is depriving plaintiff, and others, the “right to clean
water” under the Fourteenth Amendment and Article 97 of the Mass. Constitution).
Perhaps in recognition of this fact, Mr. Hootstein appears to now rely on two theories for
this claim: the “state-created danger doctrine,” which he raises only in response to the
Committee’s Motion to Dismiss (see, e.g., Pl.’s Opposition to Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 14,
pp. 1, 11; Pl.’s Reply, ECF No. 21, p. 2), and a “due process family integrity right” he raises in
his preliminary injunction filing. See Pl.’s Mem., p.6. Neither should save his Complaint from
dismissal.
Establishing a due process violation through the state-created danger doctrine requires
showing: “(1) an affirmative act by the state which either created or increased the risk that the
plaintiff would be exposed to an act of violence by a third party; (2) a special danger to the
plaintiff wherein the state’s actions placed the plaintiff specifically at risk, as distinguished from
a risk that affects the public at large; and (3) the state knew or should have known that its actions
specifically endangered the plaintiff.” Boler, 865 F.3d at 408 (emphasis added). Mr. Hootstein
cannot show and has not adequately pled these elements. First, the Committee has taken no
affirmative act to increase the risk that Mr. Hootstein would be exposed to an act of violence by
a third party. Mr. Hootstein cannot show he has been put at risk for any injury. To the contrary,
the Committee has affirmatively acted to reduce the risk to the students, teachers and staff by
participating in MassDEP’s lead testing program. See Exhibit 5. Finally, Mr. Hootstein cannot
show that he has been in any specific danger, or that the Committee knew he would be
specifically endangered, compared to the public generally.
Mr. Hootstein also has not shown a reasonable likelihood of success on his “due process
family integrity right” claim. Mr. Hootstein has not been denied the care, custody, or
supervision of his grandchild (to the extent he has such rights) as a result of the Committee’s
actions. See Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000) (recognizing “[t]he interest of parents in
the care, custody, and control of their children”). The cases Mr. Hootstein cites regarding the
“due process family integrity rights” are wholly unrelated to the issues in this case. E.g., Suboh
v. Dist. Attorney's Office of Suffolk Dist., 298 F.3d 81 (1st Cir. 2002) (plaintiff alleged she was
deprived custody of daughter); Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668 (9th Cir. 2001)
(plaintiff alleges she was given false information regarding the whereabouts of her son); J.B. v.
Washington Cty., 127 F.3d 919, 922 (10th Cir. 1997) (plaintiff alleges her child was improperly
seized from family home for eighteen hours). Mr. Hootstein has not and cannot put forth any
viable due process claim. Therefore, even if his claims were not precluded by the SDWA, he is
not likely to succeed on the merits.
III. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate Irreparable Harm
“[I]rreparable harm is a necessary threshold showing for awarding preliminary injunctive
relief.” Matos, 367 F.3d at 73. Mr. Hootstein cannot make that showing. As detailed above (pp.
8-9) and in Exhibit 5, the Committee’s drinking water fixtures satisfy the EPA and MassDEP
lead Action Level. Mr. Hootstein ignores this most recent testing data in his Memorandum. His
suggestion of irreparable harm is plainly contradicted by the most recent testing data completed
after repairs were done by the Committee. In every instance, the results satisfied the EPA and
MassDEP requirements.
Furthermore, Mr. Hootstein has failed to show he, as the sole plaintiff in this case, has
suffered any cognizable harm, or will suffer irreparable harm necessary absent an injunction.
Mr. Hootstein points to no irreparable harm but a “grandfather’s fear, emotional distress and
sleep-deprived injury,” related to his grandson attending the Regional High School. Pl.’s Mem.,
p.12. As discussed above, such an injury cannot sustain a § 1983 claim. See § II.A, supra.
Even if Mr. Hootstein did identify some cognizable harm caused by the Committee, his
claim of irreparable harm is belied by the fact that he did not seek a preliminary injunction for
well over a year after he filed his Complaint. Even in cases (unlike this one) where there exists a
presumption of irreparable harm, a delay can rebut that presumption, as it “undercuts the sense of
urgency that ordinarily accompanies a motion for preliminary relief and suggests that there is, in
fact, no irreparable injury.” Voice of the Arab World, Inc., 645 F.3d at 35; see also Health New
England, Inc. v. Trinity Health - New England, Inc., 2016 WL 4925780, at *4 (D. Mass. Sept.
14, 2016) (Mastroianni, J.).
Mr. Hootstein claims he only now brings this motion due to “newly gleaned case
evidence. This “new evidence” consists of a document showing bottled water was purchased by
the Committee and a self-serving document written by Mr. Hootstein purporting to summarize
Amherst school water testing results from 2016 and January 2017—all well before Mr. Hootstein
filed his Complaint. None of this information is new, and none of it shows irreparable harm.
IV. The Balance of Harms and Public Interest Weigh Against the Issuance of a
Preliminary Injunction
The balance of harms and public interest weigh against the issuance of a preliminary
injunction. Both Congress and the Massachusetts Legislature have determined the manner in
which to regulate public drinking water, including at schools. Their policy decision was to
regulate PWSs, not individual property owners, schools or fixtures, and to do so at an Action
Level of 15 ppb; not 1 or 5 ppb. Mr. Hootstein can allege no actual legal or regulatory violation
by the Committee because there is none. His Complaint reveals his true motive – to have this
Court impose upon the Committee the proposed Massachusetts Act Ensuring Safe Drinking
Water at Schools and Early Childhood Programs, see Compl., ¶¶ 1 and Prayer for Relief E,
which the Legislature has not adopted and the Governor has not signed. In the absence of any
showing of irreparable harm, the public interest weights in favor of leaving such legislative and
policy decisions to Congress, the Legislature and state and federal regulators.
In addition, the public interest weighs against creating a new cause of action under either
§ 1983 or the Due Process Clause based on testing results and repairs made as part of
MassDEP’s voluntary Lead in School Drinking Water Assistance Program. As MassDEP
reports, “approximately 72 percent of participating school buildings had one or more fixtures
exceeding the AL [Action Level] for lead or copper.” Exhibit 4, p.4 (emphasis added). Creating
a cause of action here against the Committee would certainly implicate numerous other schools
throughout Massachusetts, all of whom, like the Committee, have not violated any law or
regulation.
Finally, an award of a preliminary injunction to Mr. Hootstein is against the public
interest because it would discourage schools from participating in the Lead in School Drinking
Water Assistance Program. One of the hallmarks of the program is its transparency. Id. at p.19.
All testing data is posted on MassDEP’s website within two weeks. Id. Penalizing a school with
potential third-party liability and “emergency” injunctive relief will only discourage such
participation and all the beneficial repairs completed under the program. The Committee and all
public schools should be encouraged, not discouraged, from participating in the program.
CONCLUSION
For these reasons, the Committee respectfully requests this Court deny Mr. Hootstein’s
Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction.
AMHERST-PELHAM REGIONAL
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
By its attorneys,
/s/ David K. McCay

David K. McCay, Esq., BBO #646921
Catherine G. Curley, Esq., BBO #687568
Mirick, O’Connell, DeMallie & Lougee, LLP
1800 West Park Drive, Suite 400
Westborough, MA 01581-3926
Phone: (508) 898-1501
Fax: (508) 983-6273
Dated: January 16, 2019
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I, David K. McCay, Esq., hereby certify that this document(s), filed through the ECF
system will be sent electronically to the registered participants as identified on the Notice of
Electronic Filing (NEF) and paper copies will be sent to those indicated as non-registered
participants on January 16, 2019.
/s/ David K. McCay

David K. McCay
Case 3:17-cv-30146-MGM Document 31-1 Filed 01/16/19 Page 1 of 68
E X HI BI T 1
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i n vi ol ati o n of M A G e n e r al L a w s, C h a pt e r 2 6 5 § 2 8, t h e st at e f el o n y p oi s o ni n g st at ut e
D e a r E P A I n s p e ct o r G e n e r al,
I’ m a c u st o di al g r a n d p a r e nt a n d h y d r o g e ol o gi st w h o di s c o v e r e d a l o n g ti m e a g o
t h at I h a v e a p a s si o n f o r p r ot e cti n g d ri n ki n g w at e r a n d h u m a n h e alt h. S o, w h e n, i n
S e pt e m b e r, 2 0 1 6, A m h e r st, M A S c h o ol S u p e ri nt e n d e nt Mi k e M o r ri s e m ail e d u s p a r e nt s
t h e r e s ult s of c o m p r e h e n si v e l e a d t e sti n g p e rf o r m e d b y U M a s s w at e r s ci e nti st s (f u n d e d
b y a $ 3 milli o n E P A/ D E P g r a nt), I a n al y z e d t h e d at a a n d w a s s h o c k e d t o l e a r n d ri n ki n g
w a t e r i n 5 of 6 A m h e r st s c h o ol s ( w h e r e m y g r a n d s o n att e n d s s c h o ol) w a s/i s d a n g e r o u sl y
m o r e l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d t h a n Fli nt d ri n ki n g w at e r!
O n O ct o b e r 1 9, 2 0 1 6, I e m ail e d t h e n E P A A d mi ni st r at o r Gi n a M c C a rt h y, a n ol d
a c q u ai nt a n c e: " D e a r Gi n a , I t ell a n e pi c st o r y a b o ut R e c o nt e k, I n c. a n d h o w E P A
A d mi ni st r at o r M c C a rt h y, t h e n [ 2 7 y e a r s a g o] t h e E x e c. S e c. of t h e Sit e S af et y C o u n s el,
a d vi s e d u s t h e n y o u n g p a s si o n at e d ef e n d e r s of e n vi r o n m e n t/ d ri n ki n g w at e r/ p u bli c
h e alt h li k e m e … t h at a s ci e ntifi c al l y b a s e d a r g u m e nt …w o ul d b e t h e v e r y b e st w a y t o
m o v e t h e C o u n s el t o d e ci d e i n o u r f a v o r. Y o u r a d vi c e w a s v e r y wi s e t h e n a n d I h o n o r y o u
f o r y o u r l e a d e r s hi p a n d f o r p r o vi di n g m e wit h di r e cti o n a n d p u r p o s e i n m y d ri n ki n g
w at e r p r ot e ct o r eff o rt s … Pl e a s e u s e y o u r b ull y p ul pit t o d o w h at y o u c a n t o h el p o u r
A m h e r st R e gi o n al S c h o ol s t a k e e m e r g e n c y “ g et t h e l e a d o ut” p r ot e cti o n a cti o n … w e h a v e
o b s e r v e d t h e r at e s of s c h o ol c hil d r e n wit h l e a r ni n g di s a biliti e s h a v e i n c r e a s e d
e x p o n e nti all y. W e b eli e v e t hi s i s m o st li k el y a r e s ult of l e a d i n s c h o ol d ri n ki n g
w at e r … H a vi n g vi e w e d t h e C o n g r e s si o n al H e a ri n g s i n w hi c h E P A [ Gi n a] w a s s k e w e r e d
a l o n g wit h t h e Mi c hi g a n G o v e r n o r, it w o ul d b e a n i n s pi ri n g a n d s elfl e s s a ct of g o v e r ni n g
o n y o u r p a rt t o t e a m u p wit h [ S e n at o r] D u c k w o rt h a n d y o u r h o m e st at e of M A t o h el p u s
fi n d a n e m e r g e n c y s ol uti o n t o o u r [ A m h e r st s c h o ol] l e a d p r o bl e m."
2
O n N o v e m b e r 2 4, 2 0 1 6, E P A W at e r C hi ef D o w ni n g r e s p o n d e d o n Gi n a' s b e h alf:
" E P A R e gi o n 1' s D ri n ki n g W at e r Q u alit y a n d P r ot e cti o n U nit h a s b e e n a s si g n e d t o
r e s p o n d t o y o u r c o n c e r n s … I n r e s p o n s e t o y o u r c o n c e r n s, w e h a v e c o m m u ni c at e d wit h all
p a rti e s, r e vi e w e d s a m pli n g d at a a n d s u p p o rti n g i nf o r m ati o n, a n d c o m p a r e d r e s p o n s e
p r ot o c ol s … E P A R e gi o n 1 h a s c o nfi r m e d t h at t h e Di st ri ct i s c o m m u ni c ati n g wit h M A D E P
a n d i s t a ki n g a cti o n t o a d d r e s s hi g h l e a d l e v el s i n s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r." T hi s i s t h e
fi r st ti m e M s. D o w ni n g fl at o ut li e d t o m e - b ut n ot t h e l a st.
Wit h t h e s ol e o bj e cti v e of p r e v e nti n g t h e c o nti n u e d l e a d- p oi s o ni n g of m y o w n

g r a n d s o n, 2 6 0 0 ot h e r A m h e r st, M A s c h o ol c hil d r e n, 1/ 2 milli o n s c h o ol c hil d r e n t h r o u g h o ut
M a s s a c h u s ett s a n d 1 3 milli o n s s c h o ol c hil d r e n t h r o u g h o ut t h e U S, I r e s p e ctf ull y a s k t h e
E P A Offi c e of t h e I n s p e ct o r G e n e r al t o pl e a s e r e vi e w m y si m pl e pi e c h a rt a n al y si s a n d
c o st- eff e cti v e s c h o ol l e a d r e m e di ati o n pl a n ( e n gi n e e r e d b y V A T e c h P r of e s s o r M a r c
E d w a r d s). S u c h a r e vi e w will p r o vi d e t h e I n s p e ct o r G e n e r al n e c e s s a r y b a c k g r o u n d t o
p e rf o r m a f ai r a n d i m p a rti al i n v e sti g ati o n of m y all e g ati o n s m a d e a g ai n st t h e a b o v e
n a m e d g o v e r n m e nt offi ci al s w h o c o nti n u e t o o b st r u ct a n d i nt e rf e r e wit h t h e s ci e ntifi c
a n al y si s/ r e m e di ati o n of al a r mi n gl y hi g h l e v el s of l e a d i n A m h e r st S c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r,
a n d i n t hi s m a n n e r, ai d a n d a b et S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s' l e a d- p oi s o ni n g of A m h e r st
st u d e nt s ( m y g r a n d s o n, all hi s t e a m m at e s a n d cl a s s m at e s) i n t h e S u p e ri nt e n d e nt' s c a r e
a n d c o nt r ol.
T h e si m pl e pi e- c h a rt b el o w ill u st r at e s t h e q u alit y of A m h e r st Mi d dl e S c h o ol
d ri n ki n g w at e r (t h e m o st l e a d- p oi s o n e d A m h e r st S c h o ol) o n S e pt e m b e r 7- 9, 2 0 1 6 , w h e n
5 0 % of l e a d t e st s e x c e e d e d t h e al a r mi n gl y hi g h S D W A " A cti o n L e v el" a n d 7 5 % of l e a d
t e st s e x c e e d e d t h e s af e F D A l e a d li mit f o r b ottl e d w at e r, m a ki n g A m h e r st Mi d dl e S c h o ol
d ri n ki n g w at e r u nfit f o r h u m a n c o n s u m pti o n.
A m h erst Mi d dl e S c h o ol 1st Dr a w n
Dri n ki n g W at er 9 / 7 / 2 0 1 6 & 9 / 9 / 2 0 1 6
L e a d T e sts
E xc e e di n g S af e Li mits
2 t ests wit hi n s af e li mit e q u al t o or
l ess t h a n 1 p p b l e a d
e x c e e ds 1 p p b A m eri c a n
8 t ests A c a d e m y of P e di atri cs s af e
l e a d li mit
2 2 t ests e x c e e ds 5 p p b F D A s af e l e a d
8 t ests li mit f or b ottl e d w at er
e q u als or e x c e e ds 1 5 p p b
l e a d " A cti o n L e v el" u nfit f or
h u m a n c o ns u m pti o n
3
P r of e s s o r E d w a r d' s c o st- eff e cti v e s c h o ol l e a d r e m e di ati o n pl a n c all s f o r 4-5

i n di vi d u all y pl u m b e d l e a d-filt e r e d ( n ot t o e x c e e d t h e 5 p p b F D A s af e li mit) h y d r ati o n
st ati o n s ( wit h r e al-ti m e w a r ni n g s y st e m s t o i nf o r m w h e n filt e r s n e e d c h a n gi n g) t o b e
i n st all e d i n e a c h l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d A m h e r st s c h o ol, at a n e sti m at e d c o st of $ 2, 0 0 0 p e r
u nit a n d a p p r o xi m at el y $ 8, 0 0 0 - $ 1 0, 0 0 0 p e r s c h o ol, a b a r g ai n w h e n c o m p a r e d t o t h e
billi o n s of d oll a r s o u r n ati o n al " s c h o ol t o p ri s o n pi p eli n e" c ri si s ( p r e s u m a bl y f u el e d b y t h e
l e a d- p oi s o ni n g of o u r c hil d r e n) c o st s u s.
A b b r e vi at e d F a ct s & All e g ati o n s
1) O n O ct o b e r 1 2, 2 0 1 7, I ( a n u n r e p r e s e nt e d p r o s e liti g a nt) fil e d a ci vil ri g ht s

c o m pl ai nt i n f e d e r al c o u rt ( C a s e 3: 1 7- c v - 3 0 1 4 6- K A R) all e gi n g A m h e r st R e gi o n al S c h o ol
C o m mitt e e c o nti n u e s t o a r bit r a ril y, i r r ati o n all y a n d k n o wi n gl y p r o vi d e m e a n d m y
g r a n d s o n l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r u nfit f o r h u m a n c o n s u m pti o n
d e c e pti v el y c e rtifi e d b y s c h o ol offi ci al s, E P A a n d D E P offi ci al s a s " s af e" ! I all e g e s u c h
c hil d- a b u si v e g o v e r n m e nt c o n d u ct d e p ri v e s m e ( a n d all p a r e nt s) a n d g r a n d s o n ( a n d all
s c h o ol c hil d r e n) of o u r ( a n d o u r c hil d r e n' s) i n di vi d u al ri g ht s t o b o dil y i nt e g rit y u n d e r t h e
1 4t h A m e n d m e nt t o t h e U. S. C o n stit uti o n.
2) O n N o v e m b e r 2 8, 2 0 1 6, I r e s p o n d e d t o M s. D o w ni n g' s N o v e m b e r 2 4, 2 0 1 6 l ett e r t o
m e: " T h e r e i s o n e c hil d- e n d a n g e ri n g a s p e ct t o E P A' s r e s p o n s e I a s k y o u t o pl e a s e
r e c o n si d e r. E v e n w hil e E P A c a n n ot p oi nt t o a si n gl e e vi d e n c e d- b a s e d st u d y i n s u p p o rt of
E P A' s u nt r u st w o rt h y "fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol s", E P A r e c kl e s sl y e n d o r s e s A m h e r st S c h o ol' s u s e
of fl u s hi n g t o p r e s u m a bl y dil ut e hi g h l e v el s ( m o r e t h a n 1 5 p p b) of l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d
s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r t o b el o w 1 5 p p b. U nf o rt u n at el y, E P A' s fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol s d o n't
w o r k … A s y o u a r e w ell a w a r e, E P A' s fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol s h a v e f ail e d t o d e c r e a s e
d a n g e r o u sl y hi g h c o n c e nt r ati o n s of l e a d f o u n d i n all t h r e e A m h e r st R e gi o n al S c h o ol s a n d
all t h r e e A m h e r st el e m e nt a r y s c h o ol s. S u c h hi g h c o n c e nt r ati o n s s u g g e st t h e A m h e r st
S c h o ol s h a v e b e e n i n a d v e rt e ntl y p r o vi di n g o u r c hil d r e n l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d d ri n ki n g
w at e r a n d f o o d …f o r y e a r s n o w. F u rt h e r m o r e, i n c r e a s e d r at e s of A m h e r st c hil d r e n wit h
l e a r ni n g di s a biliti e s i n o u r s c h o ol s s u g g e st t h e p o s si bilit y t h at l e a d i n g e st e d b y o u r
c hil d r e n at s c h o ol c a u s e o r c o nt ri b ut e d t o o u r c hil d r e n' s l e a r ni n g di s a bili ti e s."
3) M s. D o w ni n g' s l a c k of s ci e ntifi c E P A i nt e g rit y i n p r o m oti o n of E P A' s fl a w e d

fl u s hi n g p oli c y, ai d s a n d a b et s S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s t o k n o wi n gl y p r o vi d e m y c hil d a n d
all A m h e r st s c h o ol c hil d r e n l e a d- c o nt a mi n at e d s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r u nfit f o r h u m a n
c o n s u m pti o n d e c e pti v el y a n d e r r o n e o u sl y c e rtifi e d a s " s af e" .
4) T o t hi s v e r y d a y, A m h e r st S c h o ol S u p e ri nt e n d e nt Mi k e M o r ri s r eli e s o n M s.
D o w ni n g' s t a cit u n offi ci al b e hi n d g o v e r n m e nt d o o r s a p p r o v al of hi s c hil d- e n d a n g e ri n g 3 0 -
s e c o n d-fl u s h p r ot o c ol t o f r a u d ul e ntl y a n d d e c e pti v el y m a k e it a p p e a r fl u s hi n g r e d u c e s
d a n g e r o u s hi g h l e v el s of l e a d i n A m h e r st s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r , e v e n w hil e t h e s c h o ol' s
r e -t e sti n g d at a s u g g e st s t h e 3 0 s e c o n d fl u s h m a k e s A m h e r st s c h o ol w at e r m o r e l e a d-
p oi s o n e d, n ot l e s s.
5) A r e c e nt r e p o rt p u bli s h e d i n t h e I nt e r n ati o n al J o u r n al of E n vi r o n m e nt al R e s e a r c h
a n d P u bli c H e alt h o n J ul y 2 0, 2 0 1 8, p r o vi d e s e vi d e n c e- b a s e d d at a a n d a n al y si s
4
s u g g e sti n g S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s' r eli a n c e o n hi s 3 0- s e c o n d fl u s h p r ot o c ol i s m o r e li k el y

t h a n n ot, t o i n c r e a s e, n ot d e c r e a s e, l e a d l e v el s a n d e n d a n g e r A m h e r st s c h o ol c hil d r e n:
" T h e r e w a s a s m all b ut si g nifi c a nt i n c r e a s e i n w at e r l e a d aft e r t h e 3 0 s fl u s h … T h e
W a s hi n gt o n D C. U S A L e a d C ri si s ( 2 0 0 1- 2 0 0 4) fi r st d e m o n st r at e d t h at t h e st a n d a r d
w a t e r P b a v oi d a n c e fl u s hi n g g ui d a n c e w a s i n a d e q u at e d u ri n g A L e x c e e d a n c e s, a n d t h at
fl u s hi n g f o r o nl y 1 5- 3 0 s w o ul d di r e ctl y e x p o s e [ s c h o ol c hil d r e n] t o h a z a r d s of w at e r t h at
h a d b e e n h el d wit hi n t h e l e a d s e r vi c e li n e s."
6) P r of e s s o r s J o h n E. T o bi a s o n a n d D a vi d A. R e c k h o w of t h e U M a s s Ci vil a n d
E n vi r o n m e nt al E n gi n e e ri n g D e p a rt m e nt a r e t h e c o-p ri n ci p al i n v e sti g at o r s/ di r e ct o r s of
t h e U M a s s A m h e r st i m pl e m e nt ati o n f o r t h e M a s s D E P -f u n d e d “ M a s s a c h u s ett s
A s si st a n c e P r o g r a m f o r L e a d i n S c h o ol D ri n ki n g W at e r” f o r w hi c h t h e y r e c eiv e d
n u m e r o u s w ell -e a r n e d a w a r d s , a n d u p o n w h o s e t r u st w o rt h y d at a I b a s e m y a n al y si s.
7) E vi d e n c e s u g g e st s t h e a b o v e U M a s s A m h e r st P r of e s s o r s i nf o r m e d D E P t h e y
wi s h e d t o a n al y z e t h e st at e wi d e s c h o ol l e a d-t e sti n g d at a t h e y c o m pil e d, b ut w e r e
p r e v e nt e d f r o m d oi n g s o b y D E P D e p ut y Di r e ct o r Fi n e w h o p r e s u m a bl y t h r e at e n e d t o
wit h h ol d f ut u r e D E P g r a nt s f r o m t h e m i n r et ali ati o n s h o ul d t h e U M a s s p r of e s s o r s
p e rf o r m a c o m p r e h e n si v e st at e wi d e a n al y si s t h at w o ul d li k el y fi n d u p t o 1/ 2 milli o n
M a s s a c h u s ett s s c h o ol c hil d r e n a r e e x p o s e d t o u n s af e l e v el s of l e a d i n M A s c h o ol d ri n ki n g
w a t e r e a c h a n d e v e r y s c h o ol d a y.
8) E vi d e n c e s u g g e st s E P A R e gi o n 1 D ri n ki n g W at e r C hi ef D o w ni n g a n d D E P D e p ut y
Fi n e a r e p oliti c al o p e r ati v e s (f r o m o p p o si n g w a r ri n g D e m o c r ati c a n d R e p u bli c a n p a rti e s)
w h o b ot h l a c k t h e r e q ui r e d t e c h ni c al e x p e rti s e t o m a k e i nf o r m e d d e ci si o n s r el at e d t o t h e
s ci e ntifi c a s s e s s m e nt a n d r e m e di ati o n of d ri n ki n g w at e r.
9) E vi d e n c e al s o s u g g e st s D E P D ri n ki n g W at e r Di r e ct o r Y v ett e D e P ei z a, a hi g hl y
q u alifi e d w at e r s ci e nti st of c ol o r, a n d m ot h e r of a c hil d wit h a l e a d- p oi s o n e d r el at e d
di s a bilit y, i s p r e v e nt e d f r o m f ait hf ull y a n d h o n e stl y p e rf o r mi n g h e r D E P W at e r C hi ef
d uti e s b y M r. Fi n e w h o h ol d s p o w e r o v e r M s. D e P ei z a' s c o nti n u e d D E P e m pl o y m e nt a n d
p ri vil e g e s e r vi n g a s D E P D ri n ki n g W at e r Di r e ct o r.
1 0) S a dl y, M s. D e P ei z a i nf o r m e d m e l a st w e e k t h at K e n n et h P ell eti e r, t h e s ol e M A
D EP e m pl o y e e w h o o v e r s e e s t h e “ M a s s a c h u s ett s A s si st a n c e P r o g r a m f o r L e a d i n S c h o ol
D ri n ki n g W at e r” , h a d e m e r g e n c y s u r g e r y a n d i s n ot li k el y t o r et u r n t o w o r k f o r s o m e
ti m e. I p r a y f o r hi s h e alt h y r e c o v e r y.
1 1) M r. P ell eti e r i s t h e m o st h o n e st, r e s p o n si bl e, q u alifi e d, dili g e nt, c hil d- p r ot e cti v e

D E P offi ci al I' v e e v e r h a d t h e p ri vil e g e t o k n o w a n d w o r k wit h. H e i n s pi r e s m e t o k e e p
d oi n g w h at I c a n t o g et t h e l e a d o ut of s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r a n d d o w h at e v e r I c a n t o
li mit l e a d e x p o s u r e t o c hil d r e n at s c h o ol.
1 2) I a m i n p o s s e s si o n of n u m e r o u s e vi d e nti a r y e m ail c o m m u ni c ati o n s b et w e e n m e

andi n v ol v e d p a rti e s. I i nt e n d t o f o r w a r d t h e m t o t h e O I G a s s o o n a s I a m a bl e aft e r O I G
l et s m e k n o w w h et h e r it will f ai rl y i n v e sti g at e t h e s h o c ki n g all e g ati o n s I a m c o m p ell e d t o
m a ke h e r e i n d ef e n s e of m y o w n g r a n d s o n a n d 1 3 milli o n c hil d r e n n ati o n wi d e. M a y G o d
have m e r c y o n o u r s o ul s!
5
1 3) Si mil a rl y al a r mi n g a n d p ot e nti all y c ri mi n al c o n d u ct i s e vi d e n c e d b y A m h e r st

