Reviews Midterms

1. Subject: English Literature

2. What is explainer teacher?
3. What is language system?
4. What is symmetric
5. What is phonology?
6. What is teaching approach?
7. What is different between teacher’s center approach & learner center approach?
8. T/F
Answer
1. A teacher is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values. Informally
the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone. Different teaching & learning
2. Many teachers know their subject matter very well, but have limited knowledge of teaching
methodology. This kind of teacher relies mainly on ―explaining‖ or ―lecturing‖ as a way of
conveying information to the students.
The explainer is good at:
 explaining grammar or vocabulary
 entertaining the students with presentations
 In other words, the explainer knows the subject matter well.
3. Language systems:
 Phonology: how to learn vowels
 The sound of consonant, intention, accent, syllable.
 Lexis: the meaning of word, Greece, Latin, German.
 Grammar: part of speech
 Function: ……………………………………………………………………………..
 Discourse: ……………………………………………………………………………

4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put more
formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organization of speech sounds in languages;
how speech sounds are organized in the mind and used to convey meaning. The system of
contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of
a language.
6. Teaching approach is a theoretical view of what language is, and of how it can be learnt.
An approach gives rise to methods, the way of teaching something, which use classroom
activities or techniques to help learners learn.

7. Differences between Teacher-Centered and student-Centered Learning

teacher-Centered approach student-Centered approach

Focus is on instructor Focus is on both students and instructor

Focus is on language forms and structures

Focus is on language use in typical situations
(what the instructor knows about the
(how students will use the language)
language)
 Instructor models; students interact with
Instructor talks; students listen
instructor and one another

Students work in pairs, in groups, or alone

Students work alone
depending on the purpose of the activity

Students talk without constant instructor

Instructor monitors and corrects every
monitoring; instructor provides
student utterance
feedback/correction when questions arise

Instructor answers students’ questions about Students answer each other’s questions,
language using instructor as an information resource

Instructor chooses topics Students have some choice of topics

Students evaluate their own learning;

Instructor evaluates student learning
instructor also evaluates

Classroom is quiet Classroom is often noisy and busy

8. T/F
1 2 3 4 5 6

 Introduction to essay
I. Vocabulary
 Block method……………………………………………………………..
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 Alternating…………………………………………………………………………………
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 Clincher……………………………………………………………………………………
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 Mileage……………………………………………………………………………………
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 Hook………………………………………………………………………………………
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 Setting : the location where the action in a story take place
 Theme: the basic ideas of story, theme will deal with a topic common in life, or human
nature, such as greed, love…….
 Mood the feeling or atmosphere that the writer, create for both the setting and descriptive
……
 Character people act in the story, affected by the mood of the story and react to the
events in which they are involved.
 Plot what happen in the story, the sequence of events, include a climax or turning point at
which the character or events change.
  Transition………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………
 Chronological …………………………………………………………………………….
 Restate……………………………………………………………………………..………
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II. Answer
1. A narrative essay tells a story
 An important part of human history
 Another word for story narrative essay
 To be more creative than academic essay
2. The important elements of narrative essays
 Setting
 Theme
 Mood
 Character
 Plot.
3. Introduction of narrative essay
 To describe the setting
 To introduce the character
 To prepare your audience for the action to come.
4. The hook in on essay is the part of introduction, usually first sentences
 To help set the stage for the story
 To make the readers to start guessing about what will happen next.
5. The weak thesis statement
 They are both somewhat like and somewhat different
 I can see some similarity and some different too.
III. Writing
 Some people said that “smoking is destroyed the health, and other people said
that it is not destroyed”.
 A women’s day in Cambodia.

Introduction
International Women’s Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate
acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history
of their countries and communities. There are main points that to mark for women’s day.

First of all, in 1917 against the backdrop of the war, women in Russia again chose to protect and
strike for ―bread and peace‖. In order to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls
everywhere, eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres,
including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. Moreover, eliminate all harmful practices, such
as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, Gender equality and promote women’s
right. For examples, International Women’s Day hold not only for others countries but also for Cambodia as
well.
 Secondly, International Women’s Day would be holding many countries in the world such as; USA,
Russia, UK, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Cambodia…Etc. for example, the most International
Women’s Day in Cambodia is about the issues that are prevalent in the society. Non-governmental
institutions, schools, student associations and other activist groups take up a wide range of activities in order
to support the large numbers of women being subjugated to violence and injustice.

Lastly, for women in Cambodia, 8th March is a day on which many students in schools and other
educational settings participate in special days, and debates or presentations about the importance of women
in society, their influence, and issues that affect them. Moreover, in some countries school children bring
gifts to their female teachers and women receive small presents from friends or family members. Such as
flowers, candy, and in that day men do everything for women’s day. Addition to many workplaces make a
special mention about International Women’s Day through internal newsletters or notices, or by handing out
promotional material focusing on the day.

