Excel_StudyCard_2008.

qxd 9/17/08 2:27 PM Page 1

Excel® 2007 with DDXL J E N N I F E R L E W I S P R I E S T L E Y, P H . D.

Introduction to Excel 2007 with DDXL
The layout for Excel 2007 is very different from the layout for earlier versions of
Excel. However, with a little practice, students should find that the new layout is
very logical and easy to use. Once the DDXL add-in is installed, the Excel 2007
interface appears as shown to the right:
The tabs across the top can be thought of as “tool boxes,” where the options with-
in each tab represent the individual tools. The DDXL functionality can be found
under the Add-Ins tab, as circled above:
Descriptive Statistics
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow- 3.
ing procedure to find the complete description of a quantitative
variable, including the mean, median, and standard deviation:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Summaries. You should see the 4.
following screen:
Under Function type, select Summary of One Variable.
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with
an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list,
select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the
Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
Typical results are shown below:
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-59280-4
ISBN-10: 0-321-59280-8
9 0 0 0 0
Scatterplot, Regression, and Residual Plots Correlation
Typically, scatterplots are generated as a first step to a regression FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
exercise. Assuming this is the goal, use the following procedure to Use the following procedure to generate the correlation coefficient for two quantitative variables:
generate a scatterplot, a simple linear regression model, and the 1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
associated residual plot (the process to generate a simple stand-
alone scatterplot is shown below): 2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the 3. Under Function type, select Correlation. This will generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
first row. Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the x-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Then select a
second quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the y-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
3. Under Function type, select Simple Regression. This will Finding the Area under the Normal Curve and Inverse Normality
generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to find the normal cumulative distribution and its inverse:
click the arrow next to the Response Variable box. Then 1. Select a quantitative variable to analyze. At the bottom of in front of the number of the cell reference. In the Cumulative
select a second quantitative variable and click the arrow next that variable column, generate the mean and the standard box, type True. Click OK.
to the Explanatory Variable box. Select OK. deviation. To generate the mean, enter the formula 5. The resulting value will be the cumulative probability (from
4. Typical results are shown to the right. =AVERAGE(A2:A41), where A2 through A41 is the range negative infinity) associated with the value in that row of the
5. To generate the residual plot, click on the Check the of the data. To generate the standard deviation for the sample, variable of interest, assuming a normal distribution. Copy
Residuals button. enter the formula =STDEV(A2:A41). this formula to the bottom of the column.
2. Once you have the mean and the standard deviation for the 6. To determine the inverse — the value of interest based upon a
variable at the bottom of the variable column, insert a new normal probability of occurrence — create a new column to
blank column next to the variable of interest. To do this, click the right of the data of interest. Click on the fx button. In the
on the top of the column where you want a new column Search for a Function box, type Normal Distribution. From
Histogram and Boxplot inserted. Select Home>Insert. the Select a Function list, click on NORMINV. You will see
3. To find the associated area under the normal curve of values the following screen:
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate for a variable, go to the first empty cell in the new column.
the histogram and boxplot for a quantitative variable:
Click on the fx button. In the Search for a Function box,
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. type Normal Distribution. From the Select a Function list,
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots. click on NORMDIST. You will see the following screen:
3. To generate a histogram, under Function type, select Histogram. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an
arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative
Variable box. Select OK.
4. To generate a boxplot, under Function type, select Boxplot. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable
box. Select OK.
5. To generate side-by-side boxplots to compare the spread of a quantitative variable across specific groups, select Boxplot by Groups
under Function type. Select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the Group Variable box. 7. In the Probability box, enter the cumulative probability that
you are interested in from the normal curve. In the Mean box,
click on the cell where you calculated the average for the vari-
Displaying Categorical Data (Frequency Tables) able of interest. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a frequency table: 4. In the X box, click on the first value in your variable list — front of the number, referencing the cell where the average was
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. from the ranges identified in the calculations above, it would be calculated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where
A2. In the Mean box, click on the cell where you calculated the you calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Tables. Under Function type, select Frequency Table. This will generate a box entitled Categorical Variable
average. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in front of and in front of the number of the cell reference. Click OK.
with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK.
the number, referencing the cell where the average was calcu- 8. The resulting value will be the cumulative observation asso-
lated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where you ciated with the cumulative probability indicated, assuming a
Confidence Intervals for Means calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter and normal distribution.
