Lesson 1 What Is Nutrition

Professional
Diploma
in
Nutrition
Lesson 1:
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition
“Nutrition is the intake of

food, considered in relation to
the body’s dietary needs”
World Health Organisation
Professional
Professional Diploma
Diploma in in Nutrition
Nutrition – Module
– Module 11
Nutrition – who is it for?
Nutrition affects everyone!
Cornerstone of good health
Professional
– Module 11
Benefits of Good Nutrition
• Refuels energy stores
• Enhances concentration levels
• Helps you to reach your weight loss/gain targets
• Delays fatigue
• Boosts immune system
• Fights and helps to prevent disease
Professional
– Module 11
Poor Nutrition
• Reduced immunity
• Increased susceptibility to disease
• Impaired physical and mental
development
• Reduced productivity
Professional
– Module 11
Malnutrition
Overnutrition
Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Undernutrition

Undernutrition
• Undernutrition indicates a lack of the necessary
energy, protein or micronutrients required by the
body for good health
• Occurs when people do not eat or absorb

enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy
and growth or to maintain a healthy immune
system
• Most basic kind = Protein-energy malnutrition
• Micronutrient deficiency occur when the body

lacks one or more micronutrients resulting in
deficiencies which usually affect growth and
immunity e.g. anaemia (iron deficiency)
Professional
– Module 11
Undernutrition Facts
• Undernutrition includes wasting, stunting, and
underweight
• 462 million people in the world are underweight
• 52 million children <5 years are wasted, 17 million

severely wasted, and 155 million stunted
• 45% of deaths among children <5 are linked to

undernutrition
• These deaths mostly occurred in low- and middle-

income countries
Professional
– Module 11
Causes of
Undernutrition
• Poor diet
• Lack of info/knowledge
• Fad diets
• Disease and illness
• Poverty/ lack of access to food
• Changes in requirements throughout lifecycle
Professional
– Module 11
Signs of Malnutrition
• Unplanned weight loss (usually losing more than 5-10%
of your body weight within three to six months)
• Weak muscles and/or loss of muscle
• Feeling tired all the time
• Low mood
• Increase in illnesses or infections
• Slow recovery from illness
• Failure to grow at the expected rate
• Changes in behaviour such as appearing unusually
irritable, sluggish or anxious
Professional
– Module 11
Iron deficiency Anaemia
• Iron deficiency anaemia can occur when the body has
insufficient red blood cells or lack of haemoglobin contained
within the red blood cells.
• It results from a lack of iron in the body
• Symptoms include tiredness, lack of energy, shortness of breath,

heart palpitations, pale skin
• Treated by eating iron-rich foods and/or iron supplements prescribed

by a doctor
Professional
– Module 11
Overnutrition
Evolution of Obesity

Obesity Facts
• Obesity has nearly tripled worldwide since 1975

• In 2016 >1.9 billion adults were overweight, and 650 million
adults were obese
• In 2016 39% of adults were overweight, and 13% were obese
• In 2016 41 million children <5 years were overweight or
obese
• In 2016 340 million children aged 5-19 years were
overweight or obese

Obesity Facts
Most common
nutritional disorder
Global Epidemic
Increasing rates in developing

countries

Implications of Obesity
• Sleep apnoea
• Snoring
• Lung disease
• Liver disease
• Gallstones
• Cancer
• Stroke
• Heart disease
• Pancreatitis
• Female disorders – infertility
• Arthritis
• Gout
• Inflamed veins, often with clots
Professional
– Module 11
Diabetes is a
Global Issue
• The number of people with diabetes has risen from
108 million in 1980 to 420 million in 2014
• 422 million adults have diabetes
• 1.6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes
each year
• Diabetes prevalence has risen more rapidly in
middle- and low-income countries
• WHO project diabetes will be the 7th leading cause
of death by 2030

What is Diabetes?