S c h o ol s' 2 0 1 7 - 2 0 1 8 fi n a n ci al r e c o r d s, w hi c h p r o v e S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s p u r c h a s e d
b ottl e d w at e r ( n ot t o e x c e e d 5 p p b l e a d) f o r hi m s elf a n d hi s A d mi ni st r ati v e st aff w h o s e
offi c e s a r e l o c at e d i n t h e Mi d dl e S c h o ol, b ut n ot f o r hi s Mi d dl e S c h o ol st u d e nt s a n d
t e a c h e r s w h o u n k n o wi n gl y c o nti n u e t o d ri n k l e a d- p oi s o n e d s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r u nfit
f o r h u m a n c o n s u m pti o n d e c e pti v el y c e rtifi e d a s " s af e".
1 4) I n J a n u a r y, 2 0 1 7, 7 4 o ut of 2 0 0 M A L e gi sl at o r s s p o n s o r e d t h e p r o p o s e d t h e
p r o p o s e d M a s s a c h u s ett s A ct E n s u ri n g S af e D ri n ki n g W at e r at S c h o ol s a n d E a rl y
C hil d h o o d P r o g r a m s, w hi c h r e q ui r e d t h e i m m e di at e s h ut off of s c h o ol d ri n ki n g o r c o o ki n g
w at e r o utl et s w h e r e w at e r c o nt ai n s m o r e t h a n 1 o n e p a rt p e r billi o n (" 1 p p b ") of l e a d a s
r e c o m m e n d e d b y t h e A m e ri c a n A c a d e m y of P e di at ri c s t o s af e g u a r d c hil d r e n.
1 5) P u bli c t e sti m o n y a n d c o n s pi c u o u sl y bl o c k e d F O I A R e q u e st s s u g g e st D E P D e p ut y
Di r e ct o r Fi n e c o r r u ptl y c o n s pi r e d b e hi n d cl o s e d g o v e r n m e nt d o o r s wit h M A W at e r W o r k s
(t h e M A P u bli c W at e r S u p pli e r U ni o n) a n d E P A, t o e n d a n g e r c hil d r e n a n d kill t h e
p r o p o s e d M a s s a c h u s ett s A ct E n s u ri n g S af e D ri n ki n g W at e r at S c h o ol s a n d E a rl y
C hil d h o o d P r o g r a m s l a w.
1 6) A J ul y, 2 0 1 8, t h e U nit e d St at e s A c c o u nt a bilit y Offi c e p u bli c ati o n, " L e a d T e sti n g of

S c h o ol D ri n ki n g W at e r W o ul d B e n efit f r o m I m p r o v e d F e d e r al G ui d a n c e", r e p o rt s m o r e
t h a n 1 3 milli o n A m e ri c a n c hil d r e n a r e e x p o s e d t o u n s af e l e v el s of l e a d i n s c h o ol d ri n ki n g
w at e r e v e r y s c h o ol d a y.
1 7) M s. D o w ni n g, E P A, M r. Fi n e, D E P a n d A m h e r st S c h o ol S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s , all
m a i nt ai n a n a r bit r a r y a n d i r r ati o n al p oli c y o r c u st o m of d eli b e r at e i n diff e r e n c e i n t h e
p r ot e cti o n of c hil d r e n, p a r e nt s, t e a c h e r s a n d s c h o ol st aff f r o m s e ri o u s a n d di r e i m mi n e nt
i nj u r y c a u s e d b y l e a d t o xi cit y.
1 8) M s. D o w ni n g' s, E P A' s, M r. Fi n e' s, D E P' s a n d S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s' s

u n r e a s o n a bl e c o n d u ct h a s c r e at e d, a n d c o nti n u e s t o c r e at e d a n g e r a n d vi ol at e
s c h o ol c hil d r e n' s, t e a c h e r s', s c h o ol st aff' s, p a r e nt s' a n d t h e p u bli c s' i n di vi d u al h u m a n
ri g ht s t o b o dil y i nt e g rit y.
1 9) M s. D o w ni n g, E P A, M r. Fi n e, M A D E P a n d S u p e ri nt e n d e nt M o r ri s k n o w t h at
t h eir i nt e nti o n al l e a d- p oi s o ni n g of c hil d r e n, t e a c h e r s a n d p a r e nt s, i s li k el y t o g o
u n d et e ct e d a n d/ o r u n p u ni s h e d b e c a u s e t h e r e e xi st s n o a d mi ni st r ati v e s y st e m of c h e c k s
a n d b al a n c e s wit hi n d y sf u n cti o n al g o v e r n m e nt a g e n ci e s.
2 0) N o f e d e r al o r st at e l a w r e g ul at e s l e a d i n M a s s a c h u s ett s s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r o r
att e m pt s t o li mit c hil d r e n' s l e a d- e x p o s u r e i n s c h o ol.
2 1) I n a b r o g ati o n of M s. D o w ni n g' s, E P A' s, M r. Fi n e' s, D E P' s a n d S u p e ri nt e n d e nt

M o r ri s' s p u bli c d ut y t o a ct i n t h e b e st i nt e r e st of c hil d r e n, t h e y c o nti n u e t o willf ull y
e x p o s e A m h e r st a n d M A st u d e nt s, t e a c h e r s a n d p a r e nt s t o d a n g e r o u s hi g h l e v el s of l e a d-
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li b e rt y ri g ht s i n t h e c a r e a n d p r ot e cti o n (i n t h e b e st i nt e r e st) of o u r c hil d r e n; a n d w e a r e
i nj u r e d a n d d a m a g e d i n o u r p r o p e rt y, p e r s o n al h e alt h, p h y si c all y, e m oti o n all y a n d
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w a t e r i s t h at it d o e s n’t r e s p e ct a n y p oliti c al b o u n d a r y, d o e s n’t gi v e a d a m n a b o ut h o w
m u c h m o n e y o r p o w e r y o u h a v e, t h e c ol o r of y o u r s ki n, y o u r r eli gi o n o r et h ni cit y, w h at
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affili ati o n, w h et h e r y o u' r e a l a w- e nf o r c e m e nt offi ci al o r l a w- b r e a k e r, a vi cti m, h o m el e s s
p e r s o n o r s ai nt, w o r ki n g- cl a s s h o m e o w n e r, r e nt e r o r c o r p o r at e C E O, E P A o r D E P offi ci al ,
a r eti r e d m a st e r c a r p e nt e r/ h y d r o g e ol o gi st li k e m e o r e v e n P r e si d e nt of t h e U nit e d St at e s ,
w h et h e r h e/ s h e b e n a m e d T r u m p o r O b a m a o r e v e n Cli nt o n - F U B A R!!!
I H e r ei n R e q u e st:
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c l ai m s a n d a ut h o ri z e Mi g u el D el T o ral t o e v al u at e t h e t e c h ni c al a s p e ct s of m y c o m pl ai nt
a s a m e m b e r of t h e OI G i n v e sti g ati v e t e a m; a n d
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c o n cl u di n g s c h o ol d ri n ki n g w at e r i n a n y A m h e r st s c h o ol i s u nfit f o r h u m a n c o n s u m pti o n,
I r e s p e ctf ull y a s k E P A t o r e m e di at e d a n g e r o u s l e v el s of l e a d i n s c h o ol w at e r a n d c o m p el
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s c h o ol c hil d r e n f r o m c o nti n u e d l e a d e x p o s u r e; a n d
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P r of e s s o r s J o h n E. T o bi a s o n a n d D a vi d A. R e c k h o w of t h e U M a s s Ci vil a n d
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P r of e s s o r s R e c k h o w' s a n d T o bi a s o n' s a bl e w at e r s ci e nti st g ui d a n c e.
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S u b s cri b e t o t h e D ail y H a m p s hir e
"I c a n't b eli e v e h o w r e c kl e s s a n d i r r e s p o n si bl e w e all ar e t o t u r n a G a z ett e, y o u r l e a di n g s o ur c e f o r
bli n d e y e t o l e a d p oi s o ni n g i n o u r s c h o ol s, " H o ot st ei n s ai d. n e w s i n t h e Pi o n e e r V all e y.
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E P A w o n't Case
p r o b e 3:17-cv-30146-MGM
c o m pl ai nt o v e r l e a d i n w Document
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d ri n ki n g w at e r i n s c h o ol s a n d c hil d c ar e f a ciliti e s, e x c e pt f o r s c h o ol s
a n d c hil d c ar e f a ciliti e s t h at o w n o r o p e r at e t h ei r o w n p u bli c w at e r
s u p pl y. T h o s e e ntiti e s ar e r e g ul at e d u n d e r t h e S af e D ri n ki n g W at e r
A ct, a n d E P A' s L e a d a n d C o p p e r R ul e e st a bli s h e s a l e a d a cti o n l e v el of
I S p a rt s p e r billi o n f o r t h e s e w at e r s y st e m s, t h o u g h t hi s a cti o n l e v el
f o r l e a d i s n ot a h e alt h - b a s e d st a n d a r d, b ut i s i n st e a d b a s e d o n E P A' s
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r e d u c e l e a d l e v el s at t h e t a p.
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m o nit o ri n g, a n d h e s u p p o rt s a c o n c e pt f r o m M a r c E d w a r d s, a
p r of e s s o r o f ci vil a n d e n vi r o n m e nt al e n gi n e e ri n g at Vi r gi ni a Tech
U ni v e r sit y, w h o h a s s u g g e st e d t h at s c h o ol s h a v e f o u r o r fi v e
i n di vi d u all y pl u m b e d l e a d -filt e r e d h y d r ati o n st ati o n s, wi t h r e al -ti m e
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" Mi c h a el h a s c o r r e ctl y i d e ntifi e d t hi s a s a si g nifi c a nt p u bli c h e alt h

i s s u e, " E d w a r d s s ai d.
T h e A m e ri c a n A c a d e m y of P e di at ri c s, h e s ai d, h a s r e c o m m e n d e d t h e
a cti o n l e v el b e s et at o n e p a rt o f l e a d p e r billi o n o r l e s s, w hil e t h e
F o o d a n d Dr u g A d mi ni st r ati o n i s a s ki n g f o r t h e a cti o n l e v el t o b e at 3
p a rt s o f l e a d p e r billi o n o r l e s s.
T h e E P A' s Offi c e of G r o u n d W at e r a n d D ri n ki n g W at e r t hi s m o nt h
i s s u e d a n 8 0 - p a g e v e r si o n o f " 3 T s f o r R e d u ci n g L e a d i n D ri n ki n g
W at e r i n S c h o ol s a n d C hil d C ar e F a ciliti e s: A T r ai ni n g, T e sti n g a n d
T a ki n g A cti o n A p pr o a c h" t h at s u p pl e m e nt e d a p r e vi o u s p u bli c ati o n
f r o m O ct o b e r 2 0 0 6. T hi s c o m e s a s t h e f e d e r al a g e n c y i s i n t h e p r o c e s s
o f r e vi si n g t h e L e a d a n d C o p p e r R ul e.
" E v e r y o n e k n o w it' s i n a d e q u at e. All a r o u n d t h e c o u nt r y e v e r y o n e i s

t r yi n g t o w o r k o ut h o w t o g et b ett e r wi t h o u t a n y offi ci al g ui d a n c e, "
E d w ar d s s ai d.
T h e h y d r ati o n u nit s w o ul d b e c h e a p er t h a n r e pl a ci n g l e a d e d pi pi n g
i nf r a st r u ct u r e, E d w a r d s s ai d, a n d i t w o ul d al s o b e l e s s e x p e n si v e t h a n
p r o vi di n g b ottl e d w at e r, a s B alti m o r e h a s d o n e f o r it s s c h o ol s, o r
att a c hi n g filt e r s t o e a c h f a u c et o r d ri n ki n g f o u nt ai n.
" T hi s s e e m s li k e a h a p p y mi d dl e g r o u n d, " E d w a r d s s ai d.
Fl u s hi n g i s al s o n ot s uffi ci e nt t o s ol v e t h e p r o bl e m, h e s ai d. " Fl u s hi n g
p r ot o c ol i s v e r y i n eff e cti v e t o t h e e xt e nt t h at s o m e w o ul d s a y it' s n ot
a n eff e cti v e m et h o d at all, " E d w a r d s s ai d.
H o ot st ei n s ai d h e h o p e s hi s c o nti n u e d l e g al a cti o n s will e v e nt u all y

w or k t o r e d u c e t h e l e a d c hil d r e n ar e e x p o s e d t o. " L e a d i s t h e e a si e st
t hi n g t o g et o ut o f w at e r, " H o ot st ei n s ai d.
S c ott M er z b a c h c a n b e r e a c h e d at s m er z b a c h @ g a z ett e n et. c o m.
a m h e r st m a (/ k e y w o r d/ ? k e y w o r d = a m h e r st m a)
s h ut e s b u r y m a (/ k e y w o r d/ ? k e y w o r d = s h ut e s b u r y m a)
f S h ar e o n F a c e b o o k Sf S h ar e o n T witt e r 0 S h a r e vi a E- M ail
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E X HI BI T 4
M ass a c h us etts Assist a n c e P r o g r a m f o r L e a d i n S c h o ol

D ri n ki n g W at e r
Fi n al R e p o rt - M a y 2 0 1 7
M ass a c h us etts D e p a rt m e nt of E n vi r o n m e nt al P r ot e cti o n
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

T a bl e of C o nt e nts

E x e c uti v e S u m m ar y ........................................................................................................................ 3
List of A cr o n y ms ............................................................................................................................ 7
1. B a c k gr o u n d o n L e a d a n d C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er.............................................................. 8
1. 1 H o w L e a d a n d C o p p er G et i nt o Dri n ki n g W at er ............................................................. 8
1. 2 H e alt h Eff e cts of L e a d a n d C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er.................................................... 9
1. 3 F e d er al a n d St at e R e g ul ati o n of L e a d a n d C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er ............................ 9
1. 4 Assist a n c e f or S c h o ols u n d er t h e L e a d C o nt a mi n ati o n C o ntr ol A ct ( L C C A) ............... 1 0
2. S u m m ar y of t h e Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er ........................... 1 1
3. F u n di n g f or t h e Pr o gr a m........................................................................................................ 1 1
4. Pr o gr a m El e m e nts a n d I m pl e m e nt ati o n ................................................................................ 1 2
4. 1 R e q u est f or I nt er est ........................................................................................................ 1 2
4. 2 I nt er- A g e n c y S er vi c e A gr e e m e nt wit h U M ass A m h erst................................................ 1 2
4. 3 T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e M at eri als ...................................................................................... 1 2
4. 3. 1 F a ct S h e ets .............................................................................................................. 1 3
4. 3. 2 Ot h er T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e M at eri als .................................................................... 1 4
4. 4 I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g.................................................................................................... 1 6
4. 5 S a m pl e Pl a n/ Fi xt ur e M a p............................................................................................... 1 6
4. 6 S a m pli n g ........................................................................................................................ 1 7
4. 7 L a b or at or y A n al ysis of S a m pl es .................................................................................... 1 8
4. 8 C o m m u ni c ati o n a b o ut R es ults a n d F oll o w- u p A cti o ns.................................................. 1 9
4. 9 A d diti o n al Assist a n c e R e q u est e d b y I n di vi d u al S c h o ols a n d M u ni ci p aliti es ................ 1 9
4. 1 0 O nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol ................................................................................................... 2 0
4. 1 1 A g e n c y/ E ntit y R ol es ...................................................................................................... 2 0
4. 1 2 Pr oj e ct M a n a g e m e nt/ G o v er n a n c e .................................................................................. 2 1
4. 1 3 Pr ess I nt er est/ C o v er a g e .................................................................................................. 2 2
5. B u d g et.................................................................................................................................... 2 2
5. 1 U M ass Pr oj e ct M a n a g e m e nt, T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e, a n d L a b or at or y A n al ysis ............. 2 2
5. 2 M ass D E P St aff Ti m e...................................................................................................... 2 3
1
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

5. 3 L a b or at or y A n al ysis C o ntri b uti o n b y M W R A............................................................... 2 3

6. O ut p uts/ Fi n di n gs ................................................................................................................... 2 3
6. 1 Pr o gr a m O ut p uts ............................................................................................................ 2 3
6. 2 L e a d a n d C o p p er E x c e e d a n c e D at a................................................................................ 2 4
6. 3 I nt ers e cti o ns wit h P u bli c W at er S u p pli ers ..................................................................... 3 0
6. 4 R e m e di al A cti o ns T a k e n b y S c h o ols ............................................................................. 3 0
6. 4. 1 Si n ks........................................................................................................................ 3 1
6. 4. 2 Kit c h e n K ettl es........................................................................................................ 3 1
6. 4. 3 Dri n ki n g W at er F o u nt ai ns a n d C o ol ers .................................................................. 3 1
6. 4. 4 W at er B ottl e Filli n g St ati o ns .................................................................................. 3 2
6. 5 C o m m u ni c ati o ns b y S c h o ols .......................................................................................... 3 2
6. 6 B e n efits of t h e Pr o gr a m.................................................................................................. 3 3
6. 7 R e c o m m e n d ati o ns f or M ass D E P Pr o gr a ms, Pr o c e d ur es, a n d R e g ul ati o ns ................... 3 4
7. 0 R es o ur c es f or M or e I nf or m ati o n........................................................................................ 3 5
2
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

E x e c uti v e S u m m a r y
B a c k gr o u n d
T his R e p ort s u m m ari z es t h e C o m m o n w e alt h of M ass a c h us etts ’ Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n

S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er ( Pr o gr a m). T h e Pr o gr a m w as l a u n c h e d b y G o v er n or C h arli e B a k er a n d
Tr e as ur er D e b or a h G ol d b er g i n A pril 2 0 1 6, a n d c o n cl u d e d i n F e br u ar y 2 0 1 7. T h e M ass a c h us etts
D e p art m e nt of E n vir o n m e nt al Pr ot e cti o n ( M ass D E P) w as t h e a g e n c y r es p o nsi bl e f or d e v el o pi n g
a n d i m pl e m e nti n g t h e Pr o gr a m, w hi c h w as d esi g n e d t o assist p u bli c s c h o ols a n d p u bli c e arl y
e d u c ati o n a n d c hil d c ar e f a ciliti es (s c h o ols) i n ass essi n g t h e l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n t h eir
f a ciliti es’ dri n ki n g w at er.
M ass D E P a n d its Pr o gr a m p art n ers pr o a cti v el y r e a c h e d o ut a cr oss t h e C o m m o n w e alt h t o s oli cit

p u bli c s c h o ols t o si g n u p f or assist a n c e u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m. O ut r e a c h i n cl u d e d pr ess r el e as es
( wit h str o n g pr ess c o v er a g e), st at e wi d e e m ails fr o m t h e D e p art m e nt of El e m e nt ar y a n d
S e c o n d ar y E d u c ati o n ( D E S E) a n d t h e D e p art m e nt of E arl y E d u c ati o n a n d C hil d c ar e ( D E E C),
T witt er a n n o u n c e m e nts, a n d Pr o gr a m i nf or m ati o n o n M ass D E P’s w e bsit e. T h e Pr o gr a m i n cl u d e d
a n e d u c ati o n al c o m p o n e nt t h at pr o vi d e d s c h o ols wit h t h e i nf or m a ti o n n e c ess ar y t o est a blis h a n d
i m pl e m e nt s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms, a n d t o t a k e r e m e di al a cti o ns t o a d dr ess el e v at e d l e a d a n d c o p p er
l e v els. I n i m pl e m e nti n g t his pr o gr a m, M ass D E P c o ntr a ct e d wit h t h e U ni v ersit y of M ass a c h us etts
( U M ass) t o pr o vi d e t h e m aj orit y of t h e t e c h ni c al assist a n c e an d t o o v ers e e c o ntr a ct e d l a b or at or y
a n al ysis s er vi c es. T h e M ass a c h us etts W at er R es o ur c es A ut h orit y ( M W R A) pr o vi d e d t h e
l a bor at or y a n al ysis s er vi c es f or all p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols i n t h eir s er vi c e ar e a. M ass D E P als o
w or k e d cl os el y wit h s e v er al ot h er p art n ers, i n cl u di n g D E S E, D E E C , a n d t h e D e p art m e nt of
P u bli c H e alt h ( M D P H ).
T hr o u g h t his Pr o gr a m, w at er w as s a m pl e d at s c h o ols t o d et er mi n e if t h e w at er e x c e e d e d t h e
r e c o m m e n d e d “ A cti o n L e v el ” (A L ) f or l e a d a n d c o p p er, a n d t h e r es ults w er e pr o m ptl y r e p ort e d
t o t h e s c h o ols. T h e Pr o gr a m pr o vi d e d s c h o ols wit h i nf or m ati o n a n d r es o ur c es t o a d dr ess pr o bl e m
fi xt ur es. M ass D E P h as p ost e d all s a m pli n g r es ults o n its w e bsit e.
K e y El e m e nts of t h e Pr o gr a m
K e y el e m e nts of t h e pr o gr a m w er e as f oll o ws:
1) I nf o r m ati o n al M e eti n gs – T h es e m e eti n gs w er e h el d i n t h e l o c al c o m m u nit y a n d w er e

c o n d u ct e d o n a s c h o ol s yst e m- wi d e b asis. T h e m e eti n gs pr o vi d e d att e n d e es wit h t h e
i nf or m ati o n n e c ess ar y f or s c h o ol s yst e ms t o i m pl e m e nt t h e Pr o gr a m.
2) T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e M at e ri als – M ass D E P d e v el o p e d a n u m b er of tr ai ni n g a n d

t e c h ni c al assist a n c e m at eri als, i n cl u di n g F a ct S h e ets, P o w er P oint Pr es e nt ati o ns, M o d el
F or ms a n d L ett ers, a w e b p a g e, a n d a n o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol.
3) S a m pli n g – F or e a c h b uil di n g i n cl u d e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m, a m a p of fi xt ur es t o s a m pl e, as
w ell as a pl a n f or s a m pli n g t h os e fi xt ur es, w as d e v el o p e d. S a m pli n g w as c o n d u ct e d i n a
m a n n er t o e ns ur e v ali dit y of s a m pli n g r es ults a n d ali g n m e nt wit h a p pli c a bl e U. S. E P A
3
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

g ui d a n c e. T his i n cl u d e d e ns uri n g t h at s a m pli n g o c c urr e d aft er w at er w as st a g n a nt f or

m or e t h a n ei g ht h o urs, b ut l ess t h a n ei g ht e e n h o urs fr o m a d a y of n or m al us e ( e. g., n ot
d uri n g a s c h o ol v a c ati o n p eri o d), a n d t h at s a m pli n g o c c urr e d pri or t o a n y ot h er us e of
w at er i n t h e b uil di n g o n t h e d a y of s a m pli n g. G e n er all y, t w o s a m pl es w er e t a k e n fr o m
e a c h fi xt ur e, a first dr a w (t o i d e ntif y l e a d a n d c o p p er l e a c hi n g fr o m t h e pl u m bi n g fi xt ur e
its elf) a n d a 3 0-s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl e (t o i d e ntif y l e a d a n d c o p p er l e a c hi n g fr o m u pstr e a m
i n t h e b uil di n g pl u m bi n g).
4) L a b o r at o r y A n al ysis of S a m pl es – S a m pl es c oll e ct e d u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m w er e a n al y z e d
b y st at e- c ertifi e d l a bs, a n d p arti ci p ati n g l a b or at ori es w er e r e q uir e d t o r e p ort all s a m pli n g
r es ults t hr o u g h M ass D E P’s el e ctr o ni c r e p orti n g s yst e m ( k n o w n as e D E P). S a m pl es w er e
a n al y z e d f or l e a d a n d c o p p er.
5) C o m m u ni c ati o n of R es ults a n d F oll o w- u p A cti o ns – M ass D E P pr o vi d e d e a c h

i n di vi d u al s c h o ol wit h t h e r es ults of all s a m pl e a n al ys es. R es ults w er e a c c o m p a ni e d b y a n
e x pl a n ati o n of t h e a n al yti c al r es ults. At t h at ti m e, s c h o ols w er e als o pr o vi d e d wit h
s u p pl e m e nt al m at eri als t o h el p t h e m wit h c o m m u ni c ati o n eff orts wit h t h eir c o m m u nit y
a n d t o pr o vi d e t h e m wit h M ass D E P c o nt a cts f or a d diti o n al s u p p ort. F or a n y s c h o ol wit h
r es ults e x c e e di n g a n A L , M D P H c o nt a ct e d t h e s c h o ol a n d t h eir l o c al h e alt h offi c e
off eri n g a d vi c e a n d r es o ur c es o n h o w b est t o c o m m u ni c at e h e alt h ris ks t o p ar e nts,
st u d e nts, st aff, a n d ot h er l o c al p arti es.
K e y Fi n di n gs
T h e Pr o gr a m pr o vi d e d t e c h ni c al assist a n c e a n d l a b or at or y a n al ys is t o 8 1 8 s c h o ols fr o m 1 5 3
diff er e nt c o m m u niti es. A t ot al of 5 5, 9 1 9 s a m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d fr o m 3 1, 8 3 2 fi xt ur es. First dr a w
s a m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d fr o m all fi xt ur es; h o w e v er, f or fl us h s a m pl es, s o m e fi xt ur es, s u c h as a
si n gl e si n k wit h b ot h a dri n ki n g f o u nt ai n a n d a f a u c et, r e q uir e d o nl y o n e s a m pl e. T h e t y p es of
fi xt ur es s a m pl e d i n cl u d e d cl assr o o m a n d b at hr o o m f a u c ets, w at er f o u nt ai ns, kit c h e n k ettl es,
w at er c o ol ers, s er vi c e c o n n e ct ors, a n d ot h ers.
S a m pl e r es ults w er e c o m p ar e d a g ai nst M ass D E P’s A Ls f or l e a d ( 0. 0 1 5 m g/l) a n d c o p p er ( 1. 3
m g/l). R es ults c a n b e s u m m ari z e d as f oll o ws a n d ar e d es cri b e d i n f urt h er d et ail i n t his r e p ort.
• Of t h e t ot al s a m pl es a n al y z e d, a b o ut 7 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d o nl y, 1 p er c e nt
e x c e e d e d f or b ot h l e a d a n d c o p p er, a n d 1 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d f or c o p p er o nl y;
• First dr a w s a m pl es w er e m or e li k el y t o e x c e e d a n A L t h a n fl us h s a m pl es, wit h 1 3 p er c e nt
of first dr a w s a m pl es e x c e e di n g a n A L a n d 4 p er c e nt of fl us h s a m pl es e x c e e di n g a n A L;
• A p pr o xi m at el y 7 2 p er c e nt of p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ol b uil di n gs h a d o n e or m or e fi xt ur es
e x c e e di n g t h e A L f or l e a d or c o p p er; w h er e as 2 8 p er c e nt di d n ot h a v e a n y A L
e x c e e d a n c es.
• A p pr o xi m at el y 2 9 p er c e nt of s c h o ol b uil di n gs e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or b ot h l e a d a n d c o p p er
at o n e or m or e fi xt ur es;
• 4 0 p er c e nt of s c h o ol b uil di n gs e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d o nl y, a n d 3 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d t h e
A L f or c o p p er o nl y.
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

• Kit c h e n k ettl es a n d cl assr o o m f a u c ets w er e t h e fi xt ur es m ost li k el y t o h a v e A L

e x c e e d a n c es. W at er f o u nt ai ns, w at er b ottl e filli n g st ati o ns, n urs es’ si n ks, a n d b at hr o o m
f a u c ets w er e less li k el y t o h a v e A L e x c e e d a n c es.
A cti o ns T a k e n b y S c h o ols
P er g ui d a n c e pr o vi d e d b y t h e Pr o gr a m, o n c e s c h o ols r e c ei v e d t h eir s a m pli n g r es ults, t h e y w er e

e n c o ur a g e d t o s h ut off all fi xt ur es wit h A L e x c e e d a n c es, a n d t o c o m m u ni c at e t h e r es ults as w ell
as s h ort- t er m a cti o n pl a ns t o p ar e nts a n d st aff. S c h o ols c o m m u ni c at e d this i nf or m ati o n t hr o u g h
e m ail s, a ut o m at e d i nf or m ati o n al c alls, l ett ers, w e bsit e p osti n gs, print e d p osti n gs i n s c h o ols,
n e ws p a p er arti cl es, a n d p u b li c m e eti n gs. A cti o ns t a k e n t o a d dr ess el e v at e d c o p p er or l e ad l e v els
i n cl u d e d r e m o vi n g a n d r e pl a ci n g fi xt ur es, usi n g si g n a g e t o i n dic at e fi xt ur es n ot i nt e n d e d t o b e
us e d f or dri n ki n g w at er, a n d i m pl e m e nti n g w at er li n e fl us hi n g pr o gr a ms. S c h o ols w er e
e n c o u r a g e d t o r e p ort t h eir a cti o ns t o M ass D E P t hr o u g h t h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol.
B u d g et
T ot al e x p e n dit ur es f or t h e Pr o gr a m ar e pr oj e ct e d t o b e a p pr o xi m at el y $ 2. 1 milli o n. C osts w er e

i n c urr e d f or pr oj e ct m a n a g e m e nt, a d mi nistr ati v e s u p p ort, t e c h ni c al assist a n c e, a n d l a b or at or y
a n al ysis. F u n di n g w as pr o vi d e d b y t h e M ass a c h us etts Cl e a n W at e r Tr ust. I n a d diti o n t o t h es e
e x p e ns es, t h e c ost of s o m e l a b or at or y a n al ys es w as c o v er e d b y t h e M W R A, a n d M ass D E P
pr o vi d e d t h e e q ui v al e nt of 4- 5 f ull- ti m e st aff t o s u p p ort t h e Pr o gr a m.
R e c o m m e n d ati o ns f or t h e F ut ur e
As a r es ult of t h e Pr o gr a m, M ass D E P is c o nsi d eri n g s o m e n e w a cti viti es t o f urt h er a d dr ess l e a d

a n d c o p p er i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g w at er. T h e a g e n c y w a nts t o m a k e e n h a n c e m e nts t o c urr e nt t o ols
a n d assist a n c e m at eri als t h at will h el p s c h o ols i m pl e m e nt f ut ur e pr o gr a ms. S p e cifi c
r e c o m m e n d ati o ns ar e as f oll o ws:
• Wit h a v ail a bl e f u n ds f r o m t h e p r o g r a m , c o nti n u e a m o difi e d assist a n c e p r o g r a m t o

p r o vi d e a n ot h e r r o u n d of t e c h ni c al assist a n c e a n d l a b o r at o r y a n al ysis t o s c h o ols
t h at di d n ot p a rti ci p at e i n t h e P r o g r a m i n 2 0 1 6, a n d als o t o e n h a n c e e xisti n g
assist a n c e m at e ri als . A b o ut $ 6 0 0, 0 0 0 of t h e ori gi n al f u n di n g is a v ail a bl e.
• W o r ki n g wit h st a k e h ol d e rs, M ass D E P is c o nsi d e ri n g w h e r e e n h a n c e d c o o r di n ati o n

a n d d at a s h a ri n g wit h p u bli c w at e r s u p pli e rs t o s u p p o rt t esti n g i n s c h o ols is
a p p r o p ri at e . C o nsi d er ati o n is b ei n g gi v e n t o t h e u ni v ers e of P W Ss wit h corr osi o n
c o ntr ol w h o p erf or m r o uti n e s a m pli n g, h o w oft e n l e a d a n d c o p p e r s a m pli n g o c c urs, a n d
r e q uiri n g o nli n e r e p orti n g b y P W Ss t o M ass D E P. B as e d o n e x p eri e n c e w or ki n g wit h
s c h o ols i n diff er e nt si z e d c o m m u niti es, M ass D E P’s g o al is t o i m pl e m e nt a pr o gr a m t h at
all o ws f or e arli er d et e cti o n of e x c e e d a n c es a n d t h e pr o m oti o n of ti m el y tr a ns missi o n a n d
tr a ns p ar e n c y of t h e d at a t h e a g e n c y r e c ei v es. As M ass D E P c o nsi d ers p ossi bl e c h a n g es
aff e cti n g P W Ss, t h e a g e n c y is c o m mitt e d t o c o ns ulti n g wit h its e xt er n al a d vis or y
c o m mitt e e f or t h e S af e Dri n ki n g W at er A ct, w hi c h c o nsists of r e pr es e nt ati v es fr o m
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

p u bli c h e alt h, E P A, P W Ss a n d c o ns ult a nts, t o dis c u ss a d v a nt a g es a n d dis a d v a nt a g es of

v ari o us p ossi bl e a p pr o a c h es.