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to generate the 90%, 95%, or 99% confidence interval for a Assessing Normality
quantitative variable:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
Use the following procedure to assess the normality (or not) of a quantitative variable of interest:
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Interval (Note: While the 1
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots.
Var z Interval is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is rare.) 3. Under Function type, select Normal Probability Plot. This will generate two boxes with an arrow next to them. Under the Names
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantita- and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the first box. Select OK.
tive variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select OK. You should see the screen above: 4. Note that a normally distributed variable will follow a 45-degree line in the scatterplot graphic (this graphic plots the actual values
4. Click on the confidence level that you need, and then click on the Compute Interval button. of the variable on the y-axis versus the z-scores on the x-axis).

1 9 780321 592804 2 3
Excel_StudyCard_2008.qxd 9/17/08 2:27 PM Page 1

Excel® 2007 with DDXL J E N N I F E R L E W I S P R I E S T L E Y, P H . D.

Introduction to Excel 2007 with DDXL
The layout for Excel 2007 is very different from the layout for earlier versions of
Excel. However, with a little practice, students should find that the new layout is
very logical and easy to use. Once the DDXL add-in is installed, the Excel 2007
interface appears as shown to the right:
The tabs across the top can be thought of as “tool boxes,” where the options with-
in each tab represent the individual tools. The DDXL functionality can be found
under the Add-Ins tab, as circled above:
Descriptive Statistics
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow- 3.
ing procedure to find the complete description of a quantitative
variable, including the mean, median, and standard deviation:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Summaries. You should see the 4.
following screen:
Under Function type, select Summary of One Variable.
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with
an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list,
select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the
Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
Typical results are shown below:
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-59280-4
ISBN-10: 0-321-59280-8
9 0 0 0 0
Scatterplot, Regression, and Residual Plots Correlation
Typically, scatterplots are generated as a first step to a regression FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
exercise. Assuming this is the goal, use the following procedure to Use the following procedure to generate the correlation coefficient for two quantitative variables:
generate a scatterplot, a simple linear regression model, and the 1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
associated residual plot (the process to generate a simple stand-
alone scatterplot is shown below): 2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the 3. Under Function type, select Correlation. This will generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
first row. Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the x-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Then select a
second quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the y-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
3. Under Function type, select Simple Regression. This will Finding the Area under the Normal Curve and Inverse Normality
generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to find the normal cumulative distribution and its inverse:
click the arrow next to the Response Variable box. Then 1. Select a quantitative variable to analyze. At the bottom of in front of the number of the cell reference. In the Cumulative
select a second quantitative variable and click the arrow next that variable column, generate the mean and the standard box, type True. Click OK.
to the Explanatory Variable box. Select OK. deviation. To generate the mean, enter the formula 5. The resulting value will be the cumulative probability (from
4. Typical results are shown to the right. =AVERAGE(A2:A41), where A2 through A41 is the range negative infinity) associated with the value in that row of the
5. To generate the residual plot, click on the Check the of the data. To generate the standard deviation for the sample, variable of interest, assuming a normal distribution. Copy
Residuals button. enter the formula =STDEV(A2:A41). this formula to the bottom of the column.
2. Once you have the mean and the standard deviation for the 6. To determine the inverse — the value of interest based upon a
variable at the bottom of the variable column, insert a new normal probability of occurrence — create a new column to
blank column next to the variable of interest. To do this, click the right of the data of interest. Click on the fx button. In the
on the top of the column where you want a new column Search for a Function box, type Normal Distribution. From
Histogram and Boxplot inserted. Select Home>Insert. the Select a Function list, click on NORMINV. You will see
3. To find the associated area under the normal curve of values the following screen:
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate for a variable, go to the first empty cell in the new column.
the histogram and boxplot for a quantitative variable:
Click on the fx button. In the Search for a Function box,
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. type Normal Distribution. From the Select a Function list,
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots. click on NORMDIST. You will see the following screen:
3. To generate a histogram, under Function type, select Histogram. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an
arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative
Variable box. Select OK.
4. To generate a boxplot, under Function type, select Boxplot. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable
box. Select OK.