To sum up, International women’s day is a time to reflect about against to demand rights for women
in the world. Especially demand to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public
and private spheres, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. On behalf of our studies
should respect women and end of all forms violence for women.

Pedagogy lecturer by Im Dinna

1. What is psychology?
 Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychology is a multifaceted
discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas as human development, sports,
health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes.
2. What is educational psychology?
 Educational psychology involves the study of how people learn, including topics such as
student outcomes, the instructional process, individual differences in learning, gifted learners,
and learning disabilities.
3. Scope of educational psychology?
 Anything related to mind, emotions, perception, behavior and society .etc. comes under
the scope of psychology. ... Psychologists study the processes, motives, reactions, feelings
and nature of the human mind. They teach, practice and do research or work in one of the
many branches of applied psychology.
4. The field of educational psychology?
 The field of educational psychology involves a number of other disciplines, including
developmental psychology, behavioral psychology, and cognitive psychology.
 Developmental psychology: study of how people change physically, mentally, and
socially throughout the lifespan. Influences: biological, environmental, social,
cultural, and behavioral factors.
 Behavioral psychology is the study of how our behaviors relate to our mind – it looks
at our behavior through the lens of psychology and draws a link between the two.
 Thought, feeling, motivation into direct observation (behavior).

 Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language

use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".
5. Take into account of philosopher of soul (Aristotle, Plato, Homer)
 (Aristotle ) Man is a rational animal. The soul is just the form of the particular body
that a man has. So the soul cannot exist independently of the body at all. Instead, a
person is a creature unified of matter and form, I.e. body and soul.
 (Plato) The soul is immortal and the body is not. The soul makes the person not the
body.
  (Homer) Homer's statement about the soul is that it can only find some level of
reconcilable peace when it goes into the afterlife. The state of the soul while in the
world of the mortals is one of complete anguish and incompatibility.
6. The emergence of western science as revolution against divine-right tyranny.
 The emergence of Western science has been drawn upon to commit every conceivable crime
against humanity and has therefore tended to be rejected by critical theorists and pedagogues,
including Kincheloe and his post-formalism; it began as an attempt to establish high
standards of rigor. The divine right of kings, or divine-right theory of kingship, is a political
and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to
no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God.
7. Give in brief the motivation of Maslow.
 Maslow proposed that motivation is the result of a person's attempt at fulfilling five basic
needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. According to Maslow,
these needs can create internal pressures that can influence a person's behavior.
 Motivation refers to the psychological processes that stimulate excitement and persistence
of voluntary actions aimed at some goal. Because motivation can be highly
individualized, managers use a wide range of techniques to keep their employees
motivated and happy. Therefore, it is essential for managers to understand the
psychological processes involved in motivation so that they can effectively direct
employees towards organizational goals.
8. Describe behavioral by Wundt
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9. What are your understanding structuralisms?
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Applied linguistic lecturer by Sorphorn

1. What is linguistic ?
Applied Linguistic three points:
 How to learn language
 How to teach language
 How to use language.
2. Methods to apply in classroom.
 The direct method, in this method the teaching is done entirely in the target language.
The learner is not allowed to use his or her mother tongues. Grammar rules are avoided
and there is emphasize no good pronunciation.
  Grammar translate, learning is largely by translation to and from the target language.
Grammar rules are to be memorized and long lists of vocabulary learned by heart. There
is little or no emphasized placed on developing oral ability.

3. Process, strategies, styles

 Process is the most general of the three concepts. All human beings engage in certain universal
processes. Just as we all need air, water, and food for our survival, so do all humans of normal
intelligence engage in certain levels or types of learning. Human beings universally engage in associ-
ation, transfer, generalization, and attrition. We all make stimulus-response connections and are
driven by reinforcement. We all possess, in varying proportions, abilities in the seven intelligences.
Process is characteristic of every human being.
 Style is a term that refers to consistent and rather enduring tendencies or preferences within an
individual. Styles are those general characteristics of intellectual functioning (and personality type,
as well) that pertain to you as an individual, and that differentiate you from someone else. For
example, you might be more visually oriented, more tolerant of ambiguity, or more reflective than
someone else—these would be styles that characterize a general pattern in your thinking or feeling.
 Strategies are specific methods of approaching a problem or task, modes of operation for achieving
a particular end, planned designs for controlling and manipulating certain information. They are
contextualized "battle plans" that might vary from moment to moment, or day to day, or year to year.
Strategies vary intra individually; each of us has a number of possible ways to solve a particular
problem, and we choose one—or several in sequence—for a given problem.
4. The reason to learn language
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