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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

List of A c r o n y ms
AL A cti o n L e v el
Co C C h ai n of C ust o d y
Cu C o p p er
DEEC D e p art m e nt of E arl y E d u c ati o n a n d C hil d c ar e
DESE D e p art m e nt of El e m e nt ar y a n d S e c o n d ar y E d u c ati o n
F A Q Fr e q u e ntl y As k e d Q u esti o ns
IS A I nt er- A g e n c y S er vi c e A gr e e m e nt
LCC A L e a d C o nt a mi n ati o n C o ntr ol A ct
LCR L e a d a n d C o p p er R ul e
M ass D E P M ass a c h us etts D e p art m e nt of E n vir o n m e nt al Pr ot e cti o n
M DP H M ass a c h us etts D e p art m e nt of P u bli c H e alt h
MC WT M ass a c h us etts Cl e a n W at er Tr ust
MR W A M ass a c h us etts R ur al W at er Ass o ci ati o n
M WR A M ass a c h us etts W at er R es o ur c es A ut h orit y
Pb Lea d
P O U P oi nt of Us e
P WS P u bli c W at er S u p pl y
R FI R e q u est f or I nt er est
S D W A S af e Dri n ki n g W at er A ct
S RF St at e R e v ol vi n g F u n d
T AP T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e Pr o vi d er
U M ass U ni v ersit y of M ass a c h us etts
U. S. E P A U nit e d St at es E n vir o n m e nt al Pr ot e cti o n A g e n c y
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

1. B a c k g r o u n d o n L e a d a n d C o p p e r i n D ri n ki n g W at e r
1. 1 H o w L e a d a n d C o p p er G et i nt o Dri n ki n g W at er
L e a d ( P b) a n d c o p p er ( C u) ar e h e a v y m et al el e m e nts t h at o c c ur i n n at ur al mi n er als a n d ar e
e xtr a ct e d a n d p urifi e d f or us e i n a wi d e r a n g e of m at eri als, i n cl u di n g c o m p o n e nts of pl u m bi n g
pi pi n g a n d fi xt ur es us e d t o c o n v e y p ot a bl e w at er fr o m s o ur c es t o c o ns u m ers. T h es e el e m e nts ar e
t y pi c all y n ot pr es e nt at si g nific a nt l e v els i n r a w ( u ntr e at e d) w at er or i n t h e tr e at e d w at er t h at
e nt ers a dri n ki n g w at er distri b uti o n s yst e m. H o w e v er, v ari o us c o m p o n e nts of t h e s er vi c e
c o n n e cti o n t o a b uil di n g (s u c h as a L e a d S er vi c e Li n e), as w ell as t h e pi pi n g, s ol d er, a n d fi xt ur es
wit hi n a b uil di n g ( pr e mis e pl u m bi n g), m a y b e c o m p os e d of m at eri als t h at c o nt ai n l e a d or c o p p er.
W h e n el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d or c o p p er ar e f o u n d i n s a m pl es of w at er c oll e ct e d fr o m fi xt ur es
(f a u c ets or dri n ki n g w at er f o u nt ai ns) wit hi n b uil di n gs, it is li k el y t o h a v e ori gi n at e d fr o m
c o m p o n e nts of t h e s er vi c e c o n n e cti o n a n d/ or pr e mis e pl u m bi n g.
L e a d a n d c o p p er i n pl u m bi n g m at eri als ar e i n t h eir el e m e nt al f or m a n d ar e v er y i ns ol u bl e.

H o w e v er, t h e c h e mi c al c o m p ositi o n of dri n ki n g w at er, mi cr o bi al a cti vit y, a n d el e ctri c c urr e nt,
c a n all c o ntri b ut e t o c orr osi o n of t h e l e a d a n d c o p p er m et al, cr e ati n g diss ol v e d c o m pl e x es a n d
s oli d pr e ci pit at es. L e a d a n d c o p p er c orr o d e fr o m pl u m bi n g m at eri als at diff er e nt r at es a n d
e xt e nts d e p e n di n g o n l o c al w at er q u alit y a n d t h e a g e a n d c o m p ositi o n of m et als i n t h e pl u m bi n g
m at eri als. T h e l e v els of c ert ai n w at er q u alit y p ar a m et ers 1 c a n i m p a ct c orr osi o n.
W at er us e p att er ns i n b uil di n gs c a n r es ult i n si g nifi c a nt ti m e p eri o ds of w at er st a g n ati o n at t h e

s er vi c e c o n n e cti o n a n d wit hi n s o m e or all of t h e b uil di n g pl u m bi n g. F or e x a m pl e , w at er is
l ar g el y st a g n a nt w hil e p e o pl e ar e sl e e pi n g i n h o m es a n d w hil e s c h o ols or offi c e b uil di n gs ar e n ot
i n us e, s u c h as o v er ni g ht a n d d uri n g w e e k e n ds a n d v a c ati o ns. T h e l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er t h at
e nt er t h e st a g n a nt w at er d e p e n d o n t h e c o n c e ntr ati o ns of c ert ai n w at er q u alit y p ar a m et ers i n t h e
w at er ( d es cri b e d a b o v e), t h e a m o u nt of ti m e t h e w at er is i n c o nt a ct wit h t h e pl u m bi n g m at eri als,
a n d t h e a m o u nt of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n t h e pl u m bi n g m at eri a ls. T h e l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n a
b uil di n g’s w at er t y pi c all y i n cr e as e wit h l e n gt h of st a g n ati o n ti m e. I n a d diti o n, a s u d d e n i n cr e as e
i n fl o w or a p h ysi c al dist ur b a n c e of t h e pi pi n g ( e. g., d uri n g pl u m bi n g w or k) c a n i n cr e as e t h e
l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er.
R e c o g ni zi n g t h at el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er h a v e hist ori c all y al m ost
al w a ys b e e n t h e r es ult of s er vi c e li n es a n d pr e mis e pl u m bi n g, t h e U. S. g o v er n m e nt b e g a n eff orts
t o li mit p ossi bl e e xp os ur e t o l e a d ( a n d c o p p er) i n dri n ki n g w at er. T h e 1 9 8 6 S af e Dri n ki n g W at er
A ct ( S D W A) A m e n d m e nts li mit e d t h e all o w a bl e c o n c e ntr ati o n of l e a d i n pl u m bi n g m at eri als,
i n cl u di n g t h e b a n ni n g of l e a d c o nt ai ni n g s ol d er. T his l a w d e cr e as e d t h e all o w a bl e l e a d i n br ass
pl u m bi n g m at eri al t o n ot m or e t h a n 8 p er c e nt b y w ei g ht. I n 2 0 1 1, t h e f e d er al R e d u cti o n of L e a d
i n Dri n ki n g W at er A ct f urt h er d e cr e as e d t h e all o w a bl e l e v els of l e a d i n pl u m bi n g m at eri als t o
0. 2 5 p er c e nt of t h e w at er- e x p os e d m at eri al a n d r e q uir e d l a b eli n g of pr o d u cts t o i n di c at e
c o m pli a n c e wit h t his st a n d ar d.

1
p H, diss ol v e d i n or g a ni c c ar b o n, diss ol v e d o x y g e n, c hl ori n e s p e ci es, p h os p h at e, a n d s ulf at e.
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

1. 2 H e alt h Eff e cts of L e a d a n d C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er
R es e ar c h h as s h o w n t h at e v e n l o w l e v els of l e a d c a n h ar m t h e d e v el o pi n g br ai ns of i nf a nt s,
y o u n g c hil dr e n, a n d d e v el o pi n g f et us es. P u bli c h e alt h offi ci als h a v e l o n g r e c o g ni z e d t h e g o al of
mi ni mi zi n g l e a d e x p os ur e. T h e M ass a c h us etts D e p art m e nt of P u bli c H e alt h ( M D P H ) c ar ef ull y
m o nit ors l e a d e x p os ur e t o c hil dr e n b y m a n d at or y p eri o di c m e as ur e m e nts of bl o o d l e a d l e v els
t hr o u g h t h e a g e of f o ur y e ars. A c c or di n g t o M D P H , m ost e x p os ur e t o l e a d is fr o m p ai nt d ust,
p ai nt c hi ps, a n d s oil c o nt a mi n at e d wit h l e a d. H o w e v er, l e a d c a n als o g et i nt o t h e h u m a n b o d y b y
dri n ki n g or c o o ki n g wit h w at er c o nt ai ni n g l e a d. E x p os ur e of y o u n g c hil dr e n t o l e a d vi a dri n ki n g
w at er, es p e ci all y f or m ul a-f e d i nf a nts, c a n b e si g nifi c a nt. M or e h e alt h i nf or m ati o n o n l e a d i n
dri n ki n g w at er c a n b e f o u n d i n t h e M D P H “ L e a d i n Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q. ”
(htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n vir o n m e nt al/l e a d/l e a d- dri n ki n g- w at er -f a q. p df)
C o p p er is a n ess e nti al n utri e nt f or h u m a ns a n d it is s af e t o h a v e l o w l e v els of c o p p er i n dri n ki n g

w at er. U ns af e l e v els of c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er c a n r es ult i n n a us e a, v o miti n g, di arr h e a, a n d
st o m a c h cr a m ps. S o m e i nf a nts a n d c hil dr e n, p e o pl e wit h li v er dis e as e, a n d p e o pl e wit h Wils o n’s
dis e as e h a v e m or e diffi c ult y eli mi n ati n g c o p p er fr o m t h eir b o di es a n d h a v e a hi g h er c h a n c e of
e x p eri e n ci n g n e g ati v e h e alt h eff e cts, s u c h as ki d n e y a n d li v e r d a m a g e. M or e h e alt h i nf or m ati o n
o n c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er c a n b e f o u n d i n t h e M D P H “ C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q.”
(htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n vir o n m e nt al/ e x p os ur e/ c o p p e r- dri n ki n g-w at er -f a q. p df).
1. 3 F e d er al a n d St at e R e g ul ati o n of L e a d a n d C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er
C urr e nt st at e a n d f e d er al r e g ul at or y r e q uir e m e nts f or l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er p ert ai n

o nl y t o P u bli c W at er S u p pli ers ( P W S ). A P W S is a n e ntit y t h at pr o vi d es w at er f or h u m a n
c o ns u m pti o n t hr o u g h pi p es or ot h er c o nstr u ct e d c o n v e y a n c es t o a t l e ast 1 5 s er vi c e c o n n e cti o ns
or r e g ul arl y s er v es a n a v er a g e of at l e ast 2 5 p e o pl e f or at l e a st 6 0 d a ys a y e ar. T h e U nit e d St at es
E n vir o n m e nt al Pr ot e cti o n A g e n c y ( U. S. E P A) h as gr a nt e d t h e M ass a c h us etts D e p art m e nt of
E n vir o n m e nt al Pr ot e cti o n ( M ass D E P) pri m ar y i m pl e m e nt ati o n a n d e nf or c e m e nt r es p o nsi bilit y
f or t h e S D W A pr o gr a m i n M ass a c h us etts, k n o w n as “ pri m a c y. ” In or d er t o r et ai n pri m a c y,
M ass D E P h as pr o m ul g at e d r e g ul ati o ns t h at ar e n o l ess stri n g e nt t h a n t h e f e d er al r e g ul ati o ns
pr o m ul g at e d b y U. S. E P A. M ass D E P is t h e pri m ar y a g e n c y o v ers e ei n g r e g ul at or y c o m pli a n c e b y
P W Ss f or dri n ki n g w at er q u alit y.
I n 1 9 9 1, t h e U. S. E P A pr o m ul g at e d t h e L e a d a n d C o p p er R ul e ( L C R) t o d e cr e as e t h e h e alt h ris k
of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er o bt ai n e d fr o m b uil di n g pr e mis e pl u m bi n g. L C R i n cl u d es
b ot h l e a d a n d c o p p er, b e c a us e t h e s a m e m e c h a nis m t h at l e a c h es l e a d fr o m pl u m bi n g i nt o t h e
dri n ki n g w at er c a n als o l e a c h c o p p er. L C R s ets A cti o n L e v els ( A Ls) f or dri n ki n g w at er at 0. 0 1 5
milli gr a ms p er lit er ( m g/ L) f or l e a d a n d 1. 3 m g/ L f or c o p p er. T h e L C R r e q uir es P W Ss t o c o n d u ct
s a m pli n g a n d a n al ysis of w at er i n a r e pr es e nt ati v e n u m b er of h o us e h ol ds aft er a n o v er ni g ht
st a g n ati o n p eri o d. L C R r e q uir es t h at 9 0 p er c e nt of t h e h o us e h ol d s a m pl es h a v e l e a d a n d c o p p er
c o n c e ntr ati o ns b el o w t h e r es p e cti v e A Ls. If t h e 9 0 t h p er c e ntil e v al u es e x c e e d t h e A Ls, t h e P W S
m ust t a k e c ert ai n pr es cri b e d a cti o ns, i n cl u di n g i m pl e m e nti n g o pti m al c orr osi o n c o ntr ol tr e at m e nt
a n d p u bli c e d u c ati o n r e g ar di n g fl us hi n g of fi xt ur es pri or t o w at er us e a n d ot h er i nf or m ati o n.
U n d er M ass D E P’s L C R r e g ul ati o ns, P W Ss ar e als o r e q uir e d t o t a k e s a m pl es at t w o fi xt ur es fr o m
t w o s c h o ols wit hi n t h eir s er vi c e ar e a duri n g e a c h L C R s a m pli n g r o u n d. T h e r es ults of t h e s c h o ol
s a m pli n g u n d er L C R ar e n ot f a ct or e d i nt o t h e P W S’s 9 0 t h p er c e ntil e, b ut t h e P W S is r e q uir e d t o
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

n otif y t h e s c h o ols of t h eir r es ults a n d off er assist a n c e o n p os si bl e a cti o ns t o r e d u c e l e v els b el o w

t h e A Ls. M ass D E P a cti v el y o v ers e es P W S c o m pli a n c e wit h L C R. I nf or m ati o n o n M ass D E P’s
L C R pr o gr a m, i n cl u di n g P W S L C R s a m pli n g r es ults, c a n b e f o u n d o n t h e M ass D E P w e bsit e at
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l e a d- i n- dri n ki n g- w at er. ht ml.
M D P H ’s C hil d h o o d L e a d P ois o ni n g Pr e v e nti o n Pr o gr a m ( C L P P P) w as est ablis h e d f or t h e

pr e v e nti o n, s cr e e ni n g, di a g n osis, a n d tr e at m e nt of l e a d p ois o ni n g, i n cl u di n g t h e eli mi n ati o n of
s o ur c es of p ois o ni n g t hr o u g h r es e ar c h a n d e d u c ati o n al, e pi d e mi ol o gi c, a n d cli ni c al a cti viti es as
m a y b e n e c ess ar y. U n d er t h e M ass a c h us etts L e a d L a w, M G L c. 1 1 1, § § 1 8 9 A- 1 9 9 B, a n d t h e
L e a d R e g ul ati o ns ( 1 0 5 C M R 4 6 0. 0 0), p h ysi ci a ns m ust s cr e e n c hil dr e n f or l e a d b et w e e n t h e a g es
of 9 a n d 1 2 m o nt hs a n d a g ai n at 2 a n d 3 y e ars of a g e. C hil dr e n w h o li v e i n c o m m u niti es
c o nsi d er e d hi g h- ris k f or l e a d p ois o ni n g ar e als o r e q uir e d t o b e t est e d at a g e 4. All c hil d h o o d
bl o o d l e a d t est r es ults ar e r e p ort e d t o C L P P P. B y tr a c ki n g bl o o d l e a d l e v els, C L P P P i d e ntifi es
c hil dr e n wit h el e v at e d bl o o d l e a d l e v els a n d off ers m e di c al c as e m a n a g e m e nt, c o m m u nit y h e alt h
w or k er visits, a n d h o usi n g i ns p e cti o ns t o i d e ntif y a n d t h e n r e m o v e or r e d u c e s o ur c es of l e a d i n
t h e h o m e. C L P P P r e q uir es t h es e i nt er v e nti o ns f or l e a d p ois o n e d c hil dr e n (i. e., bl o o d l e a d l e v el
≥ 2 5 µ g/ d L) . I n l at e 2 0 1 6, C L P P P a d d e d r o uti n e s cr e e ni n g f or l e a d i n drin ki n g w at er a n d t esti n g
f or l e a d s er vi c e li n es t o t h e i ns p e cti o n pr oc ess. Pr o p os e d r e g ul at or y a m e n d m e nts f or C L P P P will
r e d u c e t h e d efi niti o n of l e a d p ois o ni n g fr o m a bl o o d l e a d l e v el of 2 5 µ g/ d L or gr e at er t o a l e v el
of 1 0 µ g/ d L or gr e at er. St at e - wi d e tr a c ki n g of bl o o d t est r es ults all o ws C L P P P t o m o nit or
pr o gr ess t o w ar d eli mi n ati n g c hil d h o o d l e a d p ois o ni n g, i d e ntif y hi g h-ris k p o p ul ati o ns, m o nit or
tr e n ds i n l e a d e x p os ur e b y g e o gr a p h y, a n d d e v el o p a n d e v al u at e i nt er v e nti o ns a n d pr o gr a ms.
M or e i nf or m ati o n c a n b e f o u n d o n t h e C L P P P w e bsit e
(htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ g o v/ d e p art m e nts/ d p h/ pr o gr a ms/ e n vir o n m e nt al- h e alt h/ e x p os ur e-
t o pi cs/l e a d/).
1. 4 Assist a n c e f or S c h o ols u n d er t h e L e a d C o nt a mi n ati o n C o ntr ol A ct ( L C C A)
I n 1 9 8 8, t h e U. S. C o n gr ess p ass e d t h e L e a d C o nt a mi n ati o n C o ntr ol A ct ( LC C A), w hi c h dir e cts

U. S. E P A a n d its st at e d esi g n e es t o assist s c h o ol s yst e m a d mi nistr at ors, s c h o ols a n d pr o gr a ms, t o
i d e ntif y a n d r e d u c e or eli mi n at e l e a d c o nt a mi n ati o n i n t h eir f aciliti es’ dri n ki n g w at er. U nli k e
L C R, t h e L C C A is a n assist a n c e- b as e d, n o n- r e g ul at or y pr o gr a m. As f e d er al d esi g n e e, M ass D E P
is r es p o nsi bl e f or e d u c ati n g s c h o ol/f a cilit y offi ci als a b o ut th e L C C A a n d c o or di n ati n g st at e wi d e
eff orts t o r e d u c e or eli mi n at e l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er at s c h o ols a n d c hil d c ar e f a ciliti es.
M ass D E P h as pr o m ot e d a n d s u p p ort e d t h e v ol u nt ar y L C C A pr o gr a m f or ass essi n g l e a d a n d

c o p p er i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g w at er si n c e its i niti al p ass a g e. M ass D E P h as s et a g o al f or s c h o ols t o
h a v e 1 0 0 p er c e nt of s a m pl es wit h l e a d a n d c o p p er l e v els b el o w t h e U. S. E P A L C R A Ls of 0. 0 1 5
m g/ L a n d 1. 3 m g/ L, r es p e cti v el y. N ot e t h at t h e f e d er al g ui d eli n es f or l e a d i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g
w at er u n d er t h e L C C A h a v e a g o al of 0. 0 2 0 m g/ L, b ut M ass D E P o pt e d t o s et t h e l e a d g o al f or
s c h o ol dri n ki n g w at er t o b e t h e s a m e as t h e L C R A L. M ass D E P pr o vi d es g ui d a n c e t h at s c h o ols
ass ess e a c h dri n ki n g or c o o ki n g w at er fi xt ur e a n d i d e ntif y a n d eli mi n at e, if f e asi bl e, t h os e
pl u m bi n g c o m p o n e nts t h at c o nt ai n l e a d. If r e pl a c e m e nt wit h l e a d -fr e e c o m p o n e nts is n ot
p ossi bl e, t h e n us e of fl us hi n g pr o gr a ms or p ossi bl y p oi nt- of- us e ( P O U) l e a d r e m o v al tr e at m e nt is
s u g g est e d. As p art of M ass D E P’s L C C A pr o gr a m, e v er y fi v e y e ars t h e a g e n c y r e q u ests t h at all
s c h o ols s u b mit a s ur v e y r e g ar di n g t h eir L C C A pr o gr a m. A d diti o n al i nf or m ati o n o n t h e
M ass a c h us etts L C C A pr o gr a m is a v ail a bl e at t h e f oll o wi n g li n k, u n d er t h e “ S c h o ols &
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C hil d c ar es ” t a b: htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l e a d- i n- dri n ki n g-
w at er. ht ml.
2. S u m m a r y of t h e Assist a n c e P r o g r a m f o r L e a d i n S c h o ol D ri n ki n g W at e r
T h e M ass a c h us etts Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er ( Pr o gr a m ) w as

l a u n c h e d b y G o v er n or C h arli e B a k er a n d Tr e as ur er D e b or a h G ol d b er g i n A pril 2 0 1 6. M ass D E P
w as t h e a g e n c y r es p o nsi bl e f or d e v el o pi n g a n d i m pl e m e nti n g t h e Pr o gr a m , w hi c h w as d esi g n e d
t o assist p u bli c s c h o ols a n d p u bli c e arl y e d u c ati o n a n d c hil d c ar e f a cili ti es ( h er e aft er r ef err e d t o
as “s c h o ols ”) i n ass essi n g t h e l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n t h e ir f a ciliti es’ dri n ki n g w at er.
U n d er t h e Pr o gr a m, t h e C o m m o n w e alt h h el p e d p u bli c s c h o ol s yst e ms a n d distri cts ( h er e aft er

r ef err e d t o as “s c h o ol s yst e ms ”) t a k e w at er s a m pl es f or b ot h l e a d a n d c o p p er fr o m fi xt ur es wit hi n
t h eir b uil di n gs us e d f or dri n ki n g, f o o d pr e p ar ati o n, a n d m e di c al p ur p os es. S a m pl es w er e
a n al y z e d at st at e- c ertifi e d l a b or at or i es at n o c ost t o t h e c o m m u nit y. T his pr o vi d e d p arti ci p ati n g
s c h o ols wit h b as eli n e i nf or m ati o n o n l e a d a n d c o p p er l e v els i n dri n ki n g w at er wit hi n t h eir
b uil di n gs. I n a d diti o n, t h e Pr o gr a m i n cl u d e d a n e d u c ati o n al c o m p o n e nt t h at pr o vi d e d s c h o ol
s yst e ms wit h t h e i nf or m ati o n n e c ess ar y t o est a blis h a n d i m pl e m e nt s c h o ol s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms,
a n d t o t a k e r e m e di al a cti o ns t o a d dr ess el e v at e d l e a d a n d c o p p er l e v els. All p u bli c s c h o ols i n
M ass a c h us etts w er e eli gi bl e t o p arti ci p at e i n t his v ol u nt ar y pr o gr a m. S o m e s c h o ols, i n cl u di n g
s o m e t h at di d n ot p arti ci p at e i n t h e Pr o gr a m, h a v e e xisti n g a n d o n- g oi n g pr o gr a ms t o a d dr ess
l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er.
3. F u n di n g f o r t h e P r o g r a m
T h e M ass a c h us etts Cl e a n W at er Tr ust ( M C W T) pr o vi d e d t h e m aj orit y of t h e f u n di n g f or t h e

Pr o gr a m. M C W T is a q u asi- g o v er n m e nt al or g a ni z ati o n t h at w as cr e at e d b y t h e M ass a c h us etts
l e gisl at ur e t o a d mi nist er t h e C o m m o n w e alt h’s St at e R e v ol vi n g Fu n d ( S R F) pr o gr a ms. Its
Tr ust e es ar e t h e St at e Tr e as ur er, t h e S e cr et ar y of A d mi nistr ati o n a n d Fi n a n c e, a n d t h e
C o m missi o n er of M ass D E P. M C W T pr o vi d es S R F fi n a n ci n g f or s e w er pr oj e cts, s e pti c s yst e ms,
dri n ki n g w at er pr oj e cts, a n d a v ari et y of ot h er p oll uti o n a b at e m e nt pr oj e cts f or c o m m u niti es
a cr oss t h e C o m m o n w e alt h. T h e M C W T pr o vi d e d $ 2. 7 5 milli o n t o M ass D E P f or t h e t e c h ni c al
assist a n c e Pr o gr a m.
I n a d diti o n t o t h e f u n di n g pr o vi d e d b y M C W T, t h e M ass a c h us etts W at er R es o ur c es A ut h orit y
( M W R A) off er e d l a b or at or y a n al ysis a n d su p pl e m e nt al t e c h ni c al assist a n c e at n o c h ar g e t o
s c h o ol s yst e ms l o c at e d i n c o m m u niti es t h at r e c ei v e dri n ki n g w at er fr o m M W R A. M W R A is a
p u bli c a ut h orit y est a blis h e d b y t h e M ass a c h us etts l e gisl at ur e t o pr o vi d e w h ol es al e w at er a n d
s e w er s er vi c es t o 6 1 m etr o p olit a n B ost o n c o m m u niti es. A p pr o xi m at el y 1 1 p er c e nt of t h e s a m pl es
c oll e ct e d, r e pr es e nti n g 1 0 3 s c h o ol b uil di n gs, r e c ei v e d l a b or at or y a n al ysis fr o m M W R A.
Fi n all y, M ass D E P c o m mitt e d si g nifi c a nt st aff ti m e t o s u p p ort i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m.