5. To generate side-by-side boxplots to compare the spread of a quantitative variable across specific groups, select Boxplot by Groups
under Function type. Select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the Group Variable box. 7. In the Probability box, enter the cumulative probability that
you are interested in from the normal curve. In the Mean box,
click on the cell where you calculated the average for the vari-
Displaying Categorical Data (Frequency Tables) able of interest. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a frequency table: 4. In the X box, click on the first value in your variable list — front of the number, referencing the cell where the average was
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. from the ranges identified in the calculations above, it would be calculated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where
A2. In the Mean box, click on the cell where you calculated the you calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Tables. Under Function type, select Frequency Table. This will generate a box entitled Categorical Variable
average. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in front of and in front of the number of the cell reference. Click OK.
with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK.
the number, referencing the cell where the average was calcu- 8. The resulting value will be the cumulative observation asso-
lated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where you ciated with the cumulative probability indicated, assuming a
Confidence Intervals for Means calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter and normal distribution.
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to generate the 90%, 95%, or 99% confidence interval for a Assessing Normality
quantitative variable:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
Use the following procedure to assess the normality (or not) of a quantitative variable of interest:
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Interval (Note: While the 1
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots.
Var z Interval is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is rare.) 3. Under Function type, select Normal Probability Plot. This will generate two boxes with an arrow next to them. Under the Names
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantita- and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the first box. Select OK.
tive variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select OK. You should see the screen above: 4. Note that a normally distributed variable will follow a 45-degree line in the scatterplot graphic (this graphic plots the actual values
4. Click on the confidence level that you need, and then click on the Compute Interval button. of the variable on the y-axis versus the z-scores on the x-axis).

1 9 780321 592804 2 3
Excel_StudyCard_2008.qxd 9/17/08 2:27 PM Page 1

Excel® 2007 with DDXL J E N N I F E R L E W I S P R I E S T L E Y, P H . D.

Introduction to Excel 2007 with DDXL
The layout for Excel 2007 is very different from the layout for earlier versions of
Excel. However, with a little practice, students should find that the new layout is
very logical and easy to use. Once the DDXL add-in is installed, the Excel 2007
interface appears as shown to the right:
The tabs across the top can be thought of as “tool boxes,” where the options with-
in each tab represent the individual tools. The DDXL functionality can be found
under the Add-Ins tab, as circled above:
Descriptive Statistics
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow- 3.
ing procedure to find the complete description of a quantitative
variable, including the mean, median, and standard deviation:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Summaries. You should see the 4.
following screen:
Under Function type, select Summary of One Variable.
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with
an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list,
select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the
Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
Typical results are shown below:
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-59280-4
ISBN-10: 0-321-59280-8
9 0 0 0 0
Scatterplot, Regression, and Residual Plots Correlation
Typically, scatterplots are generated as a first step to a regression FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
exercise. Assuming this is the goal, use the following procedure to Use the following procedure to generate the correlation coefficient for two quantitative variables:
generate a scatterplot, a simple linear regression model, and the 1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
associated residual plot (the process to generate a simple stand-
alone scatterplot is shown below): 2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the 3. Under Function type, select Correlation. This will generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
first row. Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the x-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Then select a
second quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the y-Axis Quantitative Variable box. Select OK.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Regression.
3. Under Function type, select Simple Regression. This will Finding the Area under the Normal Curve and Inverse Normality
generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to find the normal cumulative distribution and its inverse:
click the arrow next to the Response Variable box. Then 1. Select a quantitative variable to analyze. At the bottom of in front of the number of the cell reference. In the Cumulative
select a second quantitative variable and click the arrow next that variable column, generate the mean and the standard box, type True. Click OK.
to the Explanatory Variable box. Select OK. deviation. To generate the mean, enter the formula 5. The resulting value will be the cumulative probability (from
4. Typical results are shown to the right. =AVERAGE(A2:A41), where A2 through A41 is the range negative infinity) associated with the value in that row of the
5. To generate the residual plot, click on the Check the of the data. To generate the standard deviation for the sample, variable of interest, assuming a normal distribution. Copy
Residuals button. enter the formula =STDEV(A2:A41). this formula to the bottom of the column.