Symptoms of Diabetes?
• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Extreme hunger
• Unexplained weight loss
• Extreme tiredness
• Irritability
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing cuts and wounds
Professional
– Module 11
What is CVD?
• Coronary heart disease – disease of the blood

vessels supplying the heart muscle;
• Cerebrovascular disease - disease of the blood
vessels supplying the brain;
• Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood
vessels supplying the arms and legs;
• Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart
muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever,
caused by streptococcal bacteria;
• Congenital heart disease - malformations of heart
structure existing at birth;
• Hypertension – high blood pressure

Heart Disease Facts
• CVD are the worlds number 1 cause of death

• 17.7 million people die each year from CVD
• An estimated 31% of deaths worldwide
• 80% of all CVD is due to stroke and heart attacks
• >75% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-
income countries
Professional
– Module 11
Symptoms of CVD

Nutrition
Fact!
The word “Nutrition” is
derived from “nourish,”
which is from the
Latin nutrire, meaning to
feed, nurse, support, and
preserve.
Professional
– Module 11
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– Module 11
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Type:
INFO 27
Fundamentals
of Nutrition
Calories
1 Kilocalorie = 1000 calories

Terms used interchangeably
1 kcal = 4.1858 kj
Professional
– Module 11
Calories

Macronutrients
Main sources of energy

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Professional
– Module 11
Macronutrients
Protein Fats Carbohydrates

1g= 4kcal 1g= 9kcal 1g= 4kcal

Micronutrients
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Antioxidants
Professional
– Module 11
Classification of Vitamins
Vitamin B group
Water soluble
Vitamin C
Vitamins Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Fat soluble
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

Major Minerals
Ca Calcium
Cu Copper
P Phosphorous
Cr Chromium
Mg Magnesium
Mn Manganese
Na Sodium
Se Selenium
K Potassium
F- Fluoride
Fe Iron
I Iodine
Zn Zinc

Portion Sizes
Healthy Eating Guidelines

Reduction can aid weight loss
Portion size for each food
group
Professional
– Module 11
Building a Healthy Meal

Food Labels
“Nutrition is the intake of

food, considered in relation to
the body’s dietary needs”
World Health Organisation
Professional
– Module 11
Nutritional Informational

Behaviour
Behaviour can hinder

nutritional and weight
loss efforts
Important to
understand behaviour
Professional
– Module 11
Identifying barriers
Common barriers;
• Lack of time
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of preparation
• Bad habits
• Lack of motivation
• Emotional eating

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Contact Us
Support Educator Website

support@shawacademy.com Nutrition.Support@shawacademy.com www.shawacademy.com

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Professional

“Nutrition is the intake of

World Health Organisation

Nutrition affects everyone!

Cornerstone of good health

• Refuels energy stores

• Enhances concentration levels

• Helps you to reach your weight loss/gain targets

• Boosts immune system

• Fights and helps to prevent disease

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

• Occurs when people do not eat or absorb

• Most basic kind = Protein-energy malnutrition

• Micronutrient deficiency occur when the body

• 462 million people in the world are underweight

• 52 million children <5 years are wasted, 17 million

• 45% of deaths among children <5 are linked to

• These deaths mostly occurred in low- and middle-

• It results from a lack of iron in the body

• Symptoms include tiredness, lack of energy, shortness of breath,

• Treated by eating iron-rich foods and/or iron supplements prescribed

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

• Obesity has nearly tripled worldwide since 1975

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Increasing rates in developing

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

• Coronary heart disease – disease of the blood

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

• CVD are the worlds number 1 cause of death

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Please Rate the Responses

On a scale of 0 to 10, how much did you enjoy today’s lesson?

Rate the lesson

1 Kilocalorie = 1000 calories

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Main sources of energy

Protein Fats Carbohydrates

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Healthy Eating Guidelines

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

“Nutrition is the intake of

World Health Organisation

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Behaviour can hinder

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

Support Educator Website

Professional Diploma in Nutrition – Module 1

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