Fr o m A pril 2 0 1 6 t hr o u g h F e br u ar y 2 0 1 7, m or e t h a n 3 2 M ass D E P st aff w or k e d o n t h e Pr o gr a m,
s p e n di n g n u m er o us h o urs e q ui v al e nt t o 4 t o 5 f ull-ti m e st aff p ositi o ns.
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4. P r o g r a m El e m e nts a n d I m pl e m e nt ati o n
T h e f oll o wi n g s e cti o n s u m m ari z es t h e el e m e nts of t h e Pr o gr a m a n d its i m pl e m e nt ati o n. T h e

Pr o gr a m c o m p o n e nts d es cri b e d b el o w ar e: s oli citi n g p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols t hr o u g h a R e q u est f or
I nt er est; c o ntr a cti n g assist a n c e pr o vi d ers t hr o u g h a n I nt er- A g e n c y S er vi c e A gr e e m e nt wit h
U M ass A m h erst; d e v el o pi n g t e c h ni c al assist a n c e m at eri als; c o n d u cti n g ki c k- off I nf or m ati o n al
M e eti n gs; assisti n g s c h o ols wit h s a m pli n g, r e p orti n g of l a b or at or y r es ults t o s c h o ols, usi n g a n
o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol; a n d pr o vi di n g a d diti o n al t e c h ni c al assist a n c e t o s c h o ols o n f oll o w- u p
a cti o ns.
4. 1 R e q u est f or I nt er est
O n M a y 3, 2 0 1 6, M ass D E P, i n c o nj u n cti o n wit h t h e D e p art m e nt of El e m e nt ar y a n d S e c o n d ar y

E d u c ati o n ( D E S E) a n d t h e D e p art m e nt of E arl y E d u c ati o n a n d C hil d C ar e ( D E E C), r el e as e d a
R e q u est f or I nt er est ( R FI) s oli citi n g p u bli c s c h o ols t h at w a nt e d t o r e c ei v e t e c h ni c al assist a n c e
a n d s a m pl e a n al ysis f or l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er at n o o ut- of- p o c k et c ost t o t h e s c h o ol
s yst e m. T h e R FI w as m a d e a v ail a bl e el e ctr o ni c all y a n d r es p o n d e nts w er e as k e d t o pr o vi d e
i nf or m ati o n c o n c er ni n g t h e pri m ar y p oi nt of c o nt a ct f or t h e R FI r es p o ns e a n d r el e v a nt
i nf or m ati o n c o n c er ni n g e a c h b uil di n g t o b e i n cl u d e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m. D E S E a n d D E E C h el p e d
n otif y all 7, 0 0 0 p u bli c s c h o ols a n d p u bli c E E C Fs a b o ut t h e o p p ort u nit y t o p arti ci p at e.
4. 2 I nt er- A g e n c y S er vi c e A gr e e m e nt wit h U M ass A m h erst
I n M a y 2 0 1 6, M ass D E P e nt er e d i nt o a n I nt er-A g e n c y S er vi c e A gr e e m e nt (I S A) wit h t h e

U ni v ersit y of M ass a c h us etts, A m h erst ( U M ass) f or i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m. P urs u a nt t o
t h e I S A, M ass D E P p art n er e d wit h U M ass t o pr o vi d e t h e s er vi c es of: 1) Pr o gr a m Dir e ct ors t o
o v ers e e i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e I S A; 2) Pr oj e ct M a n a g ers t o c o or di n at e i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e
I S A; 3) T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e Pr o vi d ers ( T A Ps) t o w or k wit h s ch o ol p ers o n n el; a n d 4)
c o or di n ati o n wit h c o ntr a ct e d st at e- c ertifi e d l a b or at ori es. Th e r es p o nsi biliti es of U M ass u n d er t h e
I S A i n cl u d e d: 1) pr e p ari n g f or a n d p arti ci p ati n g i n w e e kl y c alls wit h M ass D E P t o dis c uss a n d
c o or di n at e i m pl e m e nt ati o n a n d pr o gr ess of t h e Pr o gr a m; 2) w or ki n g wit h M ass D E P t o fi n ali z e
t h e i nf or m ati o n al m at eri als t o b e pr o vi d e d t o s c h o ols p arti ci p ati n g i n t h e Pr o gr a m; 3) s c h ed uli n g
a n d c o n d u cti n g I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs f or s c h o ol s yst e ms t o pr o vi d e tr ai ni n g o n all as p e cts of
t h e Pr o gr a m; 4) o v ers e ei n g a n d assisti n g with s a m pl e c oll e cti o n a n d a n al ysis; a n d 5)
c o or di n ati n g l a b or at or y s er vi c es a n d t h e d eli v er y of s a m pl es t o l a bs.
4. 3 T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e M at eri als
T o f a cilit at e i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, n u m er o us tr ai ni n g a n d t e c h ni c al assist a n c e

m at eri als w er e cr e at e d, i n cl u di n g f a ct s h e ets, P o w er P oi nt pr es e nt ati o ns (i n cl u di n g a n o n-li n e
P o w er P oi nt vi d e o wit h v oi c e o v er), a n d m o d el f or ms a n d l ett ers. I n a d diti o n, M ass D E P cr e at e d a
w e b p a g e d e di c at e d t o t h e Pr o gr a m, as w ell as a n o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol a n d a p u bli cl y-
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a c c essi bl e s pr e a ds h e et s h o wi n g s a m pli n g r es ults. All of t h es e i m pl e m e nt ati o n m at eri als a n d t o ols

ar e dis c uss e d b el o w.
4. 3. 1 F a ct S h e ets
M ass D E P a n d U M ass d e v el o p e d a n u m b er of fa ct s h e ets t o assist s c h o ols p arti ci p ati n g i n t h e

Pr o gr a m. T h es e f a ct s h e ets c o v er e d k e y as p e cts of t h e Pr o gr a m a n d w er e m a d e a v ail a bl e
el e ctr o ni c all y o n t h e Pr o gr a m’s d e di c at e d w e b p a g e. A s h ort s y n o psis of e a c h is pr o vi d e d b el o w:
Pl u m bi n g Pr ofil e ( M a p of L C C A T a ps)
Pr o vi d es i nf or m ati o n o n h o w t o cr e at e a Pl u m bi n g Pr ofil e a n d M a p of L C C A T a ps. L C C A t a ps

ar e fi xt ur es t h at ar e us e d f or dri n ki n g, f o o d pr e p ar ati o n, or m e di c al p ur p os es, a n d t h es e ar e t h e
fi xt ur es r e c o m m e n d e d f or s a m pli n g u n d er t h e L C C A. A Pl u m bi n g Pr ofil e e v al u at es a b uil di n g’s
pl u m bi n g s yst e m, a n d c a n b e us e d t o i d e ntif y p ot e nti al s o ur c es of l e a d a n d c o p p er t h at c o ul d
l e a c h i nt o a b uil di n g’s w at er. A s e p ar at e Pl u m bi n g Pr ofil e m ust b e c o m pl et e d f or e a c h b uil di n g,
a n d e xi sti n g P l u m bi n g Pr ofil e s n e e d t o b e r e vi s e d t o r efl e ct a n y n e w c o n str u cti o n or
m o difi c ati o n s t o t h e b uil di n g f oll o wi n g c o m pl eti o n of t h e ori gi n al Pl u m bi n g Pr ofil e . A M a p
of L C C A T a ps i d e ntifi es e a c h L C C A fi xt ur e o n a m a p or s c h e m ati c of t h e b uil di n g. A u nif or m
c o di n g s yst e m w as d e v el o p e d f or s c h o ols t o i d e ntif y e a c h fi xt ur e o n t h e M a p, a n d e a c h fi xt ur e is
i d e ntifi e d c o ns e c uti v el y ( 0 0 1, 0 0 2, et c.), st arti n g w h er e t h e w at er m ai n e nt ers t h e b uil di n g a n d
pr o c e e di n g t o t h e f art h est p oi nt a w a y fr o m w h er e t h e w at er m ai n e nt ers t h e b uil di n g. A s e p ar at e
M a p of L C C A T a p s n e e ds t o b e c o m pl et e d f or e a c h b uil di n g, a n d e xi sti n g M a p s n e e d t o b e
r e vi s e d t o r efl e ct a n y n e w c o n str u cti o n or m o dific ati o n s t o t h e b uil di n g f oll o wi n g
c o m pl eti o n of t h e ori gi n al M a p . T h e M a p of L C C A T a ps is us e d t o cr e at e a S a m pli n g Pl a n f or
e a c h b uil di n g t h at us es t h e s a m e u nif or m c o di n g s yst e m t o i d e nt if y t h e fi xt ur es t o b e s a m pl e d.
Ess e nti all y, t h e S a m pli n g Pl a n is a r o w- b y- r o w list of e a c h fi xt ur e i n n u m eri c al or d er
c orr es p o n di n g t o t h e M a p of L C C A T a ps. T his f a ct s h e et c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/ pl u m bi n g p-fs. d o c .
S a m pli n g f or L e a d a n d C o p p er
Pr o vi d es i nf or m ati o n o n h o w t o s a m pl e w at er f or l e a d a n d c o p p e r f or p ur p os es of t h e Pr o gr a m.
T h e t o pi cs i n cl u d e: 1) st e ps t o cr e a t e a n d i m pl e m e nt a s a m pli n g pr o gr a m; 2) a p pr o pri at e ti m es t o
c oll e ct s a m pl es; 3) h o w t o c oll e ct a n d l a b el s a m pl es, i n cl u di n g i niti al (first dr a w) s a m pl es a n d
3 0- s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl es; 4) h o w t o l a b el t h e a ct u al fi xt ur es t h at will b e s a m pl e d; 5) h o w t o
c oll e ct f oll o w- u p s am pl es; a n d 6) h o w t o c o m pl et e a n d us e t h e C h ai n of C ust o d y ( C o C) f or m.
T his f a ct s h e et c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/ h o w- t o- c oll e ct- a- dri n ki n g-w at er -
s a m pl e-f or-l e a d- a n d- c o p p e. ht ml.
F o ll o w- u p St e ps B as e d o n L e a d a n d C o p p er S a m pli n g R es ults a b o v e t h e A cti o n L e v el
I d e ntifi es st e ps t o b e t a k e n i n r es p o ns e t o l e a d or c o p p er s a m pli n g r es ult s t h at e x c e e d t h e A L .

T h es e st e ps i n cl u d e: 1) s h ort-t er m a n d l o n g- t er m c orr e cti v e m e as ur es t o pr e v e nt e x p os ur e; 2)
n otif yi n g t h e p u bli c w at er s u p pli er a n d t h e M ass D E P Dri n ki n g W at er Pr o gr a m of t h e s a m pli n g
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r es ults; 3) c o n d u cti n g o utr e a c h t o st aff a n d p ar e nts wit h a l ett er i nf or mi n g t h e m of t h e r es ults a n d

d es cri bi n g pl a ns t o a d dr ess t h e r es ults t h at e x c e e d t h e A L ; a n d 4) c o n d u cti n g f oll o w- u p
s a m pli n g. T his fa ct s h e et als o i n cl u d es s a m pl e l ett ers f or c o n d u cti n g o utr e a c h t o st aff a n d
p ar e nts. T his f a ct s h e et c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at :
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/f oll o w u p-fs. d o c .
Fl us hi n g – A S h ort- T er m S ol uti o n t o R e d u c e L e a d a n d C o p p er
Dis c uss es t h e us e of fl us hi n g as a s h ort- t er m s ol uti o n t o r e d u c e l e a d a n d c o p p er i n t h e w at er i n

r es p o ns e t o a n A L e x c e e d a n c e. Fl us hi n g i n v ol v es o p e ni n g a n d r u n ni n g fi xt ur es t o r e m o v e w at er
t h at h as b e e n st a n di n g i n t h e i nt eri or pi p es a n d t h e fi xt ur e its elf. S el e cti n g fl us hi n g as a s h ort-
t er m m e as ur e r e q uir es k n o wl e d g e of t h e pl u m bi n g i n t h e b uil din g, s a m pli n g a n d r es a m pli n g,
d ail y r e c or d k e e pi n g, r e- e v al u ati n g a n d a dj usti n g t h e fl us hi n g pl a n as a p pr o pri at e, a n d r e p orti n g.
T his f a ct s h e et c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/ al p h a/ a-t hr u- h/fl us hfs. p df .
4. 3. 2 Ot h e r T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e M at e ri als
I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g P o w er P oi nt Pr es e nt ati o n
M ass D E P pr e p ar e d t h e P o w er P oi nt pr es e nt ati o n t h at w as us e d t o e d u c at e p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols

a b o ut all el e m e nts of t h e Pr o gr a m at t h e i niti al I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g h el d f or e a c h p arti ci p ati n g
s c h o ol s yst e m. ( S e e S e cti o n 4. 4 b el o w f or a d diti o n al i nf or m ati o n a b o ut t h e I nf or m ati o n al
M e eti n gs.) T his P o w er P oi nt p r es e nt ati o n c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/i nf o-l e a d. p df .
L e a d a n d C o p p er i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er S a m pli n g R es ults S pr e a ds h e et
A s pr e a ds h e et t h at i n cl u d es all s a m pli n g r es ults, o n a fi xt ur e b y fi xt ur e b asis, r e p ort e d t o

M ass D E P t hr o u g h its el e ctr o ni c d at a r e p orti n g s yst e m ( e D E P) w as cr e at e d. It als o dis pl a ys a n y
r e m e di ati o n a cti o ns t h at s c h o ols r e p ort t h e y h a v e t a k e n. T his s pr e a ds h e et w as u p d at e d r e g ul arl y
t hr o u g h o ut t h e d ur ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, a n d it c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l e a d- a n d- c o p p er- i n-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g-
w at er -s a m pli n g-r es ults. ht ml.
S u m m ar y R es ults of L e a d a n d C o p p er Dri n ki n g W at er T esti n g at M ass a c h us etts S c h o ols
T his d o c u m e nt s u m m ari z es all s a m pli n g r es ults r e p ort e d t o M ass D E P t hr o u g h its el e ctr o ni c d at a

r e p orti n g s yst e m ( e D E P) o n a s c h o ol b y s c h o ol b asis. T his s u m m ar y w as u p d at e d r e g ul arl y
t hr o u g h o ut t h e d ur ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, a n d it c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l c c a-s c h o ols-list. p df .
S u m m ar y of A cti o ns T a k e n b y S c h o ols P arti ci p ati n g i n t h e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g

W at er
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T his s pr e a ds h e et i n cl u d es a s h ort d es cri pti o n of a cti o ns t a k e n b y Pr o gr a m p arti ci p a nts i n

r es p o ns e t o e x c e e d a n c es of t h e l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er A L . It c o nsists of i nf or m ati o n r e p ort e d t o
M ass D E P b y t h e s c h o ols, or g at h er e d fr o m s c h o ol w e bsit es. T his s pr e a ds h e et w as u p d at e d
r e g ul arl y t hr o u g h o ut t h e d ur ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, a n d it c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/t esti n g- assist a n c e-f or- l e a d-i n-s c h o ol-
dri n ki n g- w at er. ht ml .
L C C A C h ai n of C ust o d y F or m
T his is a m o d el C o C f or m f or us e b y s c h o ols p arti ci p at i n g i n t h e Pr o gr a m. It c a n b e a c c ess e d

o nli n e at: htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l c c a- c h ai n. xls .
L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er S a m pli n g Pr ot o c ol G ui d a n c e Vi d e o
T his vi d e o P o w er P oi nt wit h v oi c e o v er d e m o nstr at es t h e pr o c e d ur es f or c oll e cti n g l e a d a n d

c o p p er dri n ki n g w at er s a m pl es. It w as d e v el o p e d b y M ass D E P f or a g e n c y c o ntr a ct ors, b ut t h e
s a m pli n g g ui d a n c e is us ef ul f or a n y o n e c oll e cti n g l e a d a n d c o p p er dri n ki n g w at er s a m pl es at
s c h o ols. It c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at: htt ps:// y o ut u. b e/ 0sj a h 9 g Qsj 8 .
L e a d a n d C o p p er O nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol
T his is a n o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol f or s c h o ols t o us e f or tr a c ki n g a n d r e p orti n g s a m pl e l o c ati o ns,

t est r es ults, a n d r e m e di al a cti o ns, as w ell as f a cilit ati n g t h e cr e ati o n of C o C f or ms a n d b ottl e
l a b els f or us e i n s a m pl e c oll e cti o n. T h er e is als o a d et ail e d Us er’s G ui d e f or t h e R e p orti n g T o ol.
T h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol a n d Us er’s G ui d e c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt ps://s cri pt. g o o gl e. c o m/ a/ m a cr os/ m a d w p d e p. or g/s/ A Kf y c b x P 9 9 K-
C d 5 B 3i o E 7 ns w n 0 p e O E n d c Gr X w V k 6 zJ c S 5i H x z G O 5 5 B 1 k/ e x e c . ( S e e S e cti o n 4. 1 0 b el o w f or
a d diti o n al i nf or m ati o n a b o ut t h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol.)
D e di c at e d W e b P a g e f or t h e Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m
M ass D E P cr e at e d a d e di c at e d w e b p a g e f or t h e Pr o gr a m t o m a k e all i nf or m ati o n a n d m at eri als

r el at e d t o t h e Pr o gr a m e asil y a c c essi bl e i n a c e ntr ali z e d l o c ati o n. All of t h e t e c h ni c al assist a n c e
m at eri als dis c uss e d i n t his s e cti o n of t h e R e p ort c a n b e a c c ess e d fr o m t h e Pr o gr a m’s w e b p a g e
at : htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/t esti n g- assist a n c e-f or- l e a d-i n-
s c h o ol- dri n ki n g- w at er. ht ml .
M D P H – L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q
M D P H , i n c o ns ult ati o n wit h M ass D E P, d e v el o p e d t h e “ L e a d i n Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q f or S c h o ol

a n d C hil d c ar e F a ciliti es. ” T his f a ct s h e et a ns w ers fr e q u e ntl y as k e d q u esti o ns a b o ut l e a d a n d
h e alt h, h o w l e a d m a y g et i nt o t h e dri n ki n g w at er at s c h o ols or c hil d c ar e f a ciliti es, a n d h o w
c hil dr e n, t e a c h ers, a n d st aff c a n a v oi d e x p os ur e. T h e d o c u m e nt c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n vir o n m e nt al/l e a d/l e a d-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g- w at er -f a q. p df
a n d is als o a v ail a bl e i n S p a nis h.
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M D P H – C o p p er i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q
M D P H , i n c o ns ult ati o n wit h M ass D E P, d e v el o p e d t h e “ C o p p er i n Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q f or

S c h o ol a n d C hil d c ar e F a ciliti es. ” T his f a ct s h e et a ns w ers fr e q u e ntl y as k e d q u esti o ns a b o ut
c o p p er a n d h e alt h, h o w c o p p er m a y g et i nt o t h e dri n ki n g w at er a t s c h o ols, a n d h o w c hil dr e n,
t e a c h ers, a n d st aff c a n a v oi d e x p os ur e. T h e d o c u m e nt c a n b e a c c ess e d o nli n e at:
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n v ir o n m e nt al/ e x p os ur e/ c o p p er-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g-w at er -
f a q. p df a n d is als o a v ail a bl e i n S p a nis h.
4. 4 I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g
All s c h o ol s yst e ms t h at r es p o n d e d t o t h e R FI w er e c o nt a ct e d b y U M ass t o s c h e d ul e

I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs. T h e Pr o gr a m e n c o ur a g e d s c h o ol s yst e ms t o i n vit e p arti ci p ati o n fr o m
s u p eri nt e n d e nts, pri n ci p als, f a cilit y dir e ct ors, r e pr es e nt ati v es of l o c al B o ar ds of H e alt h,
r e pr es e nt ati v es of t h e l o c al P W S , pl u m bi n g i ns p e ct ors, s c h o ol c o m mitt e e m e m b ers, s c h o ol
n urs es, a n d ot h er i nt er est e d l o c al offi ci als. U M ass c o n d u ct e d a t ot al of 1 4 7 I nf or m ati o n al
M e eti n gs c o v eri n g 1 7 0 c o m m u niti es. 2 T h es e m e eti n gs w er e h el d i n t h e l o c al c o m m u nit y a n d
w er e c o n d u ct e d o n a s yst e m- wi d e b asis. T h e m e eti n gs pr o vi d e d att e n d e es wit h t h e i nf or m ati o n
n e c ess ar y f or s c h o ol s yst e ms t o i m pl e m e nt t h e el e m e nts of t h e Pr o gr a m. T h e f a ct s h e ets,
P o w er P oi nt pr es e nt ati o n, m o d el f or ms a n d l ett ers, o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol, M ass D E P w e b p a g e,
a n d M D P H F A Qs w er e r e vi e w e d as p art of t h e I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs. E a c h m e eti n g l ast e d
a p pr o xi m at el y t w o h o urs, a n d e v er y o n e w h o w o ul d b e p arti ci p atin g i n i m pl e m e nti n g t h e
Pr o gr a m f or t h e s c h o ol s yst e m w as e n c o ur a g e d t o att e n d. Att e n d e es v ari e d b et w e e n s c h o ol
s yst e ms, b ut i n m ost c as es i n cl u d e d s u p eri nt e n d e nts, pri n ci p als, a n d f a cilit y dir e ct ors. A s u bs e t
of I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs w as att e n d e d b y P W S p ers o n n el, a n d a s m all er s u bs et w as att e n d e d b y
el e ct e d offi ci als, l o c al h e alt h offi c ers, a n d s c h o ol n urs es. T h e n u m b er of p e o pl e att e n di n g
I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs r a n g e d fr o m o n e t o 2 5, b ut t y pi c al att e n d a n c e w as a b o ut fi v e p e o pl e. If
t h e I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g w as h el d i n a s c h o ol b uil di n g, t h e m eeti n g w as oft e n f oll o w e d b y a
w at er s a m pl e c oll e cti o n d e m o nstr ati o n.
4. 5 S a m pl e Pl a n/ Fi xt ur e M a p
F oll o wi n g t h e I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g, a M a p of L C C A T a ps a n d a S a m pli n g Pl a n w as d e v el o p e d

f or e a c h b uil di n g t h at w o ul d b e i n cl u d e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m. T h e l e v el of t e c h ni c al assist a n c e
r e q uir e d t o d e v el o p t h e M a p a n d S a m pli n g Pl a n v ari e d wi d el y. S o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms w er e a bl e
t o c o m pl et e t h es e d o c u m e nts o n t h eir o w n, s o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms p arti ci p at e d i n c o m pl eti n g t h es e
d o c u m e nts wit h h a n ds- o n assist a n c e b y a Pr o gr a m T A P , a n d s o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms r eli e d u p o n a
Pr o gr a m t e c h ni c al assist a n c e pr o vi d er t o c o m pl et e t h e d o c u m e nts. T h e ti m e r e q uir e d t o cr e at e a
M a p of L C C A T a ps a n d c orr es p o n di n g S a m pl e Pl a n f or a si n gl e s c h o ol b uil di n g r a n g e d fr o m 1 5
mi n ut es t o s e v er al h o urs, d e p e n di n g o n t h e si z e of t h e s c h o ol b uil di n g a n d t h e n u m b er of L C C A
T a ps i n t h e b uil di n g. O n c e c o m pl et e d, t h e M a p a n d S a m pli n g Pl a n was e nt er e d i nt o M ass D E P’s

2
S o m e cit ies/t o w ns h a d m or e t h a n o n e I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g b e c a us e t h e y h a v e m or e t h a n o n e s c h o ol
s yst e m/distri ct ( e. g. , c h art er s c h o ols), w hil e ot h er I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g s c o v er e d m or e t h a n o n e t o w n d u e t o m ulti -
c o m m u nit y s c h o ol s yst e m s/ distri cts .
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o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol b y U M ass T A Ps or s c h o ol p ers o n n el. I n m ost c as es, s c h o ol p ers o n n el

r e q uir e d assist a n c e fr o m Pr o gr a m p ers o n n el o n usi n g t h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol.
All l o c ati o ns w h er e st u d e nts h a d a c c ess t o dri n ki n g w at er or w h er e w at er w as us e d f or f o o d

pr e p ar ati o n or m e di c al c ar e w er e l a b el e d a n d i n cl u d e d i n t h e M a p of L C C A T a ps a n d S a m pli n g
Pl a n. T h e m ost c o m m o n t y p e of fi xt ur e s a m pl e d w as a cl assr o o m si n k, w hi c h oft e n i n cl u d e d
b ot h a f a u c et a n d a w at er f o u nt ai n f or dri n ki n g. H o w e v er, fi xt ur e t y p es r a n g e d fr o m kit c h e n
k ettl es 3 a n d pr o d u c e w as h si n ks t o i c e m a c hi n es a n d h all w a y w at er f o u nt ai ns. S c h o ols w er e
e n c o ur a g e d t o p ost si g ns n e ar b at hr o o m si n ks a n d n e ar ot h er n o n - dri n ki n g w at er fi xt ur es (s u c h as
j a nit or sl o p si n ks) i n di c ati n g t h at t h os e f a u c ets ar e i nt e n d e d f or h a n d w as hi n g o nl y. T h e Pr o gr a m
pr o vi d e d t h o us a n ds of a d h esi v e si g ns f or s c h o ols t o us e i n t h e i m m e di at e t er m f or t his p ur p os e.
F a u c ets s u c h as t h es e w h er e p e o pl e will n ot b e usi n g t h e w at er f or dri n ki n g, f o o d pr e p ar ati o n, or
m e di c al c ar e, a n d t h at ar e p ost e d wit h si g ns, ar e n ot c o nsi d er e d L C C A T a ps a n d n e e d n ot b e
s a m pl e d.
4. 6 S a m pli n g
A d v a n c e pr e p ar ati o n f or s a m pli n g i n cl u d e d t h e cr e ati o n of C o C f or ms a n d b ottl e l a b els b y

Pr o gr a m p ers o n n el , a n d t h e d eli v er y of t h e s a m pli n g b ottl es t o t h e s c h o ols. T h e C o C f or ms w er e
pri nt e d b y Pr o gr a m p ers o n n el pri or t o c oll e cti o n of s a m pl es usi n g t h e s a m pl e l o c ati o ns
pr e vi o usl y e nt er e d i nt o t h e M ass D E P o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol. I nf or m ati o n c o nt ai n e d o n t h e C o C
f or m i n cl u d es t h e s c h o ol n a m e a n d a d dr ess, D e p art m e nt of E d u c ati o n or g a ni z ati o n c o d e,
s a m pl ers’ n a m es, s a m pl e i d e ntifi c ati o n n u m b er (l o c ati o n, c o d e a n d t y p e), d at e a n d ti m e s a m pl e d
( c o m pl et e d i n t h e fi el d f or e a c h s a m pl e), a n al ys es r e q u est e d, a n d si g n at ur e bl o c ks f or e a c h
p ers o n h a vi n g c ust o d y of t h e s a m pl e fr o m s a m pl e c oll e cti o n t hr o u g h d eli v er y of t h e s a m pl e t o
t h e l a b. A s e p ar at e C o C f or m w as us e d f or e a c h s c h o ol b uil di n g t h at w as s a m pl e d, a n d e a c h
s a m pl e h a d a u ni q u e l o c ati o n c o d e n u m b er.
B ottl e l a b els f or e a c h s a m pl e t o b e c oll e ct e d w er e als o pr e p ar e d usi n g t h e M ass D E P o nli n e

R e p orti n g T o ol. E a c h l a b el c orr es p o n ds t o a s a m pl e l o c ati o n list e d o n t h e M a p of L C C A T a ps,
S a m pli n g Pl a n, a n d C o C f or m. T h e s a m pli n g d at e a n d ti m e i d e ntifi e d o n t h e l a b el m ust m at c h
t h os e i d e ntifi e d o n t h e C o C f or m. D eli v er y of t h e s a m pl es t o t h e l a b or at or y w as h a n dl e d i n a
v ari et y of w a ys, i n cl u di n g d eli v er y b y U M ass T A Ps , s c h o ol or p u bli c w at er s u p pli er p ers o n n el,
a n d l a b or at or y p ers o n n el.
T o e ns ur e t h e v ali dit y of t h e s a m pli n g r es ults a n d t o e ns ur e ali g n m e nt wit h a p pli c a bl e U. S. E P A

g ui d a n c e, s a m pli n g h a d t o o c c ur: 1) aft er m or e t h a n ei g ht h o urs b ut l ess t h a n 1 8 h o urs of w at er
st a g n ati o n pri or t o s a m pl e c oll e cti o n; 2) pri or t o a n y ot h er us e of w at er i n t h e b uil di n g; a n d 3)
w hil e t h e b uil di n g w as i n n or m al us e ( e. g., n ot d uri n g v a c ati o ns or ot h er ti m es w h e n t h e b uil di n g
w as n ot b ei n g us e d b y t h e n or m al s c h o ol- y e ar p o p ul a ti o n of st u d e nts a n d st aff). T his r es ult e d i n a
li mit e d wi n d o w wit hi n w hi c h t o s a m pl e, a n d pr e v e nt e d s a m pli n g d uri n g t h e s u m m er m o nt hs a n d
ot h er s c h o ol br e a ks. As a r es ult, s a m pli n g g e n er all y o c c urr e d b et w e e n 5: 0 0 a n d 7: 0 0 a. m.
T u es d a y t hr o u g h Fri d a y, or o n S at ur d a y m or ni n g. T h e a m o u nt of ti m e r e q uir e d t o s a m pl e a
b uil di n g d e p e n d e d u p o n t h e n u m b er of fi xt ur es t o b e s a m pl e d, t h e si z e of t h e b uil di n g, t h e