2. Once you have the mean and the standard deviation for the 6. To determine the inverse — the value of interest based upon a
variable at the bottom of the variable column, insert a new normal probability of occurrence — create a new column to
blank column next to the variable of interest. To do this, click the right of the data of interest. Click on the fx button. In the
on the top of the column where you want a new column Search for a Function box, type Normal Distribution. From
Histogram and Boxplot inserted. Select Home>Insert. the Select a Function list, click on NORMINV. You will see
3. To find the associated area under the normal curve of values the following screen:
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate for a variable, go to the first empty cell in the new column.
the histogram and boxplot for a quantitative variable:
Click on the fx button. In the Search for a Function box,
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. type Normal Distribution. From the Select a Function list,
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots. click on NORMDIST. You will see the following screen:
3. To generate a histogram, under Function type, select Histogram. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an
arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative
Variable box. Select OK.
4. To generate a boxplot, under Function type, select Boxplot. This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable
box. Select OK.
5. To generate side-by-side boxplots to compare the spread of a quantitative variable across specific groups, select Boxplot by Groups
under Function type. Select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the Group Variable box. 7. In the Probability box, enter the cumulative probability that
you are interested in from the normal curve. In the Mean box,
click on the cell where you calculated the average for the vari-
Displaying Categorical Data (Frequency Tables) able of interest. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a frequency table: 4. In the X box, click on the first value in your variable list — front of the number, referencing the cell where the average was
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. from the ranges identified in the calculations above, it would be calculated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where
A2. In the Mean box, click on the cell where you calculated the you calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Tables. Under Function type, select Frequency Table. This will generate a box entitled Categorical Variable
average. Type a $ in front of the letter and then again in front of and in front of the number of the cell reference. Click OK.
with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK.
the number, referencing the cell where the average was calcu- 8. The resulting value will be the cumulative observation asso-
lated. In the Standard_dev box, click on the cell where you ciated with the cumulative probability indicated, assuming a
Confidence Intervals for Means calculated the STDEV. Again, type a $ in front of the letter and normal distribution.
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to generate the 90%, 95%, or 99% confidence interval for a Assessing Normality
quantitative variable:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row. FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET
Use the following procedure to assess the normality (or not) of a quantitative variable of interest:
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Interval (Note: While the 1
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Charts and Plots.
Var z Interval is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is rare.) 3. Under Function type, select Normal Probability Plot. This will generate two boxes with an arrow next to them. Under the Names
This will generate a box entitled Quantitative Variable with an arrow next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantita- and Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the arrow next to the first box. Select OK.
tive variable and click the arrow next to the Quantitative Variable box. Select OK. You should see the screen above: 4. Note that a normally distributed variable will follow a 45-degree line in the scatterplot graphic (this graphic plots the actual values
4. Click on the confidence level that you need, and then click on the Compute Interval button. of the variable on the y-axis versus the z-scores on the x-axis).

1 9 780321 592804 2 3
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Excel 2007 with DDXL
Generating Random Data and Sampling
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate random numbers and a simple random sample:
1. Create a new column on the right of your dataset entitled
Random.
2. Inside the first open cell (row 2), type the following
function: =RAND().
3. After you click Enter, a random number between 0 and 1
should have been generated. Note that this function RAND
generates random numbers that follow a uniform distribution
between 0 and 1. Once your random number has been generated,
from the Home tab, click Copy. The cell should have what
appears to be little chasing lights around it. Now highlight the
remainder of the column to the end of the data and click Paste.
4. You may have noticed that the first value in row 2 changed.
RAND is a volatile function in Excel, meaning that the result
will change whenever a change is made in the spreadsheet.
To resolve this, highlight the entire Random column, and
select Copy and then under the Paste options, select Paste
Values. Now the values should be fixed.
5. Sort the data using the Random column. To do this, highlight
the entire dataset. Select Data>Sort. The screen shown
above to the right should appear:
Confidence Intervals for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a cate-
gorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select
OK. This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition—
one of the two proportion values that you want to build the
interval around. Here, click on the Set Success button until
you see the value for which the proportion interval needs to
be generated. The values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to assign a 90%, 95%, or 99%
confidence level.
6. In step 3, click the Compute Interval button.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the
following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a
proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow next
to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition —
one of the two proportion values that you want to test. Here,
click on the Set Success button until you see the value for
4 5
6. Select the Sort by drop-down box and select RANDOM.
Select OK.
7. Create a new spreadsheet entitled Sample. To do this, select
Home and from the Insert tab select Insert Sheet. Double
click on the Sheet 1 tab at the bottom of the worksheet and
type Sample.
8. Return to the original datasheet and highlight the first N rows
(the number of observations you require for your sample).
Make sure that the labels in the first row are included. Select
Home>Copy. Go to the new Sample worksheet and click
inside cell A1 in the upper-left corner and select
Home>Paste.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions (cont.)
which the proportion interval needs to be generated. The
values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to designate the proportion value for
which the sample proportion will be tested against.
6. In step 3, you must assign the significance level
(1— the confidence level).
Hypothesis Test for the Difference between Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow-
ing procedure to generate a hypothesis test for the difference
between two proportions:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second categorical vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the button Set Success 1 —one of the
two proportion values that you want to test from the first
variable—until the correct value is assigned. Click on the
Set Success 2 button —one of the two proportion values that
you want to test from the second variable—until the correct
value is assigned.
5. In step 2, set the hypothesized difference between the propor-
tions (this is typically, although not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than,
two tailed, or one-tailed greater than.
8. In step 5, select Compute.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Hypothesis Tests for One Sample Mean
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between a
single sample mean and a specified value:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Test (Note: While the 1
Var z Test is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is
rare.) This will generate one box with an arrow next to it.
Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the specified
value of interest that you want to test the sample mean
against.
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, you are asked to determine if the test should be a
one-tail (less than or greater than) or a two-tail test.
8. In step 5, click the Compute button.
10. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select the same categorical vari-
ables as done previously. Select OK.
11. In step 1, set the same success values as done previously.
12. In step 2, set the desired confidence level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option.
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
Hypothesis Test for Paired Differences
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between
paired samples:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select Paired t Test. This will generate
three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable (e.g., a prescore)
and click the arrow next to the first box. Select a second
quantitative variable (e.g., a postscore) and click the arrow
next to the second box. Select OK. This will generate the
screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the
hypothesized difference (typically, but not always, 0).
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option. generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, assign the same quantitative
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
variables as done previously.
8. To generate the confidence interval for the paired differences,
10. Select the appropriate confidence level and click on the
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Compute button.
9. Under Function type, select Paired t Interval. This will
Hypothesis Tests for Difference of Means in Two Independent Samples
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between two
independent sample means:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Test. This will generate
two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second quantitative vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, identify if the test is pooled or two sample.
5. In step 2, specify the hypothesized difference (this is
typically, but not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the required significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than, 10. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Interval. This will gen-
two-tailed, or one-tailed greater than. erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select the same quantitative variables as
8. In step 5, select Compute. done previously. Select OK.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select 11. In step 1, identify if the interval is pooled or two sample as
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals. shown above.
12. In step 2, set the desired significance level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6
Excel_StudyCard_2008.qxd 9/17/08 2:27 PM Page 2
Excel 2007 with DDXL
Generating Random Data and Sampling
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate random numbers and a simple random sample:
1. Create a new column on the right of your dataset entitled
Random.
2. Inside the first open cell (row 2), type the following
function: =RAND().
3. After you click Enter, a random number between 0 and 1
should have been generated. Note that this function RAND
generates random numbers that follow a uniform distribution
between 0 and 1. Once your random number has been generated,
from the Home tab, click Copy. The cell should have what
appears to be little chasing lights around it. Now highlight the
remainder of the column to the end of the data and click Paste.
4. You may have noticed that the first value in row 2 changed.
RAND is a volatile function in Excel, meaning that the result
will change whenever a change is made in the spreadsheet.
To resolve this, highlight the entire Random column, and
select Copy and then under the Paste options, select Paste
Values. Now the values should be fixed.
5. Sort the data using the Random column. To do this, highlight
the entire dataset. Select Data>Sort. The screen shown
above to the right should appear:
Confidence Intervals for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a cate-
gorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select
OK. This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition—
one of the two proportion values that you want to build the
interval around. Here, click on the Set Success button until
you see the value for which the proportion interval needs to
be generated. The values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to assign a 90%, 95%, or 99%
confidence level.
6. In step 3, click the Compute Interval button.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the
following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a
proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow next
to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition —
one of the two proportion values that you want to test. Here,
click on the Set Success button until you see the value for
4 5
6. Select the Sort by drop-down box and select RANDOM.
Select OK.