3
A kit c h e n k ettl e is a l ar g e v ess el of w at er t h at is h e at e d t o c o o k, w ar m, or st e a m f o o d s u c h as v e g et a bl es, s o u p, a n d
ri c e.
17
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

s a m pl ers’ f a mili arit y wit h t h e b uil di n g, t h e e x p eri e n c e of t h e s a m pl ers, t h e n u m b er of s a m pli n g

t e a ms, a n d t h e n u m b er of s a m pl ers o n e a c h s a m pli n g t e a m. T h e l e v el of t e c h ni c al assist a n c e
r e q uir e d t o h el p s c h o ols c o n d u ct t h e s a m pli n g v ari e d wi d el y. S o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms w er e a bl e t o
s a m pl e o n t h eir o w n ( oft e n wit h t h e assist a n c e of t h e l o c al P W S ), s o m e s yst e ms p arti ci p at e d i n
t h e s a m pli n g wit h h a n ds- o n assist a n c e b y a T A P , a n d s o m e s yst e ms r eli e d u p o n o n e or m or e
T A Ps t o c o n d u ct t h e s a m pli n g ai d e d b y at l e ast o n e s c h o ol st aff m e m b er t o pr o vi d e b uil di n g
a c c ess a n d fi xt ur e l o c ati o n assist a n c e. I n a d diti o n t o t h e U M ass T A Ps , M ass D E P st aff a n d
c o ntr a ct ors w er e utili z e d i n t h e s a m pli n g eff orts w h e n a d diti o n al st aff b e y o n d t h e T A Ps w er e
r e q uir e d t o m e et t h e d e m a n d f or s a m pli n g.
I n a c c or d a n c e wit h a p pli c a bl e U. S. E P A g ui d a n c e, sa m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d i n 2 5 0 millilit er wi d e-

m o ut h pl asti c b ottl es s u p pli e d b y t h e l a b or at or y wit h o ut pr e- a ci difi c ati o n. G e n er all y, t w o
s a m pl es w er e t a k e n fr o m e a c h fi xt ur e, a first dr a w a n d a 3 0- s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl e. T h e first dr a w
s a m pl e w as c oll e ct e d as s o o n as w at er fl o w e d o ut of t h e f a u c et. T h e 3 0-s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl e w as
c oll e ct e d aft er all o wi n g t h e w at er t o r u n f or 3 0 s e c o n ds at a n or m al r at e of fl o w. T his s a m pli n g
a p pr o a c h all o w e d f or t h e c o m p aris o n of t h e c o n c e ntr ati o n of l e a d or c o p p er i n t h e w at er as s o o n
as a fi xt ur e w as t ur n e d o n a n d aft er a 3 0- s e c o n d fl us h, w hi c h h el p e d d et er mi n e if a n A L
e x c e e d a n c e w as c a us e d b y l e a c hi n g fr o m t h e fi xt ur e its elf ( or t h e pl u m bi n g i n t h e i m m e di at e
vi ci nit y of t h e fi xt ur e) or b y pl u m bi n g c o n diti o ns f urt h er a w a y fr o m t h e fi xt ur e. S o m e fi xt ur es
h a d m ulti pl e cl os el y c o n n e ct e d w at er fi xt ur es, s u c h as a f a u c et a n d a w at er f o u nt ai n o n a
cl assr o o m si n k, t w o a dj a c e nt w at er f o u nt ai ns ( hi g h a n d l o w), or t w o a dj a c e nt w at er f o u nt ai ns a n d
a b ottl e filli n g t a p. I n t h es e c as es, first dr a w s a m pl es w er e t a k e n fr o m all fi xt ur es, w hil e o nl y o n e
fi xt ur e w as us e d t o c oll e ct t h e fl us h s a m pl e si n c e t his fl us h sa m pl e w as r e pr es e nt ati v e of t h e
a dj a c e nt fi xt ur es.
All s a m pl e b ottl es w er e l a b e l e d wit h t h e t o w n n a m e, s c h o ol n a m e, D e p art m e nt of E d u c ati o n

or g a ni z ati o n c o d e, s a m pl e l o c ati o n n u m b er, a n d w h et h er t h e s a m pl e w as a pri m ar y (first dr a w)
s a m pl e or a 3 0-s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl e. S a m pl e l o c ati o n n u m b ers w er e f oll o w e d b y a “ P ” f or
pri m ar y s a m pl es a n d a n “ F ” f or 3 0- s e c o n d fl us h s a m pl es ( e. g., 0 0 1 P, 0 0 1 F).
4. 7 L a b or at or y A n al ysis of S a m pl es
U M ass h a n dl e d t h e l o gisti cs i n v ol v e d i n: 1) r et ai ni n g t h e s er vi c es of st at e c ertifi e d l a b or at ori es t o

a n al y z e s a m pl es u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m; 2) e ns uri n g t h at s a m pli n g b ottl es w er e m a d e a v ail a bl e at
s a m pli n g l o c ati o ns f or s a m pli n g e v e nts; a n d 3) e ns uri n g t h at s a m pli n g b ottl es w er e d eli v er e d t o
t h e l a b or at ori es f or a n al ysis al o n g wit h a c o m pl et e d C o C f or m. I n all, U M ass c o ntr a ct e d wit h 1 2
l a b or at ori es t o a n al y z e s a m pl es u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m. I n a d diti o n, M W R A a n al y z e d s a m pl es fr e e of
c h ar g e f or a n u m b er of c o m m u niti es i n t h e Pr o gr a m.
T o p arti ci p at e i n t h e Pr o gr a m, l a b or at ori es w er e r e q uir e d t o r e p ort all s a m pli n g r es ults t hr o u g h
M ass D E P’s el e ctr o ni c r e p orti n g s yst e m ( k n o w n as e D E P ). Us e of e D E P pr o vi d e d f or a n
a ut o m at e d r e vi e w of t h e s u b missi o ns f or b ot h a d mi nistr ati v e c o m pl et e n ess ( e. g., all t h e r e q uir e d
fi el ds w er e p o p ul at e d, e a c h fi el d’s d at a t y p e m at c h e d t h e e x p e ct e d t y p e, t h e or g a ni z ati o n c o d e
m at c h e d a k n o w n s c h o ol), as w ell as t e c h ni c al s uffi ci e n c y ( e. g., e a c h r es ult w as g e n er at e d b y a
c ertifi e d l a b or at or y usi n g a n a p pr o v e d m et h o d wit h a c c e pt a bl e d et e cti o n li mits a n d h ol di n g
ti m es).
18
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

L a b or at or y a n al ys es f or l e a d a n d c o p p er c o n c e ntr ati o ns w er e c o n d u ct e d usi n g U. S. E P A -

a p pr o v e d m et h o ds, t y pi c all y eit h er I n d u cti v el y C o u pl e d P l as m a M ass S p e ctr o m etr y (I C P M S) or
gr a p hit e f ur n a c e at o mi c a ds or pti o n. F or e a c h s a m pl e a n al y z e d, t w o a n al ys es w er e c o n d u ct e d, o n e
f or l e a d a n d o n e f or c o p p er.
4. 8 C o m m u ni c ati o n a b o ut R es ults a n d F oll o w- u p A cti o ns
M ass D E P pr o vi d e d t h e r es ults of all s a m pl e a n al y s es f or e a c h i n di vi d u al s c h o ol t o t h e s c h o ol

p oi nt- of- c o nt a ct vi a e m ail. S u b missi o ns fr o m e D E P w er e p a c k a g e d i nt o s c h o ol-s p e cifi c E x c el
s pr e a ds h e ets t h at hi g hli g ht e d i n di vi d u al fi xt ur es wit h r es ults o v er a n A L. T h e e m ail
c o m m u ni c ati o n e x pl ai n e d t h e a n al yti c al r es ults, off er e d s u p pl e m e nt al m at eri als t o assist e a c h
s c h o ol’s c o m m u ni c ati o n eff orts wit h its c o m m u nit y, a n d i d e ntifi e d M ass D E P c o nt a cts f or
a d diti o n al s u p p ort. I n a d diti o n, f or a n y s c h o ol wit h o n e or m or e fi xt ur e o v er a n A L, M D P H s e nt
a n e m ail t o t h e l o c al h e alt h d e p art m e nt a n d t h e s c h o ol pri n ci p a l a n d s u p eri nt e n d e nt off eri n g
m at eri als a n d s u p p ort o n h o w b est t o c o m m u ni c at e t h e h e alt h ris ks ass o ci at e d wit h e x p os ur e t o
el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er.
Tr a ns p ar e n c y w as a k e y as p e ct of t h e Pr o gr a m, w hi c h w as e m p h asi z e d d uri n g t h e I nf or m ati o n al

M e eti n gs. A c c or di n gl y, s a m pl e r es ults w er e p u b lis h e d o n M ass D E P’s w e bsit e t w o w e e ks aft er
M ass D E P e m ail e d t h e r es ults t o t h e s c h o ol. T his t w o- w e e k ti m efr a m e pr o vi d e d s c h o ols wit h a
r e as o n a bl e o p p ort u nit y t o c o n d u ct c o m m u ni c ati o ns a n d o utr e a c h wit h st u d e nts, f a mili es, st aff,
a n d ot h er l o c al st a k e h ol d er s c o n c er ni n g t h e r es ults a n d r e m e di al a cti o ns t a k e n a n d t o b e t a k e n.
4. 9 A d diti o n al Assist a n c e R e q u est e d b y I n di vi d u al S c h o ols a n d M u ni ci p aliti es
I n m ost c as es, s c h o ols c o nt a ct e d M ass D E P or U M ass aft er r e c ei vi n g s a m pli n g r es ults t o dis c uss
t h e m e a ni n g a n d si g nifi c a n c e of t h e r es ults. M ost s c h o ols with r es ults o v er a n A L als o s o u g ht
a d vi c e a n d assist a n c e fr o m M ass D E P or U M ass o n t h e a p pr o pri at e n e xt st e ps, i n cl u di n g
i m pl e m e nti n g s h ort-t er m a n d l o n g-t er m r e m e di al a cti o ns, co n d u cti n g f oll o w- u p s a m pli n g,
pr o vi di n g n otifi c ati o n t o t h e s c h o ol c o m m u nit y, a n d e nt eri n g t h es e a cti o ns i nt o t h e o nli n e
R e p orti n g T o ol. A ssist a n c e w as oft e n of a t e c h ni c al n at ur e, e x pl ai ni n g t o f a cili t y dir e ct ors h o w t o
i nt er pr et l a b or at or y r es ults, a n d h o w t o i d e ntif y t h e li k el y c a us es of l e a d or c o p p er e x c e e d a n c es.
I n c ert ai n i nst a n c es, it w as n e c ess ar y t o e x pl ai n t h at n u m er o us c o p p er e x c e e d a n c es m a y b e d u e t o
n e w c o p p er pl u m bi n g or t o el e ctri c al gr o u n di n g c o n n e ct e d t o a c o p p er pi p e. I n s o m e i nst a n c es, it
w as d et er mi n e d t h at s c h o ols h a d i m pr o p erl y s a m pl e d fr o m fi xt ur e s t h at s h o ul d b e c o nsi d er e d
n o n- p ot a bl e (si n ks i n s ci e n c e l a bs, art r o o ms, or j a nit or sl o p si n ks), a n d t h er ef or e r es ults w er e n ot
i n di c ati v e of l e a d a n d c o p p er l e v els i n dri n ki n g w at er.
At t i m es, it w as n e c ess ar y f or Pr o gr a m p ers o n n el t o h el p s c h o ol p ers o n n el r e-l e ar n t h e us e of t h e
o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol aft er l a b or at or y r es ults c a m e b a c k, s o t h at t h e y c o ul d e nt er t h eir a cti o ns
t a k e n i n r es p o ns e t o s a m pl e l o c ati o ns t h at h a d A L e x c e e d a n c es. S o m e s c h o ols n e e d e d r e mi n d ers
t h at t h e y m ust us e c ertifi e d, e- D E P c o m pli a nt l a b or at ori es f or f oll o w- u p s a m pl e a n al ys es a n d
t h at t h e y s h o ul d s a m pl e i n a c c or d a n c e wit h Pr o gra m g ui d eli n es ( e. g., d uri n g n or m al us e, wit h
a p pr o pri at e st a g n ati o n ti m es). S o m e s c h o ols als o n e e d e d t o b e r e mi n d e d t h at t h e c osts of f oll o w-
u p s a m pl e a n al ysis w er e n ot c o v er e d b y t h e Pr o gr a m.
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

A n u m b er of l o c al h e alt h d e p art m e nts, s c h o ol n urs es, pri n ci p als , a n d s u p eri nt e n d e nts c o nt a ct e d

M D P H f or ris k c o m m u ni c ati o n s u p p ort. M a n y c all ers a s k e d q u esti o ns a b o ut h e alt h eff e cts a n d
bl o o d l e a d t esti n g. S o m e c all ers as k e d w h at a d vi c e t o gi v e t o p ar e nts a n d st aff wit h h e alt h
q u esti o ns. M D P H r e c o m m e n d e d t h at p ar e nts a n d st aff wit h g e n er al q u esti o ns a b o ut l e a d or
c o p p er a n d h e alt h b e dir e ct e d t o M D P H f or a d diti o n al i nf or m ati o n. M D P H a d vis e d c all ers t h at it
is n ot n e c ess ar y t o t est all c hil dr e n f oll o wi n g t h e d et e ctio n of l e a d or c o p p er i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g
w at er. H o w e v er, if a c hil d h as n e v er b e e n s cr e e n e d f or l e a d or if h e or s h e h as s p e cifi c h e alt h
c o n c er ns, p ar e nts a n d st aff s h o ul d c o ns ult wit h t h eir d o ct ors . M D P H w as r e q u est e d t o gi v e
pr es e nt ati o ns a b o ut t h e h e alt h eff e cts of l e a d a n d c o p p er at p u bli c m e eti n gs f or t hr e e s c h o ol
distri cts a n d c o n d u ct e d tr ai ni n g d uri n g a M ass a c h us etts F a cilit i es A d mi nistr at ors Ass o ci ati o n
m e eti n g.
4. 1 0 O nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol
M ass D E P d e v el o p e d t h e L e a d a n d C o p p er R e p orti n g T o ol 4 as a n o nli n e r es o ur c e f or s c h o ols t h at

c h os e t o p arti ci p at e i n t h e Pr o gr a m wit h t h e i nt e nt of r olli n g it o ut i n t h e f ut ur e t o a n y s c h o ol t h at
eit h er w as alr e a d y r u n ni n g a l o c al L C C A pr o gr a m or c h o o s es t o st art o n e i n t h e f ut ur e. T h e
R e p orti n g T o ol pr o vi d es e a c h s c h o ol wit h a o n e-st o p l o c ati o n t o st or e criti c al L C C A d o c u m e nts,
est a blis h a n d m ai nt ai n s a m pli n g l o c ati o ns, st or e s a m pli n g r es ults, a n d r e c or d a n y r e m e di ati o n
a cti viti es c o n d u ct e d i n r es p o ns e t o el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er.
E a c h s c h o ol s yst e m is assi g n e d a u ni q u e PI N t h at gr a nts it pri v at e a c c ess t o t h e t o ol w h er e t h e y

c a n est a blis h r e c or ds t o tr a c k i n di vi d u al s c h o ols wit hi n t h eir s c h o ol s yst e ms. T h e b asi c str u ct ur e
c o nsists of a s c h o ol r e c or d wit h i n di vi d u al s a m pli n g l o c ati o n r e c or ds wit hi n it. T h e t o ol all o ws
f or u pl o a d of d o c u m e nts s u c h as b uil di n g m a ps, pl u m bi n g pr ofil es, a n d s a m pli n g pl a ns t o all o w
s c h o ols t o c e ntr ali z e t h e st or a g e of t h es e i m p ort a nt r e c or ds. O n c e all t h e c o d e d s a mpli n g
l o c ati o ns ar e e nt er e d f or a s c h o ol, a us er c a n r u n t hr e e r e p orts t h at m a k e f or a n e asi er a n d m or e
a c c ur at e s a m pli n g e v e nt. T h e C o C R e p ort tr a nsf ers all a cti v e s a m pli n g l o c ati o ns i nt o a t y p i c al
C o C t e m pl at e t h at c a n b e c arri e d i nt o t h e fi el d, c o m pl et e d d uri n g sa m pli n g, a n d pr o vi d e d t o t h e
l a b or at or y al o n g wit h t h e s a m pl e b ottl es. T h e B ottl e L a b el R e p ort pr o vi d es a fil e t h at c a n b e us e d
t o cr e at e l a b els f or t h e s a m pl e b ottl es. T h e S a m pl e Pl a n R e p ort pr o d u c es a P D F of all t h e c urr e nt
s a m pli n g l o c ati o ns.
O n c e a s c h o ol h as r e c ei v e d its s a m pli n g r es ults, t h e t o ol all o w s it t o r e c or d a n y r e m e di ati o n
p erf or m e d i n r es p o ns e t o el e v at e d l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er r es ults. A d ef a ult pi c k list c o v ers
c o m m u ni c ati o n eff orts, fl us hi n g pr o gr a ms, fi xt ur e or ot h er pl u m bi n g c h a n g es, a n d r es a m pli n g
eff orts. E a c h a cti o n c a n b e ass o ci at e d wit h t h e d at e it w as p e rf or m e d.
4. 1 1 A g e n c y/ E ntit y R ol es

4
T h e t o ol w as b uilt i n -h o us e usi n g G S uit e a n d G o o gl e Cl o u d Pl atf or m s er vi c es/ pr o d u c ts. T h e fr o nt e n d us er
i nt erf a c e w as b uilt usi n g G o o gl e A p ps S cri pt a n d p u blis h e d as a w e b a p p t hr o u g h G S uit e. It c o n n e cts t o a b a c k e n d
d at a b as e b uilt usi n g Cl o u d S Q L, a n i m pl e m e nt ati o n of M y S Q L. A n y d o c u m e nts u pl o a d e d b y us ers a n d t h e t o ol’s
r e p ort t e m plat es ar e st or e d i n G o o gl e Dri v e. W at er q u alit y r es ults ar e m a n u all y tr a nsf err e d fr o m e D E P usi n g M S
A c c ess q u eri es t o o bt ai n cs v fil es. T h es e e xtr a cts ar e t h e n u pl o a d e d i nt o t h e t o ol usi n g t h e G o o gl e Cl o u d Pl atf or m
w e b c o ns ol e first i nt o Cl o u d St or a g e a n d f r o m t h er e i nt o Cl o u d S Q L.
20
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

P art n ers hi ps w er e a criti c al el e m e nt t o t h e s u c c ess of t h e P r o gr a m. Pr o gr a m p art n ers i n cl u d e d:

M ass D E P , U M ass , M D P H , D E S E , D E E C , a n d M W R A . M ass D E P pl a y e d t h e l e a d r ol e i n t h e
Pr o gr a m’s d e v el o p m e nt, i n cl u di n g cr afti n g of t h e Pr o gr a m m at eri als a n d c o m m u ni c ati o ns,
m ai nt ai ni n g t h e Pr o gr a m w e bsit e, w or ki n g wit h D E S E a n d D E E C o n s oli citi n g s c h o ols t o
p arti ci p a t e i n t h e Pr o gr a m, a n d pr o vi di n g d at a, fis c al, a n d o v er all Pr o gr a m m a n a g e m e nt. Pri or t o
t h e ki c k off of t h e Pr o gr a m, M ass D E P d e v el o p e d t h e Pr o gr a m m at eri als, i n cl u di n g t h e o nli n e
R e p orti n g T o ol. As t h e pr o gr a m w as i m pl e m e n t e d a n d q u esti o ns ar os e, M ass D E P d e v el o p e d
a d diti o n al g ui d a n c e m at eri als. M D P H d e v el o p e d s c h o ol-f o c us e d f a ct s h e ets a d dr essi n g
fr e q u e ntl y as k e d q u esti o ns o n l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er.
D E S E a n d D E E C assist e d M ass D E P wit h n otifi c ati o ns t o s c h o ols a b o ut t h e a v ail a bilit y of t h e
Pr o gr a m a n d t o pr o vi d e Pr o gr a m u p d at es. M D P H r e a c h e d o ut t o its n et w or k of s c h o ol n urs es
a n d l o c al h e alt h offi ci als t o pr o vi d e si mil ar i nf or m ati o n a n d e n c o ur a g e t h eir p arti ci p atio n i n t h e
Pr o gr a m. At t h e s a m e ti m e, M a ss D E P r e a c h e d o ut t o P W Ss t hr o u g h o ut t h e st at e, e n c o ur a gi n g
t h e m t o off er t h eir assist a n c e t o p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols w h er e p ossi bl e.
M ass D E P c o ntr a ct e d wit h U M ass t o i m pl e m e nt t h e Pr o gr a m t hr o u g h a n I S A. U M ass hir e d
p ers o n n el, c o ntr a ct e d wit h t h e M ass a c h us etts R ur al W at er Ass o ci ati o n ( M R W A) f or T A Ps,
arr a n g e d f or c o ntr a cts wit h c o m m er ci al l a b or at ori es f or s a m pl e a n al ys es, a n d c o m m u ni c at e d
e xt e nsi v el y wit h M ass D E P f or Pr o gr a m m a n a g e m e nt a n d i m pl e m e nt ati o n. U M ass p ers o n n el
c o n d u ct e d i nf or m ati o n al me e ti n gs, a n d assist e d s c h o ols wit h all as p e cts of t h e Pr o gr a m t hr o u g h
s a m pl e c oll e cti o n, i n cl u di n g arr a n gi n g t h e s p e cifi c l a b or at or y f or e a c h s c h o ol s yst e m.
I n a d diti o n t o t h e l a b or at ori es c o ntr a ct e d b y U M ass , M W R A pr o vi d e d a n al yti c al s er vi c es f or all
s c h o ols l o c at e d wit hi n c o m m u niti es p arti all y- or f ull y- s er v e d b y M W R A . M W R A als o pr o vi d e d
t e c h ni c al assist a n c e dir e ctl y t o s c h o ols an d/ or l o c al w at er d e p art m e nts. M ass D E P st aff w or k e d
cl os el y wit h M W R A a n d t h e U M ass - c o ntr a cte d l a b or at ori es t o e ns ur e t h at all Pr o gr a m s a m pl es
w er e pr o p erl y c o d e d a n d s u b mitt e d el e ctr o ni c all y vi a e D E P.
M a n y s c h o ols r e q u est e d assist a n c e wit h t h e a ct u al s a m pli n g e v e nt. T his assist a n c e w as pr o vi d e d
b y U M ass a n d/ or M ass D E P st aff, or b y M ass D E P c o ntr a ct ors. S c h o ol s a m pli n g e v e nts r e q uir e d
si g nifi c a nt c o or di n ati o n a n d o v ersi g ht b y M ass D E P a n d U M ass .
M ass D E P , U M ass , a n d M D P H all pr o vi d e d t e c h ni c al assist a n c e t o s c h o ols a n d/ or l o c al P W Ss

o n f oll o w- u p t o l a b or at or y r es ults. T his i n cl u d e d assist a n c e r e g ar di n g r e m e di al a cti o ns a n d
assist a n c e wit h st a k e h ol d er c o m m u ni c ati o ns.
4. 1 2 Pr oj e ct M a n a g e m e nt/ G o v er n a n c e
T h e b ul k of t h e Pr o gr a m el e m e nts w er e i m pl e m e nt e d b y t e a ms fr o m b ot h M ass D E P a n d U M ass.

T h e M ass D E P t e a m i n cl u d e d s e v er al t e c h ni c al st aff, as w ell as a n u m b er of m a n a g ers. T h e
U M ass Pr oj e ct M a n a g e m e nt t e a m i n cl u d e d t w o C o- Pri n ci p al I n v esti g at ors/ Pr oj e ct Dir e ct ors, t w o
C o- Pr oj e ct M a n a g ers, a n d t w o a d mi nistr ati v e s u p p ort st aff.
T h e c o m pl e xit y a n d ti m eli n e of t h e Pr o gr a m r e q uir e d cl os e c o or di n ati o n wit hi n M ass D E P, a n d

b et w e e n M ass D E P a n d U M ass. St e ps w er e t a k e n t o e ns ur e t h at s u c h c o or di n ati o n o c c urr e d. First,
t h er e w er e w e e kl y m e eti n gs/ c alls i n v ol vi n g t h e M ass D E P p ers o n n el w or ki n g dir e ctl y o n t h e
Pr o gr a m ( M ass D E P t e a m) a n d t h e U M ass Pr o gr a m Dir e ct ors a n d Pr oj e ct M a n a g ers t o dis c uss
21
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

Pr o gr a m i m pl e m e nt ati o n. T o pi cs dis c uss e d d uri n g t h es e m e eti n gs/ c alls i n cl u d e d: 1)

i m pl e m e nt ati o n pri oriti es a n d str at e gi es; 2) i d e ntifi c ati o n of iss u es arisi n g d uri n g i m pl e m e nt ati o n
t h at n e e d e d t o b e a d dr ess e d/r es ol v e d; a n d 3) i m pl e m e nt ati o n r ep orti n g a n d tr a c ki n g.
S e c o n d, t h e M ass D E P t e a m m et w e e kl y wit h M ass D E P s e ni or m a n a g e m e nt t o dis c uss: 1) t h e
st at us of t h e Pr o gr a m, i n cl u di n g r e p orti n g a n d tr a c ki n g of o n g oi n g eff orts; 2) r es o ur c e iss u es a n d
d e m a n ds; 3) Pr o gr a m c osts a n d b u d g et; 4) i m pl e m e nt ati o n pri orit i es, str at e gi es, a n d diffi c ulti es;
a n d 5) iss u es arisi n g d uri n g i m pl e m e nt ati o n t h at n e e d e d t o b e a d dr ess e d/r es ol v e d. I n a d diti o n, o n
a w e e kl y b asis, t h e M ass D E P t e a m pr o vi d e d M ass D E P s e ni or m a n a g e m e nt wit h a n i nt er n al
r e p ort s u m m ari zi n g t h e n u m b er of: 1) p arti ci p ati n g c o m m u niti es; 2) p arti ci p atin g s c h o ol
b uil di n gs; 3) I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs c o m pl et e d; 4) b uil di n gs w h er e s a m pli n g w as c o m pl et e d or
s c h e d ul e d; a n d 5) b uil di n gs wit h A L e x c e e d a n c es f or l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er. Fi n all y, t h e M ass DE P
t e a m m et w e e kl y t o dis c uss o n- g oi n g Pr o gr a m i m pl e m e nt ati o n iss u es, i n cl u di n g i d e ntif yi n g
iss u es t h at n e e d e d t o b e r ais e d a n d dis c uss e d wit h U M ass a n d M ass D E P s e ni or m a n a g e m e nt, a n d
i d e ntif yi n g, assi g ni n g, a n d tr a c ki n g t as ks r e q uir e d f or c o nti n u e d i m pl e m e nt ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m.
4. 1 3 Pr ess I nt er est/ C o v er a g e
D u e t o t h e n ati o n al att e nti o n o n Fli nt, Mi c hi g a n, t h e iss u e of l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er w as a f o c us

f or m a n y l o c al m e di a o utl ets l o o ki n g f or M ass a c h us etts-s p e cifi c n e ws r el at e d t o t his f ast-
s pr e a di n g n ati o n al st or y. W h e n t h e Pr o gr a m w as l a u n c h e d, it w as pi c k e d u p b y a n u m b er of
m e di a o utl ets a cr oss t h e st at e. B et w e e n A pril 2 0 1 6 a n d M ar c h 2 0 1 7, M ass D E P a cti viti es r el at e d
t o l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er w er e a m o n g t h e c o nt e nts of 8 2 pr ess cli p pi n gs fr o m 3 9 m e di a o utl ets.
T h es e r a n g e d fr o m n ati o n al o utl ets li k e C N N , T h e G u ar di a n, a n d t h e Ass o ci at e d Pr ess , t o m aj or
d ail y p u bli c ati o ns li k e t h e B ost o n Gl o b e , t h e S pri n gfi el d R e p u bli c a n, a n d t h e W or c est er
T el e gr a m & G az ett e , t o s m all l o c al p u bli c ati o ns li k e t h e Arli n gt o n A d v o c at e , t h e B ost o n P at c h,
a n d t h e H a milt o n- W e n h a m C hr o ni cl e . M ost of t h e arti cl es f o c us e d o n t h e Pr o gr a m a n d oft e n
c o nt ai n e d t h e r es ults f or i n di vi d u al s c h o ol f a ciliti es i n a p a rti c ul ar cir c ul ati o n ar e a. B a y St at e-
b as e d t el e visi o n st ati o ns s u c h as F o x 2 5 N e ws , W W L P C h a n n el 2 2 i n S pri n gfi el d a n d W C V B T V
C h a n n el 5 c arri e d br o a d c asts f e at uri n g t h e Pr o gr a m a n d t h e r es ults t h at s h o w e d t h at a hi g h
p er c e nt a g e of p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols h a d o n e or m or e fi xt ur es wit h l e a d or c o p p er a b o v e a n A L . At
t h e ti m e of t his R e p ort, me di a i n M ass a c h us etts c o nti n u e t o e x pr ess i nt er est i n t h e Pr o gr a m a n d
its s a m pli n g r es ults, wit h a f o c us o n w h at l o c al s c h o ol distri cts ar e d oi n g t o a d dr es s l e a d a n d
c o p p er e x c e e d a n c es t h at ar e u n c o v er e d d uri n g t h e Pr o gr a m.
5. B u d g et
5. 1 U M ass Pr oj e ct M a n a g e m e nt, T e c h ni c al Assist a n c e, a n d L a b or at or y A n al ysis
T h e fi g ur es b el o w ar e b as e d u p o n i nf or m ati o n a v ail a bl e t o M ass D E P as of t h e ti m e t his R e p ort

w as c o m pl et e d. Fi g ur es ar e e x p e ct e d t o c h a n g e as M ass D E P r e c ei v es fi n al billi n g i nf or m ati o n.
T h e Pr o gr a m w as a cti v e fr o m M a y 2 0 1 6 t hr o u g h F e br u ar y 2 0 1 7. T h e t ot al c ost of t h e Pr o gr a m is
esti m at e d t o b e $ 2, 1 0 0, 0 0 0 f or pr oj e ct m a n a g e m e nt, a d mi nistr ati v e s u p p ort, U M ass T A Ps,
l a bor at or y a n al ysis, a n d st at e c o ntr a ct ors. Pr o gr a m c osts f or U M ass m a n a g e m e nt a n d
a d mi nistr ati v e s u p p ort w er e a p pr o xi m at el y $ 2 7 2, 0 0 0, a n d t h e c ost f or t h e U M ass T A Ps w as
22
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

a p pr o xi m at el y $ 3 5 0, 0 0 0 i n cl u di n g l a b or, tr a v el, a n d s u p pli es 5 . T h e t ot al e x p e n dit ur e f or s a m pl e

a n al ysis b y t h e 1 2 l a b or at ori es u n d er c o ntr a ct t o U M ass w as a p pr o xi m at el y $ 1, 4 1 0, 0 0 0. A n ot h er
$ 6 0, 8 6 0 w as s p e nt f or st at e c o ntr a ct ors t o c o n d u ct h a n ds- o n s a m pli n g f or s c h o ols t h at n e e d e d
s u c h assist a n c e. I n a d diti o n, t h e M W R A l a b or at or y pr o vi d e d l a b or at or y a n al ysis f or s c h o ols i n
its s er vi c e ar e a. T h os e c osts w er e c o v er e d b y M W R A a n d ar e n ot i n cl u d e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m
b u d g et.
5. 2 M ass D E P St aff Ti m e
M or e t h a n 3 2 M ass D E P st aff d e v ot e d si g nifi c a nt ti m e t o t h e Pr oj e ct. I n t ot al, t h e st aff h o urs

s p e nt w as t h e e q ui v al e nt of 4 t o 5 f ull ti m e st aff p ositi o ns.
5. 3 L a b or at or y A n al ysis C o ntri b uti o n b y M W R A
As pr e vi o usl y m e nti o n e d, M W R A pr o vi d e d l a b or at or y s er vi c es f or s c h o ols i n its s er vi c e ar e a.

T his a m o u nt e d t o m or e t h a n 6, 3 0 0 s a m pl es fr o m 1 0 3 s c h o ol b uil di n gs i n 2 0 c o m m u niti es,
c o nstit uti n g a p pr o xi m at el y 1 1 p er c e nt of all s a m pl es c oll e ct e d. I n a d diti o n t o t h e r es ults r e p ort e d
i n t his r e p ort as p art of t h e D E P pr o gr a m, M W R A t est e d a n u m b er of s c h o ols t h at di d n ot
dir e ctl y us e t h e D E P t e c h ni c al assist a n c e. All t h os e r es ults w er e als o s u b mitt e d t o M ass D E P vi a
e D E P, a n d ar e a v ail a bl e o n M ass D E P’ s s c h o ol w e bsit e. O v er all, t h e t all y of s a m pl es c o m pl et e d
b y t h e M W R A L a b as p art of its o n g oi n g t esti n g pr o gr a m, as of M ar c h 3 1, 2 0 1 7, w as as
f oll o ws: 1 3, 6 7 8 s a m pl es fr o m 3 0 6 s c h o ols a cr oss 3 5 c o m m u niti es.
6. O ut p uts/ Fi n di n gs
6. 1 Pr o gr a m O ut p uts
I n r es p o ns e t o t h e R FI, a t ot al of 1 8 5 diff er e nt m u ni ci p aliti es a n d 1 6 3 diff er e nt s c h o ol s yst e ms

si g n e d u p f or assist a n c e at 1, 0 6 6 diff er e nt s c h o ols . T h e n u m b er of b uil di n gs w h er e assist a n c e
w as s o u g ht wit hi n a s c h o ol s yst e m r a n g e d fr o m 1 t o a m a xi m u m of 7 6.
A t ot al of 1 4 7 I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs w er e c o n d u ct e d. F o urt e e n diff er e nt s c h o ol s yst e ms i n 1 6
c o m m u niti es t h at r es p o n d e d t o t h e R FI d e ci d e d t o o pt o ut of t h e Pr o gr a m pri or t o r e c ei vi n g a n
I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g. A n a d diti o n al 1 6 c o m m u niti es fr o m 1 3 diff er e nt s c h o ol s yst e ms h a d
I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs b ut t h e n d e ci d e d n ot t o c o nti n u e wit h t h e s u bs e q u e nt c o m p o n e nts of t h e
Pr o gr a m 6 .
S a m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d at a t ot al of 8 1 8 diff er e nt s c h o ols fr o m 1 5 3 diff er e nt m u ni ci p aliti es. A
t ot al of 5 5, 9 1 9 s a m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d, r a n gi n g fr o m a mi ni m u m of 2 t o a m a xi m u m of 4 3 1
s a m pl es at a n i n di vi d u al s c h o ol b uil di n g, wit h a n a v er a g e of 6 9 s a m pl es p er s c h o ol b uil di n g. A
t ot al of 3 1, 8 3 2 fi xt ur es w er e s a m pl e d u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m. T h e a v er a g e n u m b er of fi xt ur es
s a m pl e d p er b uil di n g w as 3 9.

5
T h er e w er e a t ot al of 1 3 T A Ps hir e d b y U M ass. T ot al h o urs f or T A Ps w er e a b o ut 6, 0 0 0.
6
I n a d diti o n, o n e s c h o ol s yst e m wit h 7 6 s c h o ols is still c o nsi d eri n g w h et h er or n ot t o s a m pl e u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m.
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

6. 2 L e a d a n d C o p p er E x c e e d a n c e D at a
T h e Pr o gr a m c oll e ct e d l e a d ( P b) a n d c o p p er ( C u) s a m pl es fr o m 8 1 1 s c h o ol b uil di n gs 7 . As c a n b e
s e e n i n Fi g ur e 1, a p pr o xi m at el y 7 2 p er c e nt of t h es e b uil di n gs h a d o n e or m or e fi xt ur es e x c e e di n g
t h e A L f or l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er; 2 9 p er c e nt of t h es e b uil di n gs e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or b ot h l e a d a n d
c o p p er at o n e or m or e fi xt ur es; 4 0 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d o nl y, 3 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d t h e
A L f or c o p p er o nl y, a n d 2 8 p er c e nt di d n ot h a v e a n y A L e x c e e d a n c es.
Fi g u r e 1: E x c e e d a n c es of L e a d a n d C o p p e r A cti o n L e v els i n
S c h o ols
> P b A L o nl y
28 % > C u A L o nl y
40 %
> B ot h A Ls
N o A L Es
29 %
3 %
F or l e a d, a p pr o xi m at el y 3 2 p er c e nt of all s c h o ol b uil di n gs h a d l e v els at or b el o w t h e A L of 0. 0 1 5

m g/ L at all fi xt ur es. T h e m a xi m u m l e a d c o n c e ntr ati o ns m e as ur e d at s c h o ols r a n g e d fr o m n o
d et e cti o n t o 4 2 m g/ L ( Fi g ur e 2). F or c o p p er, 6 8 p er c e nt of all s c h o ol b uil di n gs s a m pl e d h a d
l e v els at or b el o w t h e A L of 1. 3 m g/ L at all fi xt ur es. T h e m a xi m u m c o p p er c o n c e ntr ati o n
m e as ur e d at s c h o ols r a n g e d fr o m n o d et e cti o n t o 5 3. 2 m g/ L ( Fi g ur e 3).

7
S o m e of t h e 8 1 8 p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols w er e c o -l o c at e d i n o n e b uil di n g, m e a ni n g t h at t h er e w er e 8 1 1 i n di vi d u al
s c h o ol b uil di n gs s a m pl e d.
24
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

Fi g u r e 2: M a xi m u m L e a d C o n c e nt r ati o n i n S c h o ol S a m pl es
120
Lea d 109
A cti o n
100
L e v el
100 92
84
80
N u m b e r of S c h o ols
62
60 54
51
44
41
40 31
26 26
20 18
15 17
20
6 6
3
0
0 = b el o w d et e cti o n l e v el L e a d ( m g/ L)
Fi g u r e 3: M a xi m u m C o p p e r C o n c e nt r ati o n i n S c h o ol
S a m pl es
300 C o p p er A cti o n
L e v el
251
250
200
N u m b e r of S c h o ols
150 138
100 90 85
65
41 35 36
50 31
14 8 10
1 0
0
0 0. 4 0. 7 1 1. 3 1. 6 1. 9 2. 2 5 10 15 20 25 >25
0 = b el o w d et e cti o n l e v el C o p p e r ( m g/ L)
25
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

A t ot al of 5 5, 9 1 9 i n di vi d u al s a m pl es w er e c oll e ct e d as p art of t h e Pr o gr a m. M ost i n di vi d u al

fi xt ur es h a d t w o s a m pl es c oll e ct e d – a n i niti al dr a w a n d a 3 0-s e c o n d fl us h. A p pr o xi m at el y 1
p er c e nt of t h e t ot al s a m pl es c oll e ct e d e x c e e d e d t h e A Ls f or b ot h l e a d a n d c o p p er, 7 p er c e nt
e x c e e d e d o nl y t h e l e a d A L , 1 p er c e nt e x c e e d e d o nl y t h e c o p p er A L , a n d 9 1 p er c e nt di d n ot h a v e
a n y A L e x c e e d a n c es ( Fi g ur e 4).
Fi g u r e 4: E x c e e d a n c es of L e a d a n d C o p p e r A cti o n L e v els i n
S c h o ol S a m pl es
1 % 1 %
7 %
> P b A L o nl y
> C u A L o nl y
> B ot h A Ls
N o A L Es
91 %
A p pr o xi m at el y 9 2 p er c e nt of all i n di vi d u al s a m pl es t a k e n m e as ur e d at or b el o w t h e l e a d A L of
0. 0 1 5 m g/ L. L e a d c o n c e ntr ati o ns i n all s a m pl es r a n g e d fr o m n o d et e cti o n t o 4 2 m g/ L ( Fi g ur e 5).
A p pr o xi m at el y 9 8 p er c e nt of all i n di vi d u al s a m pl es m e as ur e d at or b el o w t h e c o p p er A L of 1. 3
m g/ L. C o p p er c o n c e ntr ati o ns i n all s a m pl es r a n g e d fr o m n o d et e cti o n t o 5 3. 2 m g/ L ( Fi g ur e 6).
26
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

Fi g u r e 5: L e a d C o n c e nt r ati o ns i n All S c h o ol S a m pl es
3 0 0 0 0
2 8, 4 1 7 L e a d A cti o n L e v el
2 5 0 0 0
N u m b er of S a m pl es
2 0 0 0 0
1 4, 0 8 7
1 5 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
5, 2 2 2
5 0 0 0
2, 3 8 7 2, 1 7 1
1, 4 6 7 9 7 2 1, 0 5 7 3 2 3
76 290 123 61 35 73 100
0
0 = b el o w d et e cti o n l e v el L e a d ( m g / L)
Fi g u r e 6: C o p p e r C o n c e nt r ati o ns i n All S c h o ol S a m pl es
25000
2 2, 3 1 5
C o p p er A cti o n L e v el
1 9, 9 0 6
20000
N u m b e r of S a m pl es
15000
10000
6, 2 0 5
5000
3, 1 2 5
1, 7 4 9 582
570 1, 0 1 7 786
220 92 44 29 13 15 16 9 46
0
0 0. 1 0. 3 0. 5 0. 7 0. 9 1. 1 1. 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >10
0 = b el o w d et e cti o n l e v el C o p p e r ( m g/ L)
27
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

T w el v e diff er e nt fi xt ur e t y p es w er e s a m pl e d as p art of t h e Pr o gr a m, wit h t h e gr e at est n u m b er of

s a m pl es c o mi n g fr o m cl assr o o m f a u c ets, dri n ki n g w at er f o u nt ai ns, a n d w at er c o ol ers 8 ( T a bl e 1).
T a bl e 1: Fi xt ur e T y p es S a m pl e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m
Fi xt u r e T y p e N u m b e r of S a m pl es
Cl assr o o m F a u c et 2 1, 3 8 5
Dri n ki n g W at er F o u nt ai n 1 4, 5 5 6
W at er C o ol er ( C hill er U nit) 6, 8 6 3
Kit c h e n F a u c et 4, 2 0 1
Ot h er L o c ati o n 2, 1 0 1
N urs e's Offi c e Si n k 1, 7 9 1
B at hr o o m F a u c et 1, 1 9 6
Kit c h e n K ettl e ( c ol d w at er li n e) 1, 0 7 9
Kit c h e n K ettl e ( h ot w at er li n e) 4
H o m e E c o n o mi cs R o o m, C ol d 527
Kit c h e n I c e M a k er 138
S er vi c e C o n n e ct or 9 16
O v er all, first dr a w s a m pl es w er e m or e li k el y t o e x c e e d a n A L t h a n fl us h s a m pl es, wit h 1 3

p er c e nt of all first dr a w s a m pl es e x c e e di n g a n A L a n d o nl y 4 p e r c e nt of all fl us h s a m pl es
e x c e e di n g a n A L. W h e n c o m p ari n g t h e p er c e nt a g e of fi xt ur es t h at s h o w e d el e v at e d l e a d a n d/ or
c o p p er c o n c e ntr ati o ns, t h er e ar e cl e ar diff er e n c es b et w e e n t h e s a m pl es fr o m diff er e nt t y p es of
fi xt ur es ( Fi g ur es 7 a n d 8). F or t h e first dr a w a n d fl us h s a m pl es, kit c h e n k ettl es w er e t h e m ost
li k el y t o e x c e e d a n A L , alt h o u g h kit c h e n k ettl es c o nstit ut e d a s m all p orti o n of t h e tot al fi xt ur es
s a m ple d . Of t h e 1, 0 7 9 s a m pl es fr o m kit c h e n k ettl es, 3 2 p er c e nt of first dr a w s a m pl es e x c e e d e d
a n A L, a n d 7 p er c e nt of fl us h s a m pl es e x c e e d e d a n A L . Of t h e 2 1, 3 8 5 s a m pl es fr o m cl assr o o m
f a u c ets, a n A L w as e x c e e d e d 1 8 p er c e nt of t h e ti m e f or first dr a w s a m pl es a n d 3 p er c e nt of t h e
ti m e f or fl us h s a m pl es. A t ot al of 1 4, 5 5 6 w er e t a k e n fr o m dri n ki n g w at er f o u nt ai ns, a n d t h es e
e x c e e d e d a n A L 1 1 p er c e nt of t h e ti m e f or first dr a w s a m pl es a n d 4 p er c e nt of t h e ti m e f or fl us h
s a m pl es. I n c o ntr ast, kit c h e n i c e m a k ers a n d w at er c o ol ers w er e t h e l e ast l i k el y t o e x c e e d a n A L.

8
A w at er c o ol er is a u nit t h at r efri g er at es dri n ki n g w at er pri or t o d eli v eri n g it.
9
A s er vi c e c o n n e ct or is t h e pi p e t h at r u ns b et w e e n t h e w at er m ai n i n t h e str e et a n d t h e b uil di n g r e c ei vi n g w at er.
B e c a us e o nl y 1 6 b uil di n gs s a m pl e d fr o m s er vi c e c o n n e ct ors, n o c o n cl usi o ns a b o ut t h e fr e q u e n c y of A L e x c e e d a n c es
c a n b e dr a w n fr o m t h es e r es ults.
28
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

Fi g u r e 7: A cti o n L e v el E x c e e d a n c e i n Fi xt u r e T y p es ( Fi rst D r a w
S a m pl es)
100 %
90 %
P e r c e nt of Fi xt u r es S a m pl e d
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 % >B OT H
30 %
> P b o nl y
20 %
10 % > C u o nl y
0 % N o A L Es
Fi g u r e 8: A cti o n L e v el E x c e e d a n c es i n Fi xt u r e T y p es ( Fl us h
S a m pl es)
100 %
90 %
P e r c e nt of Fi xt u r es S a m pl e d
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 % >B OT H
30 %
> P b o nl y
20 %
10 % > C u o nl y
0 % N o A L Es
29
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

6. 3 I nt ers e cti o ns wit h P u bli c W at er S u p pli ers
M ass a c h us etts r e g ul ati o ns u n d er t h e L C R r e q uir e P W Ss s u bj e ct t o t h e r ul e t o r o uti n el y c oll e ct

s a m pl es fr o m at l e ast t w o dri n ki n g w at er fi xt ur es at a mi ni m u m of t w o l o c al s c h o ols i n t h e P W S
s er vi c e ar e a d uri n g e a c h L C R m o nit ori n g p eri o d. T h es e P W Ss als o e n g a g e a n d e d u c at e l o c al
s c h o ols a n d s c h o ol distri ct s o n st e ps s c h o ols c a n t a k e w h e n l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er i n s c ho ol dri n ki n g
w at er is a b o v e t h e A L . C oll a b or ati o n b et w e e n s c h o ols a n d t h eir P W S is criti c al w h e n a d dr essi n g
t h es e iss u es. P W Ss ar e c ertifi e d a n d e x p eri e n c e d dri n ki n g w at er pr of essi o n als a v ail a bl e t o
pr o vi d e t e c h ni c al assist a n c e t o t h eir l o c al s c h o ols. P W Ss ar e als o a gr e at ass et t o s c h o ols as t h e y
l e ar n a b o ut t h e L C C A pr o gr a m. W h e n M ass D E P b e c o m es a w ar e of a s c h o ol s a m pli n g r es ult
a b o v e t h e l e a d or c o p p er A L , t h e a g e n c y e n c o ur a g es s c h o ols t o w or k wit h t h eir l o c al P W S t o
e v al u at e t h e iss u e a n d t a k e c orr e cti v e a cti o n.
T hr o u g h o ut t h e d ur ati o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, P W Ss w er e oft e n a n i m p ort a nt m e m b er of t h e l o c al
t e a m. M ass D E P e n c o ur a g e d s c h o ols t o i n vit e t h eir P W S s t o t h e i niti al I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g,
a n d M ass D E P ur g e d s c h o ols t o k e e p t h eir P W Ss a br e ast of all a cti viti es a n d c o m m u ni c ati o ns. A
n u m b er of P W S offi ci als m a d e t h e ms el v es a v ail a bl e t o w or k wit h p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols a n d
M ass D E P i n s a m pli n g a n d a d dr essi n g l e a d a n d c o p p er iss u es. As a r es ult of t h e Pr o gr a m, o n e
s c h o ol distri ct s e nt a p pr o xi m at el y a d o z e n distri ct st aff t o b e tr ai n e d a n d c ertifi e d as dri n ki n g
w at er s yst e m o p er at ors. U p o n r e c ei vi n g s c h o ol s yst e m s a m pl e r es ults fr o m t h eir s er vi c e ar e a, a
h a n df ul of P W Ss i d e ntifi e d t h e n e e d f or m or e st a bilit y i n c orr osi o n c o ntr ol tr eat m e nt pr a c ti c es
d u e t o el e v at e d c o p p er l e v els.
A n u m b er of s c h o ols t h at p arti ci p at e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m w er e M ass D E P-r e gist er e d P W S s wit h t h eir
o w n s o ur c e of w at er. T h es e s c h o ols ar e r e g ul at e d i n a c c or d a n c e wit h M ass a c h us etts Dri n ki n g
W at er R e g ul ati o ns ( 3 1 0 C M R 2 2. 0 0) a n d w er e n otifi e d i n a d v a n c e t h at a n y s a m pli n g p erf or m e d
u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m c o ul d p ossi bl y r es ult i n c h a n g es t o t h eir L C R c o m pli a n c e r e q uir e m e nts.
6. 4 R e m e di al A cti o ns T a k e n b y S c h o ols
U p o n r e c ei vi n g t h eir s a m pli n g r es ults, t h e Pr o gr a m e n c o ur a g e d s c h o ols t o c arr y o ut t h e

f oll o wi n g a cti o ns i m m e di at el y. S c h o ols w er e e n c o ur a g e d t o q ui c kl y dis c o nti n u e c o ns u m pti o n of
w at er fr o m a n y fi xt ur e e x c e e di n g a n A L b y s h utti n g t h e fi xt ur e off or l a b eli n g it f or h a n d w as hi n g
o nl y. N e xt, s c h o ols w er e e n c o ur a g e d t o q ui c kl y c o m m u ni c at e t h e r es ults a n d a n y r e m e di al
a cti o ns t o p ar e nts a n d st aff, a n d als o t o d e v el o p a s h ort- t er m r e m e di al a cti o n pl a n. S h ort-t er m
pl a ns ass ur e d p ar e nts a n d st aff t h at t h e w at er b ei n g pr o vi d e d t o c hil dr e n a n d st aff will b e b el o w
t h e A Ls . Aft er i m pl e m e nti n g t h e s h ort-t er m pl a n, s c h o ols w er e e n c o ur a g e d t o b e gi n w or k o n a
l o n g-t er m pl a n. T h e r e c o m m e n d e d l o n g-t er m r e m e di al a cti o n pl a n f or all s c h o ols w as t o r e pl a c e
a n y fi xt ur e or pl u m bi n g t h at c o nt ai ns l e a d or l e a d s ol d er, i n cl u di n g ol d er br ass fitti n gs t h at
c o nt ai n a hi g h p er c e nt a g e of l e a d. R e pl a c e m e nt m a y b e a l e n gt h y pr o c ess, d e p e n di n g o n t h e
e xt e nt of t h e pr o bl e m, a n d c a n b e e x p e nsi v e if it i n v ol v es all t h e pi pi n g i n a b uil di n g. T h e
Pr o gr a m a d vis e d t h at c o p p er e x c e e d a n c es ar e diff er e nt fr o m l e a d e x c e e d a n c es b e c a us e t h e l o n g-
t er m r e m e di al a cti o n pl a n is n ot r e pl a c e m e nt. T h e r e m e di al a cti o n pl a n f or c o p p er f o c us es o n
d et er mi ni n g w h y t h e c o p p er pi p e is c orr o di n g a n d c a usi n g t h e e x c e e d a n c e (s u c h as i m pr o p er
gr o u n di n g of el e ctri c al wiri n g), a n d t h e n c orr e cti o n of t h e pr o bl e m.
30
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

M ass D E P r eli e d o n r e m e di al a cti o n i nf or m ati o n t h at w as v ol u nt aril y r e p ort e d t o M ass D E P vi a

t h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol or ot h er c o m m u ni c ati o ns. T h e t y p e of s h ort-t er m r e m e di al a cti o ns
n e e d e d d e p e n d e d o n: t h e t y p e of fi xt ur es; first dr a w v ers us fl us h s a m pl es; t h e n u m b er a n d t h e
l o c ati o ns of t h e fi xt ur es i n t h e s c h o ol t h at h a d e x c e e d a n c es; a n d w h et h er t h e e x c e e d a n c es w er e
l e a d or c o p p er. B as e d o n v ol u nt aril y r e p ort e d i nf or m ati o n, s h ort-t er m r e m e di al a cti o ns t a k e n b y
s c h o ols i n cl u d e d: p osti n g “ h a n d w as hi n g o nl y ” si g ns a b o v e cl assr o o m a n d b at hr o o m si n ks;
s h utti n g off fi xt ur es u ntil t h e y c o ul d b e r e pl a c e d; pr o vi di n g b ottl e d w at er; dis c o n n e cti n g
u n n e e d e d fi xt ur es; a n d/ or est a blis hi n g a d ail y fl us hi n g pr o gr a m. A d ail y fl us hi n g pr o gr a m c a n b e
n arr o w or br o a d i n s c o p e as it m a y i n cl u d e j ust a h a n df ul of fi xt ur es, a si n gl e wi n g of a s c h o ol, or
t h e e ntir e s c h o ol b uil di n g. T h e Pr o gr a m r e c o m m e n ds r e-t esti n g aft er i m pl e m e nti n g r e m e di al
a cti o ns s o t h a t s c h o ols c a n b e ass ur e d t h at t h eir r e m e di al a cti o ns ar e w or kin g.
T h e f oll o wi n g s u m m ari z es i nf or m ati o n pr o vi d e d t o M ass D E P b y p a rti ci p ati n g s c h o ols o n t h e

r e m e di al a cti o ns t a k e n at t h e m ost c o m m o n t y p es of fi xt ur es.
6. 4. 1 Si n ks
S o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms t est e d cl assr o o m si n ks t h at w er e eit h er n ot i n us e or b ei n g us ed

i nfr e q u e ntl y, a n d m a n y of t h es e t y p es of si n ks h a d s a m pli n g r esults wit h hi g h l e v els of l e a d. As a
r e m e di al a cti o n, t h e s c h o ols w er e oft e n a bl e t o r e m o v e t h e fi xtur es i n t h eir e ntir et y.
D uri n g t h e s a m pli n g p h as e, a f e w s c h o ol s yst e ms als o t o o k s a m pl es fr o m b at hr o o m si n ks. S o m e

s c h o ols d e ci d e d t o p ost “ h a n d w as hi n g o nl y ” si g ns a b o v e t h es e s i n ks as t h e r e m e di al a cti o n i n
r es p o ns e t o a n A L e x c e e d a n c e. O n e s c h o ol s yst e m t h at h a d a n u m b er of b at hr o o m si n ks
e x c e e di n g t h e A L f or l e a d o pt e d t o r e pl a c e all of t h e fi xt ur es o v er t h e A L.
6. 4. 2 Kit c h e n K ettl es
T h e dri n ki n g w at er fi xt ur es at s c h o ols t h at w er e m ost li k el y t o e x c e e d t h e A L f or l e a d w er e

kit c h e n k ettl es. A kit c h e n k ettl e is a l ar g e v ess el of w at er t h at is h e at e d t o c o o k, w ar m, or st e a m
f o o d s u c h as v e g et a bl es, s o u p, a n d ri c e. A b o ut 1, 0 7 9 s a m pl es w er e t a k e n fr o m kit c h e n k ettl es.
A p pr o xi m at el y 2 7 p er c e nt of first s a m pl es fr o m t h es e fi xt ur es e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d, w h er e as
6 p er c e nt of fl us h s a m pl es e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d. T h er e c o ul d b e s e v er al e x pl a n ati o ns f or t h e
hi g h p er c e nt a g e of e x c e e d a n c es; o n e p ossi bilit y is t h at t h e k et tl es ar e n ot us e d as oft e n as ot h er
dri n ki n g w at er fi xt ur es at s c h o ols, s o t h e w at er is st a g n a nt i n t h e pi p es f or a l o n g er ti m e. T h e
m ost c o m m o n r es p o ns e fr o m s c h o ols t o a l e a d e x c e e d a n c e f or a ki t c h e n k ettl e w as t o est a blis h a
fl us hi n g pr o gr a m.
6. 4. 3 D ri n ki n g W at e r F o u nt ai ns a n d C o ol e rs
A n u m b er of s c h o ols f o u n d el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d at dri n ki n g w at er f o u nt ai ns a n d c o ol ers

l o c at e d i n h all w a ys a n d i nsi d e cl assr o o ms. S o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms f o u n d t h at cl assr o o m w at er
f o u nt ai ns w er e l ess fr e q u e ntl y us e d t h a n h all w a y w at er f o u nt ai ns a n d w er e u n n e e d e d b e c a us e
t h er e w as s uffi ci e nt dri n ki n g w at er a v ail a bl e i n t h e h all w a ys. F or u n n e e d e d fi xt ur es, m a n y
s c h o ols dis c o n n e ct e d t h e m fr o m t h e w at er s u p pl y or r e m o v e d t h e m e ntir el y. Ot h er s c h o ol
s yst e ms t e m p or aril y s h ut off w at er f o u nt ai ns i n h all w a ys a n d q u i c kl y arr a n g e d f or t h e i nst all ati o n
31
5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

of r e pl a c e m e nts. Fi n all y, s o m e s c h o ol s yst e ms i nst all e d n e w filt er e d dri n ki n g w at er f o u nt ai ns,

w at er c o ol ers, or w at er b ottl e filli n g st ati o ns wit h filt ers c a p a bl e of r e m o vi n g l e a d.
6. 4. 4 W at e r B ottl e Filli n g St ati o ns
T h e dri n ki n g w at er fi xt ur es at s c h o ols t h at w er e l e ast li k el y t o e x c e e d t h e A L f or l e a d w er e w at er

b ottl e filli n g st ati o ns. S a m pli n g d at a fr o m 2 7 5 w at er b ottl e filli n g st ati o ns at s c h o ols a cr oss t h e
C o m m o n w e alt h r e v e al e d t h at 9 2 p er c e nt ( 2 5 3) of t h es e h a d n o n- d et e ct a bl e l e v els of l e a d. O nl y 2
p er c e nt ( 5) of t h e st ati o ns h a d l e a d l e v els t h at e x c e e d e d t h e A L . F oll o w- u p c o n v ers ati o ns
b et w e e n M ass D E P st aff a n d s c h o ol p ers o n n el i n di c at e d t h at t h e m aj orit y of st ati o ns wit h
e x c e e d a n c es w er e n ot e q ui p p e d wit h filt ers.
T h er e h as b e e n i n cr e asi n g i nt er est a m o n g s c h o ols i n t h e i nst all ati o n of w at er b ottl e filli n g
st ati o ns. B ottl e filli n g st ati o ns c a n b e i nst all e d wit h or wi t h o ut filt ers t o r e m o v e l e a d. S c h o ol
distri cts r e p ort e d t o M ass D E P t h at t h e y h a v e ot h er m ot i v ati o ns f or i nst alli n g t h es e st ati o ns
b esi d es i m pr o vi n g dri n ki n g w at er q u alit y, s u c h as e n c o ur a gi n g ki ds t o dri n k m or e w at er i nst e a d
of s u g ar y dri n ks.
6. 5 C o m m u ni c ati o ns b y S c h o ols
T h e v ast m aj orit y of t h e s c h o ol s yst e ms w h os e s a m pli n g r es ults e x c e e d e d a n A L c o nt a ct e d