7. Create a new spreadsheet entitled Sample. To do this, select
Home and from the Insert tab select Insert Sheet. Double
click on the Sheet 1 tab at the bottom of the worksheet and
type Sample.
8. Return to the original datasheet and highlight the first N rows
(the number of observations you require for your sample).
Make sure that the labels in the first row are included. Select
Home>Copy. Go to the new Sample worksheet and click
inside cell A1 in the upper-left corner and select
Home>Paste.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions (cont.)
which the proportion interval needs to be generated. The
values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to designate the proportion value for
which the sample proportion will be tested against.
6. In step 3, you must assign the significance level
(1— the confidence level).
Hypothesis Test for the Difference between Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow-
ing procedure to generate a hypothesis test for the difference
between two proportions:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second categorical vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the button Set Success 1 —one of the
two proportion values that you want to test from the first
variable—until the correct value is assigned. Click on the
Set Success 2 button —one of the two proportion values that
you want to test from the second variable—until the correct
value is assigned.
5. In step 2, set the hypothesized difference between the propor-
tions (this is typically, although not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than,
two tailed, or one-tailed greater than.
8. In step 5, select Compute.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Hypothesis Tests for One Sample Mean
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between a
single sample mean and a specified value:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Test (Note: While the 1
Var z Test is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is
rare.) This will generate one box with an arrow next to it.
Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the specified
value of interest that you want to test the sample mean
against.
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, you are asked to determine if the test should be a
one-tail (less than or greater than) or a two-tail test.
8. In step 5, click the Compute button.
10. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select the same categorical vari-
ables as done previously. Select OK.
11. In step 1, set the same success values as done previously.
12. In step 2, set the desired confidence level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option.
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
Hypothesis Test for Paired Differences
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between
paired samples:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select Paired t Test. This will generate
three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable (e.g., a prescore)
and click the arrow next to the first box. Select a second
quantitative variable (e.g., a postscore) and click the arrow
next to the second box. Select OK. This will generate the
screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the
hypothesized difference (typically, but not always, 0).
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option. generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, assign the same quantitative
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
variables as done previously.
8. To generate the confidence interval for the paired differences,
10. Select the appropriate confidence level and click on the
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Compute button.
9. Under Function type, select Paired t Interval. This will
Hypothesis Tests for Difference of Means in Two Independent Samples
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between two
independent sample means:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Test. This will generate
two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second quantitative vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, identify if the test is pooled or two sample.
5. In step 2, specify the hypothesized difference (this is
typically, but not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the required significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than, 10. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Interval. This will gen-
two-tailed, or one-tailed greater than. erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select the same quantitative variables as
8. In step 5, select Compute. done previously. Select OK.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select 11. In step 1, identify if the interval is pooled or two sample as
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals. shown above.
12. In step 2, set the desired significance level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6
Excel_StudyCard_2008.qxd 9/17/08 2:27 PM Page 2
Excel 2007 with DDXL
Generating Random Data and Sampling
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate random numbers and a simple random sample:
1. Create a new column on the right of your dataset entitled
Random.
2. Inside the first open cell (row 2), type the following
function: =RAND().
3. After you click Enter, a random number between 0 and 1
should have been generated. Note that this function RAND
generates random numbers that follow a uniform distribution
between 0 and 1. Once your random number has been generated,
from the Home tab, click Copy. The cell should have what
appears to be little chasing lights around it. Now highlight the
remainder of the column to the end of the data and click Paste.
4. You may have noticed that the first value in row 2 changed.
RAND is a volatile function in Excel, meaning that the result
will change whenever a change is made in the spreadsheet.
To resolve this, highlight the entire Random column, and
select Copy and then under the Paste options, select Paste
Values. Now the values should be fixed.
5. Sort the data using the Random column. To do this, highlight
the entire dataset. Select Data>Sort. The screen shown
above to the right should appear:
Confidence Intervals for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow
next to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a cate-
gorical variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select
OK. This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition—
one of the two proportion values that you want to build the
interval around. Here, click on the Set Success button until
you see the value for which the proportion interval needs to
be generated. The values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to assign a 90%, 95%, or 99%
confidence level.
6. In step 3, click the Compute Interval button.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the
following procedure to generate a confidence interval for a
proportion:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate a box entitled Proportions Variable with an arrow next
to it. Under the Names and Columns list, select a categorical
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, you are asked to designate the success condition —
one of the two proportion values that you want to test. Here,
click on the Set Success button until you see the value for
4 5
6. Select the Sort by drop-down box and select RANDOM.
Select OK.