M ass D E P f or assist a n c e , a n d a b o ut 3 5 s c h o ols wit h s a m pl es o v er t h e A L c o nt a ct e d M D P H f or
assist a n c e. T h es e s c h o ol s yst e ms dis c o nti n u e d us e of t h e pr o bl e m ati c fi xt ur es a n d c o m m u ni c ate d
t o p ar e nts a n d st aff. Al t h o u g h t h e Pr o gr a m’s I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n gs f or s c h o ol s yst e ms
e x pl ai n e d t h e f oll o w- u p r e m e di al a cti o ns a n d ass o ci at e d c o m m u ni c ati o ns, m a n y s c h o ol s yst e ms
s o u g ht a d diti o n al g ui d a n c e o n h o w t o c o n v e y t h e i nf or m ati o n t o p ar e nts a n d st aff o n c e t h e y h a d
t h e r es ults i n fr o nt of t h e m.
M ass D E P o bt ai n e d k n o wl e d g e a b o ut c o m m u ni c ati o ns b y s c h o ols vi a t h e o nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol,
t e c h ni c al assist a n c e c o n v ers ati o ns b et w e e n a g e n c y p ers o n n el an d s c h o ol st aff, or b y vi e wi n g t h e
s c h o ols’ w e bsit es. B as e d o n t h e i nf or m ati o n a v ail a bl e t o M ass D E P st aff, s c h o ol s yst e ms
c o m m u ni c at e d t h eir s a m pli n g r es ults t o p ar e nts a n d st aff vi a a v ari et y of m et h o ds i n cl u di n g:
e m ails, a ut o m at e d i nf or m ati o n al c alls, l ett ers, w e bsit e p osti n gs, p osti n gs ar o u n d t h e s c h o ols, a n d
n e ws p a p er arti cl es. A f e w s c h o ol s yst e ms cr e at e d t h eir o w n w e b p a g es w h er e p ar e nts c o ul d s e e
all of t h e s a m pl e r es ults f or t h e s c h o ol s yst e m a n d fi n d m or e i nf or m ati o n a b o ut l e a d a n d c o p p er
i n dri n ki n g w at er. A h a n df ul of s c h o ol s yst e ms h el d p u bli c m e eti n gs (i n s o m e c as es as ki n g
Pr o gr a m p ers o n n el a n d/ or M D P H p ers o n n el t o att e n d) a n d o n e s c h o ol s et u p a d e di c at e d e m ail
a c c o u nt f or p ar e nts t o e m ail q u esti o ns. S c h o ol s yst e ms c o m m o nl y pr o vi d e d li n ks t o t h e
M ass D E P a n d M D P H w e bsit es i n t h eir c o m m u ni c ati o n m at eri als. S c h o ol s yst e ms r e p ort e d t o
M ass D E P t h at t h e y f o u n d t h e F A Qs fr o m t h e M D P H t o b e v er y us ef ul a n d oft e n pr o vi d e d t h e m
t o p ar e nts a n d st aff.
S c h o ol s yst e ms r e p ort e d t h at t h e y a p pr e ci at e d b ei n g pr o vi d e d wit h t e m pl at e l ett ers f or us e i n
c o m m u ni c ati n g s a m pli n g r es ults a n d r e m e di al a cti o ns t o p ar e nts a n d st aff. S o m e s c h o ols w er e
als o i nt er est e d i n s e ei n g e x a m pl es of h o w ot h er s c h o ols c o m m u ni c at ed wit h p ar e nts a n d st aff.
S c h o ol s yst e ms oft e n c ust o mi z e d t h e M ass D E P t e m pl at e l ett ers b y a d di n g t h eir o w n l a n g u a g e,
a n d s o m e s c h o ols als o r e p ort e d tr a nsl ati n g l ett ers i nt o S p a nis h.
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6. 6 B e n efits of t h e Pr o gr a m
T h e m ost si g nifi c a nt b e n efit t h e Pr o gr a m pr o vi d e d w as pr ot e cti n g t h e p u bli c h e alt h of s c h o ol

c hil dr e n a n d st aff a cr oss t h e C o m m o n w e alt h. W at er us e d f or dri n ki n g, c o o ki n g a n d i n offi c es
w h er e n urs es a n d ot h er m e di c al st aff pr o vi d e s er vi c es w as s a m pl e d i n 8 1 8 s c h o ols t o d et er mi n e
if t h e w at er e x c e e d e d t h e A L f or l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er, a n d t h e r es ults w er e pr o m ptl y r e p ort e d t o
t h e s c h o ols. S c h o ols t h e n h a d t h e i nf or m ati o n a n d t o ols t o a d dr ess pr o bl e m fi xt ur es. I n a d diti o n,
t h e Pr o gr a m e m p h asi z e d t h e i m p ort a n c e of tr a ns p ar e n c y: M ass D E P p ost e d all s a m pli n g r es ults
o n its w e bsit e a n d s c h o ols pr o a cti v e l y a n d ti m el y c o m m u ni c ate d t h e s a m pli n g r es ults a n d
r e m e di al a cti o ns t a k e n t o st u d e nts, f a mili es, a n d st aff.
I n a f e w i nst a n c es, m ulti pl e s c h o ols wit hi n a si n gl e P W S s er vi c e ar e a h a d m or e t h a n o n e

e x c e e d a n c e of t h e l e a d a n d/ or c o p p er A Ls . As a r es ult, M ass D E P p ers o n n el r e vi e w e d w at er
q u alit y p ar a m et ers t hr o u g h o ut t h e P W S s er vi c e ar e a, a n d i n s o m e c as es, t his r e vi e w i n di c at e d
t h at c orr osi o n c o ntr ol m a y n ot h a v e b e e n o pti mi z e d a n d w as c o ntri b uti n g t o t h e pr o bl e m. W hil e
t h es e P W Ss di d n ot e x c e e d r e g ul at or y A Ls u n d er t h e L C R, t h e y w er e as k e d b y M ass D E P t o r e-
visit t h eir c orr osi o n c o ntr ol pr a cti c es a n d t h e ass o ci at e d w at er q u alit y p ar a m et ers.
A n ot h er si g nifi c a nt b e n efit w as t h e c ost s a vi n gs t o t h e p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ol s yst e ms. If t h e

p arti ci p ati n g 8 1 8 s c h o ols h a d c o n d u ct e d t his s a m e l e v el of s a m pli n g wit h o ut t h e Pr o gr a m , t h e
c ost of l a b or at or y a n al ysis al o n e w o ul d h a v e b e e n m or e t h a n $ 1, 4 1 0, 0 0 0, w hi c h is t h e esti m at e d
c ost of t h e l a b or at or y a n al ysis u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m b y U M ass- c o ntr a ct e d l a bs. T his fi g ur e d o es n ot
a c c o u nt f or l a b or at or y a n al ysis pr o vi d e d t o p arti ci p ati n g s c h o ols b y M W R A. I n a d diti o n, t h e
t e c h ni c al s u p p ort a n d e x p ert a d vi c e pr o vi d e d u n d er t h e Pr o gr a m w o ul d h a v e b e e n a n e x p e ns e
b or n e b y t h e s c h o ol s yst e ms h a d t h e y s o u g ht s u c h assist a n c e fr o m p ai d t e c h ni c al assist a n c e
pr o vi d ers.
Gi v e n t h e c o m m u ni c ati o ns fr o m s c h o ols a n d m u ni ci p aliti es t o t h e ir st a k e h ol d ers, as w ell as
m ess a gi n g fr o m M ass D E P t o s c h o ols, a n d t h e l o c al a n d st at e wi d e pr ess c o v er a g e a b o ut t h e
Pr o gr a m a n d ass o ci at e d a cti viti es, a w ar e n ess a b o ut l e a d a n d c o p p er i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g w at er
a m o n g s c h o ol s t aff, l o c al offi ci als, a n d t h e g e n er al p u bli c i n cr e as e d c o nsi d er a bl y. O n e i n di c at or
of t his i n cr e as e is t h e n u m b er of r es p o ns es t o t h e v ol u nt ar y L C C A c he c klist. U n d er its L C C A
pr o gr a m, M ass D E P s e n ds a c h e c klist t o all s c h o ol s yst e ms e v er y fi v e y e ars s e e ki n g i nf or m ati o n
a b o ut t h eir eff orts t o i d e ntif y a n d a d dr ess fi xt ur es t h at e x c e e d A Ls . M ass D E P iss u e d its m ost
r e c e nt 5- y e ar s ur v e y i n J a n u ar y 2 0 1 6. B ef or e t h e l a u n c h of t h e Pr o gr a m, fr o m J a n u ar y 2 0 1 6
t hr o u g h A pril 2 0 1 6, M ass D E P h a d r e c ei v e d 4 2 2 L C C A c h e c klist r es p o ns es. B y t h e e n d of t h e
Pr o gr a m i n M ar c h 2 0 1 7, t h e c h e c klist r es p o ns es h a d i n cr e as e d t o 1, 5 5 1.
M ass D E P a nti ci p at es g oi n g f or w ar d m a n y s c h o ols will i nstit ut e o n-g oi n g l e a d a n d c o p p er
s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms. M ass D E P r e c o m m e n ds t h at all s c h o ols s a m pl e a ll L C C A fi xt ur es e v er y
t hr e e y e ars. M ass D E P b eli e v es t h at s c h o ol s yst e ms t h at p arti ci p at e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m will b e m or e
li k el y t o i nstit ut e o n- g oi n g s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms, a n d t h at s c h o ol s yst e ms t h at di d n ot p arti ci p at e i n
t h e Pr o gr a m will b e m or e li k el y t o m o v e t o w ar d i m pl e m e nti n g s u c h pr o gr a ms. B as e d u p o n t h e
i n cr e as e d a w ar e n ess of l e a d a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er, M ass D E P e x p e cts t h at s c h o ol
c o m mitt e es, p ar e nt- t e a c h er gr o u ps, m u ni ci p al offi ci als, a n d ot h ers will w or k t o e ns ur e r o uti n e
s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms. S c h o ol s yst e ms t h at p arti ci p at e d i n t h e Pr o gr a m w er e pr o vi d e d w it h tr ai ni n g
a n d t e c h ni c al assist a n c e m at eri als t h at will e n a bl e t h e m t o i m pl e m e nt s a m pli n g pr o gr a ms o n t h eir
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5- 2- 1 7 FI N A L R E P O R T

o w n. F or s c h o ol s yst e ms t h at di d n ot p arti ci p at e i n t h e Pr o gr a m, t h er e is n o w a f ull s uit e of

t e c h ni c al assist a n c e m at eri als c urr e ntl y a v ail a bl e o n M ass D E P’s w e bsit e.
M D P H h as als o e x p a n d e d a cti viti es r e g ar di n g l e a d e x p os ur e fr o m dri n ki n g w at er. Aft er t h e

c o n cl usi o n of t h e Pr o gr a m, M D P H will c o nti n u e o utr e a c h t o s c h o ols wit h el e v at e d l e v els of l e a d
a n d c o p p er i n dri n ki n g w at er. M D P H h as als o a d d e d l e a d s er vi c e li n e i d e ntifi c ati o n a n d dri n ki n g
w at er t esti n g f or l e a d i nt o its C hil d h o o d L e a d P ois o ni n g Pr e v e nti o n Pr o gr a m ( C L P P P) h o m e
i ns p e cti o ns. W at er t esti n g is c o n d u ct e d f or l e a d- p ois o n e d c hil dr e n a n d a n off er of w at er t esti n g is
m a d e f or all ot h er c hil dr e n wit h el e v at e d bl o o d l e a d l e v els.
A n ot h er b e n efit of t h e Pr o gr a m is t h e i n cr e as e d us e of e D E P b y c ertifi e d dri n ki n g w at er l a bs.

Us e of e D E P b y l a b or at ori es f or r e p orti n g a n al ysis r es ults is e n c o ur a g e d b y M ass D E P, b ut is
v ol u nt ar y. H o w e v er, us e of e D E P w as r e q uir e d f or all l a b or at ori es a n al y zi n g s a m pl es u n d er t h e
Pr o gr a m a n d, as a r es ult, a d diti o n al l a b or at ori es b e g a n t o us e e D E P. M ass D E P h o p es t h at t h es e
l a b or at ori es will c o nti n u e t o utili z e e D E P r e p orti n g n ot o nl y f or f ut ur e l e a d a n d c o p p er a n al ysis,
b ut f or all dri n ki n g w at er a n al ysis r e p orti n g.
6. 7 R e c o m m e n d ati o ns f or M ass D E P Pr o gr a ms, Pr o c e d ur es, a n d R e g ul ati o ns
As a r es ult of t h e Pr o gr a m, M ass D E P is c o nsi d eri n g s o m e n e w a cti viti es t o f urt h er a d dr ess l e a d

a n d c o p p er i n s c h o ol dri n ki n g w at er. T h e a g e n c y w a nts t o m a k e e n h a n c e m e nts t o c urr e nt t o ols
a n d assist a n c e m at eri al s t h at will h el p s c h o ols i m pl e m e nt f ut ur e pr o gr a ms. S p e cifi c
r e c o m m e n d ati o ns ar e as f oll o ws:
• Wit h a v ail a bl e f u n ds f r o m t h e P r o g r a m , c o nti n u e a m o difi e d assist a n c e p r o g r a m t o

p r o vi d e a n ot h e r r o u n d of t e c h ni c al assist a n c e a n d l a b o r at o r y a n al ysis t o s c h o ols
t h at di d n ot p a rti ci p at e i n t h e P r o g r a m i n 2 0 1 6- 1 7, a n d als o t o e n h a n c e e xisti n g
assist a n c e m at e ri als . A b o ut $ 6 0 0, 0 0 0 of t h e ori gi n al f u n di n g m a y still b e a v ail a bl e.
• W o r ki n g wit h st a k e h ol d e rs, M ass D E P is c o nsi d e ri n g w h e r e e n h a n c e d c o o r di n ati o n

a n d d at a s h a ri n g wit h p u bli c w at e r s u p pli e rs t o s u p p o rt t esti n g i n s c h o ols is
a p p r o p ri at e . C o nsi d er ati o n is b ei n g gi v e n t o t h e u ni v ers e of P W Ss wit h corr osi o n
c o ntr ol w h o p erf or m r o uti n e s a m pli n g, h o w oft e n l e a d a n d c o p p er s a m pli n g o c c urs, a n d
r e q uiri n g o nli n e r e p orti n g b y P W Ss t o M ass D E P. B as e d o n e x p eri en c e w or ki n g wit h
s c h o ols i n diff er e nt si z e d c o m m u niti es, M ass D E P’s g o al is t o i m pl e m e nt a pr o gr a m t h at
all o ws f or e arli er d et e cti o n of e x c e e d a n c es a n d t h e pr o m oti o n of ti m el y tr a ns missi o n a n d
tr a ns p ar e n c y of t h e d at a t h e a g e n c y r e c ei v es. As M ass D E P c o nsi d ers p ossi bl e c h a n g es
aff e cti n g P W Ss, t h e a g e n c y is c o m mitt e d t o c o ns ulti n g wit h its e xt er n al a d vis or y
c o m mitt e e f or t h e S af e Dri n ki n g W at er A ct, w hi c h c o nsists of r e pr es e nt ati v es fr o m
p u bli c h e alt h, E P A, P W Ss a n d c o ns ult a nts, t o dis c uss a d v a nt a g es a n d dis a d v a nt a g es of
v ari o us p ossi bl e a p pr o a c h es.
O v er t h e c o urs e of t h e Pr o gr a m, M ass D E P i d e ntifi e d a h a n df ul of ar e as w h er e n e w or i m pr o v e d

pr o c e d ur es or g ui d a n c e w er e n e e d e d. S o m e of t h e s e e n h a n c e m e nts w er e p ut i n pl a c e d uri n g t h e
c o urs e of t h e Pr o gr a m. T h es e c h a n g es ar e s u m m ari z e d b el o w.
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• C h a n g es t o s c h o ol s a m pli n g g ui d a n c e t o a d d r ess fi xt u r es w h e r e n o g ui d a n c e h a d
b e e n p r e vi o usl y a v ail a bl e. S p e cifi c all y, M ass D E P d e v el o p e d n e w g ui d a n c e f or
s a m pli n g of kit c h e n k ettl es, a n d f or s a m pli n g at si n ks t h at c o nt ai n b ot h a w at er f o u nt ai n
a n d a f a u c et.
• D e v el o p m e nt of g ui d a n c e f o r s c h o ols t h at i m pl e m e nt d ail y fl us hi n g p r o g r a ms as a
s h o rt-t e r m r e m e di al m e as u r e. As fl us hi n g is a c o m m o n s h ort-t er m m e as ur e, t his
g ui d a n c e w as a k e y n e e d f or s c h o ols.
• C r e ati o n of t w o F A Qs d o c u m e nts s p e cifi c all y a b o ut l e a d a n d c o p p e r i n s c h o ol

d ri n ki n g w at e r. I n d e v el o pi n g r e vis e d g ui d a n c e, M ass D E P e n g a g e d t h e U. S. E P A a n d
ot h ers f or r e vi e w. As t h es e m at eri als w er e u p d at e d t h e y w er e p ost e d t o M ass D E P’s
w e bsit e at: htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/t esti n g - assist a n c e-
f or-l e a d-i n-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g- w at er. ht ml.
• D e v el o p m e nt of g ui d a n c e o n us e of P oi nt of Us e ( P O U) Filt r ati o n D e vi c es (s u c h as
w at e r b ottl e filli n g st ati o ns wit h b uilt-i n filt e rs) at s c h o ols. As of t h e writi n g of t his
r e p ort, M ass D E P w as w or ki n g wit h U. S. E P A a n d ot h ers o n fi n ali zi n g a B est
M a n a g e m e nt Pr a cti c e ( B M P) d o c u m e nt f or P O U d e vi c es at s c h o ols. W h e n fi n ali z e d, t his
B M P d o c u m e nt will b e a v ail a bl e o n M ass D E P’s w e bsit e.
I n a d diti o n t o t h e r e c o m m e n d ati o ns o utli n e d a b o v e, it s h o ul d b e n ot e d t h at at t h e ti m e of dr afti n g

t his r e p ort, t h er e w er e at l e ast t w o bills b ei n g c o nsi d er e d in t h e M ass a c h us etts l e gisl at ur e wit h
n e w r e q ui r e m e nts f or dri n ki n g w at er t esti n g a n d/ or r e m e di ati o n at s c h o ols. It is p ossi bl e t h at
ot h er r el at e d bills will b e pr o p os e d a n d d e b at e d i n t h e c o mi n g m o nt hs/ y e ars. M ass D E P will
c o nti n u e t o pr o vi d e t e c h ni c al s u p p ort t o t h e L e gisl at ur e u p o n r e q u est, a n d t h e a g e n c y will f ulfill
a n y n e w st at ut or y o bli g ati o ns u p o n p ass a g e of a n y n e w l e gisl ati o n.
7. 0 R es o u r c es f o r M o r e I nf o r m ati o n
M ass D E P Dri n ki n g W at er Pr o gr a m
6 1 7- 2 9 2- 5 7 7 0
Pr o gr a m. Dir e ct or- D W P @st at e. m a. us
I nf or m ati o n al M e eti n g P o w er P oi nt Pr es e nt ati o n

htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/i nf o-l e a d. p df .
L e a d a n d C o p p er i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er S a m pli n g R es ults S pr e a ds h e et

htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ a g e n ci es/ m ass d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l e a d- a n d- c o p p er- i n-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g-
w at er -s a m pli n g-r es ults. ht ml.
S u m m ar y R es ults of L e a d a n d C o p p er Dri n ki n g W at er T esti n g at M a ss a c h us etts S c h o ols

htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l c c a-s c h o ols-list. p df .
S u m m ar y of A cti o ns T a k e n b y S c h o ols P arti ci p ati n g i n t h e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g

W at er
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L C C A C h ai n of C ust o d y F or m
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e e a/ d o cs/ d e p/ w at er/ dri n ki n g/l c c a- c h ai n. xls .
L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er S a m pli n g Pr ot o c ol G ui d a n c e Vi d e o
htt ps:// y o ut u. b e/ 0sj a h 9 g Qsj 8 .
L e a d a n d C o p p er O nli n e R e p orti n g T o ol
htt ps://s cri pt. g o o gl e. c o m/ a/ m a cr os/ m a d w p d e p. or g/s/ A Kf y c b x P 9 9 K-
C d 5 B 3i o E 7 ns w n 0 p e O E n d c Gr X w V k 6 zJ c S 5i H x z G O 5 5 B 1 k/ e x e c .
D e di c at e d W e b P a g e f or t h e Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m
M D P H – L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n vir o n m e nt al/l e a d/l e a d-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g- w at er -f a q. p df
M D P H – C o p p er i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er F A Q
htt p:// w w w. m ass. g o v/ e o h hs/ d o cs/ d p h/ e n vir o n m e nt al/ e x p os ur e/ c o p p e r-s c h o ol- dri n ki n g-w at er -
f a q. p df.
36
E X HI BI T 5
A m h e r st R e gi o n al P u bli c S c h o ol s Pi n k hi g hli g ht = l e a d t e sti n g e x c e e d e d A cti o n L e v el ( 1 5 p p b)

R e d t e xt = fi xt u r e t u r n e d off
N ot e - 3 0 s e c o n d fl u s h u s e d f o r fl u s h s a m pl e s
S a m pl e I niti al T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e n t R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g
S c h o ol C o d e L o c ati o n Fi xt u r e S a m pl e Ty p e D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n A cti o n T ak e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T a k e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 6 P C af et e ri a B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 2 3 . P P b. T ur n e d off 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 1 4. 7 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 6 F C af et e ri a B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 P Pb T ur n e d off 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 6. 7 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 4 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m 1 0 6 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 4 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 4 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m 106 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 7. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 3 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m 1 0 7 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 3 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m 107 B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 2 P M ai n L o b by B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 2 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 ppb
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 1 P M ai n L o b by F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 1 2 p p b Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7
S o ut h E a st C a m p u s 0 0 1 F M ai n Lobby F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 p p b Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 9/ 1 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 043 P R o o m 1 9 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 ppb_ T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 15 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 043 F R o o m 1 9 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 1. 5 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 042 P Food Pr e p Si n k Kit c h e n Fi r st D r a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 16 P Pb T u r n e d off Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 25 p p b R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 8 p p b
Kit c h e n Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 P Pb T ur n e d off Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1- 5 P P b R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 042 F Food Pr e p Si n k 1 L
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 017 P H e at h Roo m F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 4 6 0 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 100 ppb H a n d- w a s h O nl y
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 017 F H e alt h Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 16 P P b. T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 p p b H a n d- w a s h O nl y
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 0 1 6 P H e at h R o o m, offi c e B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1 4 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 0 1 5 P H e alt h R o o m, offi c e F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 015 F H e at h R o o m, offi c e F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 3. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 2. 8 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 059 P H e alt h Roo m 1 1 0 A F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1. 1 ppb

N ot t e st e d i n i niti al t e sti n g
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 059 F H e alt h Roo m 1 1 0 A F a u c et Fl u s h 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D P P b.
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 060 P H e alt h Roo m H O B F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 18 ppb Fi xt u r e Re moved
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 060 F H e alt h Roo m H O B F a u c et Fl u s h 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 p p b Fi xt u r e R e m o v e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 012 P M e n' s l o c k e r r o o m ( u p p e r l e v el) B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 . 1 2 0. _ _ 2 T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 8 8 p p b R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb

1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 012 F M e n' s l o c k e r r o o m ( u p p e r l e v el) B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 4 8 T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 4 9 p p b R e pl a c e F, S, V, P
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 0 0 5 P T r ai ni n g R o o m, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 4 2 0 P Pb T u r n e d off Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d -
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 0 0 6 P T r ai ni n g R o o m, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 0 ' T u r n e d off Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d.
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Hi g h S c h o ol 0 0 6 F T r ai ni n g R o o m, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 8/ 2 0 1 6 4 2 Ppb T u r n e d off Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d.
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 002 F Food P r e p, l eft Kit c h e n Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 002 P Food P r e p, l eft Kit c h e n Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 ppb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 19 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 005 F H all w a y n e a r El e v at o r, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 2. 1 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 2 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P P b.
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 0 0 5 P H all w a y n e a r El e v at o r, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 8 ppb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 2 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h o( 0 0 7 F J a nit o r Br e a k Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 3. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 5 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 2. 2 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 0 0 7 P J a nit o r B r e a k Roo m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 3 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 17 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 2. 1 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 012 F H all w a y n e ar W o o d Shop B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 9. 4 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 012 P H all w a y n e ar W o o d Shop B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 7. 2 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Schoc 0 1 3 P H all w a y n e ar W o o d Shop B ottl e Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 15 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S, V n ot t e st e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 0 1 9 F L S S E Br e a k Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 16 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 8. 5 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 019 P L S S E Br e a k Roo m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 3 0 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 130 ppb 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 4. 7 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 020 F B o y' s L o c k er R o o m B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 5. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 020 P B o y' s L o c k er R o o m B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 25 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 8. 7 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 2 1 F Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m ( h all w a y ) B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 8. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5. 5 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h o <[ 0 2 1 P Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m ( h all w a y ) B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 12 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 022 F P o ol, n e a r Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 2 1 _ _ _