7. Create a new spreadsheet entitled Sample. To do this, select
Home and from the Insert tab select Insert Sheet. Double
click on the Sheet 1 tab at the bottom of the worksheet and
type Sample.
8. Return to the original datasheet and highlight the first N rows
(the number of observations you require for your sample).
Make sure that the labels in the first row are included. Select
Home>Copy. Go to the new Sample worksheet and click
inside cell A1 in the upper-left corner and select
Home>Paste.
Hypothesis Test for Proportions (cont.)
which the proportion interval needs to be generated. The
values will scroll in alphabetical order.
5. In step 2, you are asked to designate the proportion value for
which the sample proportion will be tested against.
6. In step 3, you must assign the significance level
(1— the confidence level).
Hypothesis Test for the Difference between Proportions
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the follow-
ing procedure to generate a hypothesis test for the difference
between two proportions:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Test. This will gen-
erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select a categorical variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second categorical vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the button Set Success 1 —one of the
two proportion values that you want to test from the first
variable—until the correct value is assigned. Click on the
Set Success 2 button —one of the two proportion values that
you want to test from the second variable—until the correct
value is assigned.
5. In step 2, set the hypothesized difference between the propor-
tions (this is typically, although not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than,
two tailed, or one-tailed greater than.
8. In step 5, select Compute.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Hypothesis Tests for One Sample Mean
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between a
single sample mean and a specified value:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 1 Var t Test (Note: While the 1
Var z Test is slightly more accurate, it requires the ability to
estimate the standard deviation of the population, which is
rare.) This will generate one box with an arrow next to it.
Under the Names and Columns list, select a quantitative
variable and click the arrow next to the box. Select OK. This
will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the specified
value of interest that you want to test the sample mean
against.
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
7. In step 4, you are asked to determine if the test should be a
one-tail (less than or greater than) or a two-tail test.
8. In step 5, click the Compute button.
10. Under Function type, select 2 Var Prop Interval. This will
generate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, select the same categorical vari-
ables as done previously. Select OK.
11. In step 1, set the same success values as done previously.
12. In step 2, set the desired confidence level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option.
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
Hypothesis Test for Paired Differences
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between
paired samples:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select Paired t Test. This will generate
three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable (e.g., a prescore)
and click the arrow next to the first box. Select a second
quantitative variable (e.g., a postscore) and click the arrow
next to the second box. Select OK. This will generate the
screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, click on the Set button and identify the
hypothesized difference (typically, but not always, 0).
5. In step 2, select the appropriate significance level.
6. In step 3, click on the Alternative Hypothesis option. generate three boxes with arrows next to them. Under the
Names and Columns list, assign the same quantitative
7. In step 4, click on the Compute button.
variables as done previously.
8. To generate the confidence interval for the paired differences,
10. Select the appropriate confidence level and click on the
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals.
Compute button.
9. Under Function type, select Paired t Interval. This will
Hypothesis Tests for Difference of Means in Two Independent Samples
FROM AN OPEN EXCEL 2007 WORKSHEET Use the following
procedure to determine if a statistical difference exists between two
independent sample means:
1. Highlight the entire dataset, including the labels in the first row.
2. Select Add-Ins>DDXL>Hypothesis Tests.
3. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Test. This will generate
two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names and
Columns list, select a quantitative variable and click the
arrow next to the first box. Select a second quantitative vari-
able and click the arrow next to the second box. Select OK.
This will generate the screen shown to the right:
4. In step 1, identify if the test is pooled or two sample.
5. In step 2, specify the hypothesized difference (this is
typically, but not always, 0).
6. In step 3, select the required significance level.
7. In step 4, select the appropriate test — one-tailed less than, 10. Under Function type, select 2 Var t Interval. This will gen-
two-tailed, or one-tailed greater than. erate two boxes with arrows next to them. Under the Names
and Columns list, select the same quantitative variables as
8. In step 5, select Compute. done previously. Select OK.
9. To generate the confidence interval of the difference, select 11. In step 1, identify if the interval is pooled or two sample as
Add-Ins>DDXL>Confidence Intervals. shown above.
12. In step 2, set the desired significance level.
13. In step 3, select Compute.
6