T u r n e d off R e pl a c e S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 23 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 4. 2 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 022 P P o ol, n e a r Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 p p b T u r n e d off R e pl a c e S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 3 0 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 _4 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 023 F P o ol, n e a r B o y' s L o c k e r R o o m B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 12 ppb 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 2 3 P P o ol, n e a r B o y' s L o c k er R o o m B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 98 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 6. 3 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 025 F I nt e g r at e d A rt s R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 5. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 9 ££b_ 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 2 5 P I nt e g r at e d A rt s R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 7 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 62 ppb 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 2. 7 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 026 F H e alt h R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 5. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 6 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 3. 6 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 2 6 P H e alt h R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 6 0 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 31 ppb 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 7. 7 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 027 F H e alt h R o o m, f o ot o p e r at e d F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 6. 8 _ppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 4. 8 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 7. 5 p p b Hand wash o nl y
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 2 7 P H e alt h R o o m, f o ot o p e r at e d F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 52 _ppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 58 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 4 4. 6 p p b Hand w as h o nl y
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 029 P F a mil y C e nt e r B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 2 0 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 2 0 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 4. 3 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 030 F F a mil y C e nt e r F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 3 8 . T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 4 8 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 10 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 030 P F a mil y C e nt e r F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 9 3 T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 35 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 8. 6 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 031 F R o o m C- 2 8 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 4 8 : • T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 35 ppb 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 1 6, 6 p p b Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 3 1 P R o o m C- 2 8 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 7/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 0 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5 0 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 1 2. 8 ppb Fi xt u r e r e m ov e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 028 F Offi c e M ail Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 2. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 2. 5 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 028 P Offi c e M ail R o o m F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 8. 4 ppb

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 032 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m C- 4, l eft B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 21 _ppb_ T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 16 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1. 1 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 032 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m C- 4, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 7 2 0 1 6 1 0 0 . P P b. T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 79 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 034 F R o o m C- 1 L F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5 ppb 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 034 P Roo m C- 1 L F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 3 0 P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 62 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 7 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 035 F Roo m C- 7 A F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 13 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 11 ppb 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 14 p p b Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 3 5 P R o o m C- 7 A F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 42 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 1 9. 7 p p b Fi xt u r e r e m ov e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 039 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m C- 1 9, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 6. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 6 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 039 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m C- 1 9, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 22 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 4 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 0 4 1 F St aff Roo m n e ar R o o m C- 2 1 A F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 3 p p b

A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 0 4 1 P St aff Roo m n e ar R o o m C- 2 1 A F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 4 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 11 ppb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 0 4 2 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m C - 2 5, l eft B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 3 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V fi xt u r e s 0 4 2 a n d 0 4 3 c o n n e ct e d. 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 14 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 123 ppb Fi xt u r e r e m o v e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 042 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m C - 2 5, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 3 5 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 29 p p b 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 3 3. 6 p p b 8/ 1 8/ 2 0 1 7 267 ppb Fi xt u r e r e m ov e d
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 043 F H all w a y n e ar R o o m C - 2 5, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P Pb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 13 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 0 4 3 P H all w a y n e ar R o o m C - 2 5, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 7/ 2 0 1 6 9. 4 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S, V 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 13 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h o( 44 F O u d o o r, n e a r l eft e nt r a n c e B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 4 4 P O ut d o o r, n e a r l eft e nt r a n c e B u b bl e r Fl u s h N ot t e st e d i n i niti al t e sti n g 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e S c h ot 045 P Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m (i n si d e ) B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 6. 3 p p b
A m h e r st R e gi o n al Mi d dl e Scho < 0 4 5 F Gi rl' s L o c k er R o o m (i n si d e ) B u b bl e r Fl u s h N ot t e st e d i n i niti al t e sti n g 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 4 p p b
N ot e s f o r R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt A cti o n s:
F - fi xt u r e
S - s u p pl y li n e, fl e xi bl e c o n n e ct o r f r o m ri gi d pi pi n g t o fi xt u r e
V - s h ut off v al v e
P - ri gi d pi pi n g f r o m s u p pl y li n e t o bl o c k w all/fl o o r
C- c hill e r
A m h e r st P u bli c S c h o ol s Pi n k hi g hli g ht = l e a d t e sti n g e x c e e d e d A cti o n L e v el ( 1 5 p p b )

Red t e xt = fi xt u r e t u r n e d o f f
S a m pl e I ni ti al T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e - R e s a m pl e T e sti n g

S c h o ol C o d e L o c ati o n Fi xt u r e S a m pl e T y p e D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n A cti o n T a k e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T a k e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T a k e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 7 4 P R o o m 2 0 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 p p b T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 3. 2 p p b Fi xt u r e b el o w A L; n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 7 3 P R o o m 2 0 2 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 P£b T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 6 p p b Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F a r m El e m e nt a r y 0 7 3 F R o o m 2 0 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 1. 3 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 1 ppb Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 9 P R o o m 2 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 0 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 p p b R e pl a c e P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 . P P b. R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 2 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 ppb
Cr o c k er F a r m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 P R o o m 2 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 3 8 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 37 p p b R e pl a c e P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 6. 5 P Pb R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 2 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 F Roo m 2 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 7. 1 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 5. 5| p p b R e pl a c e P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P P b. Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 2 4/ 2 0 1 7 1 7 P Pb R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 2 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1, 0 P Pb
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 5 P R o o m 2 6 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 3. 8 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d. Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 4 P R o o m 2 6 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 . P P b. T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 4_ p p b Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F a r m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 4 F R o o m 2 6 F a u c et Fl u s h 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 8 ppb Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 1 7 P R o o m 3 0 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 13 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 _4 p p b R e pl a c e P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Cr o c k er F a r m El e m e nt a r y 0 1 6 P R o o m 3 0 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 32 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 62 p p b R e pl a c e P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 2 P Pb
Cr o c k er F ar m El e m e nt a r y 0 1 6 F R o o m 3 0 F a u c et Fl u s h 8/ 3/ 2 0 1 6 2. 2 p p b T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 2 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 p p b R e pl a c e P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1. 9 P Pb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 1 5 P A rt r o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 83 ppb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 11 ppb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 1 5 F A rt r o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 9. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 0 2 P C af et e ri a 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 0 2 F C af et e ri a 3 B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 6. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 3 P C o ol e r by Roo m E, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 7 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 7 0 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5 0 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 3 F C o ol e r by Roo m E, l eft B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 1 P Pb T ur n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 11 ppb R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 10 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 4 P C o ol e r by Roo m E, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 6 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 46 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3 8 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 4 F C o ol e r by R o o m E, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 J5 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 1 P C o ol e r by R o o m F, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 38 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3 6 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 42 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 4 1 F C o ol e r by Roo m F, l eft B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 10 ppb R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 10 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 4 2 P C o ol e r by Roo m F, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 12 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 2 F C o ol e r by Roo m F, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 7. 3 p p b R e pl a c e P, V & Bypass C Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 8 P E SL R o o m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 15 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 7 8 F E SL R o o m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 7. 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 5 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 2 P H e alt h R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 3 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 6 5 0 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p m
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 1 2 F H e alt h R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 5 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P P m
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 7 P Li b r a r y W o r k Roo m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 11 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 7 F Li b r a r y W o r k Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 1 P R o o m A B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 0 P R o o m A F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 17 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 2 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 0 F R o o m A F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 2 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 7 P R o o m B B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 4 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 6 P R o o m B F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 12 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 6 F R o o m B F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4. 6 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 6 P R o o m C -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 7 1p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 5 P R o o m C -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 15 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 5 F R o o m C -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 1 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 8 P R o o m C- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 17 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 7 P R o o m C- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2 P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 7 F R o o m C- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 2 P R o o m C- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 2 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 1 P R o o m C- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 1 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 1 F R o o m C- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 3 , P £ b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 4 P R o o m C- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 2 ppb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 3 P R o o m C- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 38 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 7 ppb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 3 F R o o m C- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 9 P Roo m C R- 1, l eft F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 53 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 2_ p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 9 F Roo m C R- 1, l eft F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 1 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 8 P Roo m C R- 1, ri g ht F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 26 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 1. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 0 8 F Roo m C R- 1, ri g ht F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 9 p p b R e pl a c e w all pi pi n g 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 0 P R o o m D -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 5 9 P R o o m D -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 2 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 9 F R o o m D -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 8 P R o o m D- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 7. 2 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 7 P R o o m D- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 7 F R o o m D- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 4 P R o o m D- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 3 P Roo m D- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 9 ppb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 5 3 F R o o m D- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 5 6 P R o o m D- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 5 P R o o m D- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 5 F R o o m D- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 6 P R o o m E -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 21 ppb 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 3. 1 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 5 P R o o m E -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 6. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 5 F R o o m E -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 2 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 2. 2 p p m
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 0 P Roo m E- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 ppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 1 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 4 9 P R o o m E- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 9 F R o o m E- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 9 p p b _ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 2 P R o o m E- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 9. 2 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 5 1 P R o o m E- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 3 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 9 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 051 F R o o m E- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 8 P Roo m E- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 14 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 7 P R o o m E- 4 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 5 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g Pr ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 7 F R o o m E- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 9. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 1 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 8 P R o o m F -l B u b bl e r 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6
Fi r st D r a w 3 6 J P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 26 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 9. 4| p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 7 P R o o m F -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 12 p p b R e pl a c e V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 7 F R o o m F -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 4. 7 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1. 5 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 6 P R o o m F- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 4 0 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 6. 9 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 3 5 P R o o m F- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 16 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 2. 2 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 035 F Roo m F- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4. 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2. 7 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 4 P Roo m F- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 32_ P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2 1 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5. 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 3 P R o o m F- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 4 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 3 F R o o m F- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2. 6 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 4 0 P R o o m F- 4 B u b bl e r 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6
Fi r st Dr a w 3 1 P P Jl Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5. 7| p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 9 P R o o m F- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 1 p p b Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 8. 8 p p b R e pl a c e V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 9 F R o o m F- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol
1 L R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3. 8 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 2. 5 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 6 P R o o m G -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 71 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 19 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7[ 4.l| p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 2 5 P R o o m G -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 8. 8 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 025 F Roo m G -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3- 3 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1. 4 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 P R o o m G- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 28 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 6 4 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 10 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 7 P R o o m G- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 5 6 P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 5 ppb Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 7 F R o o m G- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3. 5 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 4. 3 p p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 0 P R o o m G- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 73 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 8. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 9 P R o o m G- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 9 F R o o m G- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 p p b Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol
1 1. R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3 ppb R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1. 1 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 2 P R o o m G- 4 B u b bl e r 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6
Fi r st Dr a w 4 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 3 6 p p b R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 jp p b Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 1 P R o o m G- 4 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 5, 5 p p b R e pl a c e V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d. Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol Fi xt u r e b el o w A L; n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 3 1 F R o o m G- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 9/ 3 0/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 ppb R e pl a c e V, P 1 1/ 1 5/ 2 0 1 6 N D P Pb Fl u s hi n g p r ot o c ol 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 N D Ip p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 8 P R o o m H -l B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 7. 9 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 7 P R o o m H -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 0 jppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3 ppb
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 1 7 F R o o m H -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3. 8 ppb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 0 P R o o m H- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4 3 _ P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 9 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 1- 4 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 9 P R o o m H- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 2 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 9 F R o o m H- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 2 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 2 P R o o m H- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 1 P R o o m H- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 1 F R o o m H- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 P Pb .Fl .u .j
s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, 5, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 024 P Roo m H- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 32 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 5 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 3 P R o o m H- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 6. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 2 3 F R o o m H- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R p pl a r e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 N D P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 2 P R o o m K- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 6 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 22 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 ppb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 1 P R o o m K- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 1 F R o o m K- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 4. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 8 ppb 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 4 P R o o m K- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 0 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 3 P R o o m K- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 7 3 F R o o m K- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 6. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 0 P Roo m T -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 3 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 4 p p b
F o rt Ri v er El e m e nt a r y 0 6 9 P R o o m T -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 9. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 6 9 F R o o m T -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 079 P M ai n H all w a y, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 3, 9 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 7 9 F M ai n H all w a y, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 6 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 8 0 P M ai n H all w a y, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 3, 8 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 8 0 F M ai n H all w a y, l eft B u b bl e r Fl u s h 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 4 P V a ult/ b r e a k roo m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 2 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 18 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
F o rt Ri v e r El e m e nt a r y 0 1 4 F V a ult/ b r e a k F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 2/ 2 0 1 6 6. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F; S 1/ 1 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 6 p p b 6/ 1/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 1 F Food Pr e p si n k, l eft Kit c h e n F a u Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 6 . P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 1 P Food Pr e p si n k, l eft Kit c h e n Fau Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 2. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 2 F Food Pr e p si n k, ri g ht Kit c h e n F a u Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 6 ppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 2 P Food Pr e p si n k, ri g ht Kit c h e n F a u Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g Pr ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 1 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 3 P Kit c h e n K ettl e Kit c h e n F a u Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 3. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 6 F R o o m K- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 0. 8 9 . P PL Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 6 P R o o m K- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 7 P Roo m K- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 8 F R o o m K- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 8 P R o o m K- 2 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 17 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 0 9 P R o o m K- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 32 J P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1 P £ b.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 0 F R o o m K -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 010 P Roo m K -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 N D p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 1 P R o o m K -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 2/ 3/ 2 0 1 7 1. 8 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 2 F R o o m C -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 < 1, 0 £ £ b.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 2 P R o o m C -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L; n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 3 P R o o m C -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 17 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 9, 2 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 4 F R o o m C- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 0. 9 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1| P P b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 4 P R o o m C- 2 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 6. 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 5 P R o o m C- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 2 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 6 F R o o m C- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7[ p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 6 P R o o m C- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 7 P R o o m C- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 6. 2 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 8 F R o o m C- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 5 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 8 P R o o m C- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 9. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 1 9 P R o o m C- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 5 .££b_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 6. 7 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 0 F R o o m D -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 9 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 0 P R o o m D -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 5. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 1 P R o o m D -l B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 0. 9 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 2 F R o o m D- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 4| p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 2 P R o o m D- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 8. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 3 P R o o m D- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2 1. 3 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 0 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 F Roo m E -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 P R o o m E -l F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 8 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 2 9 P R o o m E -l B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2 6. 2 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 2 F R o o m E- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 9 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 2 P R o o m E- 4 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 65 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 3 P R o o m E- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r; 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 2 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 4 F R o o m E- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 6. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 4 P R o o m E- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 15 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 5 P R o o m E- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 23 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2. 7 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 6 P C o ol e r n e a r g y m, l eft B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 7 F C o ol e r n e a r g y m, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 7 P C o ol e r n e a r g y m, ri g ht B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 8 F R o o m F- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 1. 5 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 8 P R o o m F- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 6. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 3 9 P R o o m F- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 5 0 ppb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 7. 9 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 0 F R o o m F- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 7. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 4. 9 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 6. 2 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 0 P R o o m F- 4 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 8 J P P b. Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 4 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 1 P R o o m F- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 53 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 193 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 4. 5 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 2 F R o o m F- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 2 P R o o m F- 2 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 7. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 3 P R o o m F- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 8 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 6 F R o o m G- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 3. 4 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 6 P R o o m G- 3 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 4 7 P R o o m G- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1. 7 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 0 F R o o m G- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, 5, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 < L P P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 0 P Roo m G- 2 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 1 P R o o m G- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 8. 5 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 2 F R o o m G -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 5 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1< 1. 0 P P b.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 2 P R o o m G -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 12 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 3 P R o o m G -l B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 . P P b.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 4 F R o o m H- 3 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 7. 8 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 4 P R o o m H- 3 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7| < L 0 . P P b.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 5 P R o o m H- 3 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 11 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 6 F R o o m H- 4 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 1 4. 3 1p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 6 P R o o m H- 4 F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 8 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P Fi xt u r e b el o w A L, n ot r et e st e d.
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 7 P R o o m H- 4 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 2 1. 8 p p b 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 9 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 8 F R o o m H- 2 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 8 P R o o m H- 2 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 13 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 5 9 P Roo m H- 2 B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 0 F R o o m H -l F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e P, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 0 P R o o m H -l F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1 0 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 1 P R o o m H -l B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 25 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 3 F A rt R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 3 P A rt R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 0 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 4 F R o o m A F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 4 P R o o m A F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 3. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 5 P R o o m A B u b bl e r Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 5 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 4, 4 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 8 F E L L R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2. 3 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 5. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e n t a r y 0 6 8 P E L L R o o m, ri g ht F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 7. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 9 F E L L R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 7. 2 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 6 9 P E L L R o o m, l eft F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 6 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V, P 3/ 2/ 2 0 1 7 6. 2 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 2 F H e alt h Roo m c o u nt e r si n k F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 1. 9 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 2 P H e alt h Roo m c o u nt e r si n k F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 6 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 3. 3 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 4 F V a ult Roo m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 6. 1 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 [ < 1. 0 P Pb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 4 P V a ult Roo m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 2 7 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 3. 9 p p b

Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 5 F T e a c h er s Lounge F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 15 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 6 ppb
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 5 P T e a c h er s L o u n g e F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 9 _ P Pb_ Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 6. 1 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 7 F Gr e e n R o o m F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 4, 6 p p b Fi xt u r e Re moved
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 7 P Gr e e n R o o m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 9/ 1/ 2 0 1 6 6 4 P Pb Fl u s hi n g P r ot o c ol R e pl a c e F, S, V 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 3 2. 1 p p b Fi xt u r e Re moved
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 8 F M ai nt e n a n c e R o o m F a u c et Fl u s h 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1. 5 p p b
Wil d w o o d El e m e nt a r y 0 7 8 P M ai nt e n a n c e R o o m F a u c et Fi r st Dr a w 5/ 4/ 2 0 1 7 1 1. 3 p p b
F - fi xt u r e
V - s h u t o f f v al v e
P - ri gi d pi pi n g f r o m s u p pl y li n e t o bl o c k w all/fl o o r
C- c hill e r
P el h a m P u bli c S c h o ol s Pi n k hi g hli g ht = l e a d t e sti n g e x c e e d e d A cti o n L e v el ( 1 5 p p b )

R e d t e xt = fi xt u r e t u r n e d off
S a m pl e I niti al T e sti n g R e p ai r/ R e pl a c e m e nt R e s a m pl e T e sti n g

S c h o ol Code L o c ati o n Fi xt u r e S a m pl e T y p e D at e L e a d R e s ult s A cti o n T ak e n A cti o n T ak e n D at e L e a d R e s ult s
P el h a m El e m e nt a r y 0 0 3 P R o o m 27 F a u c et Fi r st D r a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 25 ppb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 1. 2 p p b
P el h a m El e m e nt a r y 0 0 4 P R o o m 2 7 B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 16 p p b T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D p p b
P el h a m El e m e nt a r y 0 0 3 F R o o m 2 7 F a u c et Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 6 ppb T u r n e d off R e pl a c e F, S 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D p p b
P el h a m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 P O ut d o o r B u b bl e r B u b bl e r Fi r st D r a w 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 85 ppb T u r n e d off I n st all c e rtifi e d b u b bl e r 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D p p b
P el h a m El e m e nt a r y 0 2 8 F O ut d o o r B u b bl e r B u b bl e r Fl u s h 9/ 9/ 2 0 1 6 1. 7 ppb T u r n e d off I n st all c e rtifi e d b u b bl e r 1 0/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 6 N D p p b
F - fi xt u r e
V - s h ut off v al v e
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t h e a cti o ns t a k e n b y t h e Distri ct. O n N o v e m b er 2 3, 2 0 1 6, E P A s e nt y o u a l e tt er ( att a c h e d) w hi c h d es cri b e d
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r e c o m m e n d ati o ns d e v el o p e d f or t h eir Assist a n c e Pr o gr a m f or L e a d i n S c h o ol Dri n ki n g W at er. E P A als o
pr o vi d e d s o m e r e c o m m e n d ati o ns t h at t h e Distri ct c o ul d v ol u nt aril y c o nsi d er.
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t a k e n pl a c e, i n cl u di n g r e pl a ci n g fi xtur es, s u p pl y li n es, v al v es, a n d pi pi n g. F oll o w u p t esti n g h as b e e n
c o n d u ct e d, a n d m y st aff a n d I h a v e cl os el y r e vi e w e d n u m er o us c h arts pr o vi d e d b y M A D E P, b as e d o n d at a
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t h e Distri ct. T h es e a cti o ns h a v e si g nifi c a ntl y r e d u c e d l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er, wit h all fi xt ur es us e d f or dri n ki n g,
f o o d pr e p ar ati o n, or m e di c al us es n o w b el o w 1 5 u g/L, a n d m ost w ell b el o w t h at. E P A c o m m e n ds t h e
c o or di n at e d eff orts t h e M A D E P a n d t h e Distri ct h a v e t a k e n t o a d dr ess l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er i n A m h erst a n d
a cr oss t h e st at e.
E P A c o nti n u es t o p urs u e r e d u cti o ns i n l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er. E P A h as r e c e ntl y u p d at e d its “ 3 Ts ” g ui d a n c e,

w hi c h r e c o m m e n ds a cti o ns s c h o ol distri ct s c a n t a k e t o t est t h eir w at er a n d r e d u c e l e a d. W e h a v e pr o vi d e d t his
g ui d a n c e t o all st at e dri n ki n g w at er pr o gr a ms, a n d it is a v ail a bl e t o t h e p u bli c at htt ps:// e p a. g o v/s af e w at er/ 3 Ts .
It is i m p ort a nt t o n ot e, h o w e v er, t h at t h er e is n o f ed er al l a w r e q uiri n g t esti n g of dri n ki n g w at er i n s c h o ols,
e x c e pt f or s c h o ols t h at h a v e t h eir o w n w at er s u p pl y a n d ar e t h us r e g ul at e d u n d er t h e S af e Dri n ki n g W at er A ct.
W hil e E P A pr o vi d es g ui d a n c e, it is u p t o t h e s c h o ol di stri cts t o v ol u nt aril y t est a n d t a k e a p pr o pri at e a cti o n.
R e g ar di n g l e a d t esti n g a n d a b at e m e nt i n p u bli c w at e r s u p pl y s yst e ms, E P A’s Offi c e of Gr o u n d W at er a n d

Dri n ki n g W at er is l o o ki n g at p ossi bl e r e visi o ns t o t h e L e a d a n d C o p p er R ul e. As p art of t h at r e visi o n, it is
e x p e ct e d t h at E P A will ass ess w h et h er or n ot t o l o w e r t h e n ati o n al a cti o n l e v el. O n c e r el e as e d, t his dr aft
r e g ul ati o n will b e a v ail a bl e f or p u bli c r e vi e w a n d c o m m e nt.
1
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s c h o ols, a n d c o m m u niti es. E P A c o nti n u es t o e n c o ur a g e y o u t o h a v e a c o nstr u cti v e di al o g u e wit h t h e Distri ct
a n d l o c al offi ci als w hi c h m a y l e a d t o a d diti o n al v ol u nt ar y r e m e di al a cti o ns s u c h as filtr ati o n u nits i n t h e
s c h o ols. T o t h at e n d, E P A will pr o vi d e i nf or m ati o n t o all p art n ers if n e w f u n di n g b e c o m es a v ail a bl e.
A g ai n, w e a p pr e ci at e y o ur c o nti n u e d a d v o c a c y t o r e d u c e l e a d i n dri n ki n g w at er a n d pr ot e ct p u bli c h e alt h.
Si n c er el y,
K e n M or aff
c c: Dr. Mi c h a el M orris, S c h o ol S u p eri nt e n d e nt
Y v ett e Di Pi e z a, M A D E P Dr i n ki n g W at er A d mi nistr at or

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Case 3:17-cv-30146-MGM Document 31 Filed 01/16/19 Page 1 of 21

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

MICHAEL HOOTSTEIN, pro se

DEFENDANT’S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR

The Defendant, the Amherst-Pelham Regional School Committee (“Committee”),

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection’s (“MassDEP”) Deputy Director. See

standards for lead and copper.

FACTUAL AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND 1

State Primacy Under the SDWA

Lead Copper Rule

Massachusetts Drinking Water Regulations

enforcement of safe drinking water standards in the Commonwealth, including primacy to

end-user, building or individual fixture level.

violation of the LCR and enforcement actions are initiated. Id.

Lead Contamination Control Act

LCR, and their participation in lead monitoring programs is voluntary. Nevertheless,

participation among Massachusetts schools has been robust.

The Committee Participated in MassDEP’s $2.75 Million

The Committee chose to participate in the voluntary program. Affidavit of Michael

In accordance with MA DEP’s recommended follow up steps for schools with

District have taken to address lead in drinking water in Amherst.” Id.

Table 1: Excepts of Lead Testing Data from Exhibit 5

School Location Hootstein Hootstein Action Taken by Re-Sample Re-Sample

I. Preliminary Injunction Standard

“A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary and drastic remedy that is never awarded as

Mr. Hootstein can satisfy none of these elements.

II. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate a Likelihood of Success on the Merits

A. Mr. Hootstein Lacks Standing to Maintain This Action

(citing DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. 332, 344 (2006).

“custodial grandparent” of an Amherst-Pelham Regional High School student. However, he

Mr. Hootstein’s alleged status as a “custodial grandparent” of one of the Committee’s

or incompetent person. Mr. Hootstein’s Complaint contains no allegations establishing such

to maintain this action, and therefore cannot succeed on the merits.

B. The SDWA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Enforcement Scheme Precludes

vehicle to redress deprivation of rights already secured.” Andrew S. ex rel. Margaret S. v.

Warrish, 927 F.2d 3, 6 (1st Cir. 1991); Greenfield, 59 F.Supp. at 241.

government and private citizens.” Id.

4134513, at *3; 42 U.S.C. §§ 300g-3(b), (g)(1), 300j-8. The SDWA’s establishment of an

246 (2009) fundamentally altered the preemption analysis.

comprehensiveness of a statute’s remedial scheme is the primary factor in determining

not a PWS subject to the SDWA) fails.

carefully-crafted regulatory and enforcement scheme. The comprehensiveness of the SDWA

C. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate A Reasonable Likelihood of Success on

discrimination in federal employment even if that discrimination was unconstitutional). Here,

Fourteenth Amendment claims, he cannot succeed on the merits.

specifically endangered, compared to the public generally.

not likely to succeed on the merits.

III. Mr. Hootstein Cannot Demonstrate Irreparable Harm

“[I]rreparable harm is a necessary threshold showing for awarding preliminary injunctive

14, 2016) (Mastroianni, J.).

MassDEP’s voluntary Lead in School Drinking Water Assistance Program. As MassDEP

Finally, an award of a preliminary injunction to Mr. Hootstein is against the public

Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction.

/s/ David K. McCay

Dated: January 16, 2019

/s/ David K. McCay

E P A R e gi o n 1 ' s D ri n ki n g W at e r Q u alit y a n d P r ot e cti o n U nit h a s b e e n a s si g n e d t o r e s p o n d t o

E P A R e gi o n 1 h a s c o nfi r m e d t h at t h e Di st ri ct i s c o m m u ni c ati n g wit h M A D E P a n d i s t a ki n g

T o a n s w er y o u r q u e sti o n s a b o ut w h et h er t h e s e r e s p o n s e a cti o n ar e c o n si st e nt wit h E P A g ui d a n c e,

I n or d er t o eff e cti v el y a d dr e s s t h e m a n y c o m pli c ati o n s of a d dr e s si n g l e a d i n s c h o ol d ri n ki n g

T h a n k y o u a g ai n f o r y o u r st r o n g a d v o c a c y. Pl e a s e c all m e i f a n y f oll o w u p q u e sti o n s.

Wit h t h e s ol e o bj e cti v e of p r e v e nti n g t h e c o nti n u e d l e a d- p oi s o ni n g of m y o w n

P r of e s s o r E d w a r d' s c o st- eff e cti v e s c h o ol l e a d r e m e di ati o n pl a n c all s f o r 4-5

A b b r e vi at e d F a ct s & All e g ati o n s

1) O n O ct o b e r 1 2, 2 0 1 7, I ( a n u n r e p r e s e nt e d p r o s e liti g a nt) fil e d a ci vil ri g ht s

3) M s. D o w ni n g' s l a c k of s ci e ntifi c E P A i nt e g rit y i n p r o m oti o n of E P A' s fl a w e d