Professional Documents
Culture Documents
17 April 2015
Understanding 5G
Aniwan Uthit, 9074791, science, and engineering faculty, Queensland University of Technology
Abstract—a new generation of mobile network has appeared The development of 5G systems is going to directly affect to
approximately every 10 years, including 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G the growth of economy and society significantly, because,
respectively. However, According to NGMN (Next Generation in5G technology, the information can be accessed anywhere
Mobile Network Alliance) by 2020, 5G will be rolled out in order and anytime for anyone and anything [2]. This paper will
to meet business and consumer demands. Data rate, latency, the
number of connected devices, energy, availability, coverage, and
analyze 5G technology in order to have deep understanding
will be enhanced significantly in 5G technology, and because of for the future generation wireless systems which include
these improvements, the connectivity in 5G systems will be history of each generation wireless systems, requirements for
available to access from anywhere at anytime for anyone and 5G, challenges for 5G, the change of society and spectrum for
anything. However, all details of 5G systems are the topic to 5G. Moreover, the last two considerations of this paper,
ongoing research and debate, therefore, in this paper will focus possible technology for 5G and technical solutions for
on the understanding in 5G systems including history of each improving the data rate in 5G will be examined.
generation wireless systems, requirements for 5G, challenges for
5G the change of society, spectrum for 5G, potential technology
for 5G and technical solutions for improving data rate. BRIEF HISTORY OF GENERATION WIRELESS
SYSTEM FROM 1G TO 5G
INTRODUCTION Recently, a new generation of mobile has appeared roughly
In the twenty first century, wireless technology has a vast every 10 years. 1G system started to roll out in 1981 followed
impact on human’s lives more than ever before, especially, the by the first 2G systems, 3G systems and 4G systems in 1991,
ability of human communication has increased significantly. 2001 and 2012 respectively. The basic differences between
For instance, a decade ago, when we made a phone call to a these systems are that 1G systems are analog
person who was in different countries, high cost of a phone telecommunications that can use for only analogue phone call,
call was required, but today making a phone call to all over the 2G systems are digital that can use for digital phone call and
world can be easily and free by using the internet with high messaging while 3G and 4G increased ability of phone calls,
data speed of the wireless systems. In addition, wireless messaging and broadband data. From the first generation (1G)
systems also act as an essential role in business fields, by way to the current generation (4G), each generation has been
of illustration, transferring documents can be only a few
inspired by the need to meet the requirements specified
second by using an email or others.
However, current generation wireless systems or generation between technology [3] and previous generation technology
mobile networks which called 4G, it seems not efficient (Table1). For instance, the growth from 2G to 3G was tried to
enough to meet business and consumer demands, therefore, enable mobile internet on consumer devices. Another example
several network organizations, such as NGMN (Next is the transition of 3G to 4G services have allowed users
Generation Mobile Network Alliance), Samsung Electronics, access greatly faster data speeds and lower lacking. The global
Huawei as well as others have discussed to develop next survey has shown that 4G customers around the world
generation wireless systems which called 5G, and it should be normally use double or three times monthly amount of data of
rolled out by 2020. non-4G users [4], so the way of accessing and using the
In 5G era, NGMN has already defined requirements for 6 internet on mobile device for people is going to change
main areas that should be enhanced, including, data rate, significantly in the future.
latency, the number of connection devices, energy, availability
However, the topic concerning a key differentiator for 4 G
and coverage. There are four main points of data rate that
has been discussed that in the reality world, providing low
should be improved which are related to capacity, at least rate,
edge rate and peak rate. Moreover, latency will be decreased power, low frequency network in order to meet the demand for
significantly compared to 4G, and the number of connected the widespread use of machine to machine (M2M) is not
devices will be increased dramatically, energy will be specific to 4G or 5G, therefore, currently, it is actually unclear
improved in term of network work energy and battery life and that what strong points or weakness that 5G ought to address
availability and coverage also will be improved [1]. These is [4].
requirements will be explained more information in
requirements in 5G section and challenges for 5G systems Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN)
section. believe that 5G technology ought to be roll out by 2020 for
meeting consumer and business demands. Moreover, the needs
of new use cases will be predicted as an important role to
1
Journal of Advanced Communication Systems ENN522 vol. 1 no. 17 April 2015
simply providing faster data speeds and high capacity [4]. In connected devices, decreasing network energy usage as well
order to meet human demands, the 5G systems may adopt new as increased availability and coverage level.
technology like ‘’mesh networking’’ which can let the devices
to communicate with each other directly instead of relying on 1. Data rate:
base stations. Therefore, because of this, bandwidth will be a) Area capacity is refer to total amount of data, it will be
more available, power consumption will be lower, increased by approximately 1000x from 4G to 5G in term of
infrastructure costs will be decreased, spectral efficiency will bit per unit area.
be improved, and also resilience of network will be increased. b) At least data rate, in 5G technology, it is expected that
However, higher latencies could be appeared by this technic, we will have at least 100Mbits wherever needed.
so this point has to be addressed. However, these new abilities
c) Edge rate 5% rate is the worst data rate that users expect
are still being grouped under the current ITU-T4G standards
to have when they are in range of network. This requires
[4].
roughly 100x from current technology.
Weakness d) Maximum data rate is the best data rate which users
Primary Key (Address by expect to receive when they are in range of network, this will
Generation
Services differentiator each be increased to range of 10Gbps as shown in (figure1) [4].
generation
Poor spectral
Analogue efficiency,
1G Mobility
phone calls low level of
security
Limited data
Digital rates-difficult
phone calls Secure, mass to support
2G
and adoption demand for
messaging internet, and
email
Real
performance
Figure1. Comparison peak data rate of each generation.
Phone calls, failed to
Better internet
3G messaging, match hype,
experience 2. Latency:
data failure of
WAP for the a) Latency is a measure of the time delay experienced by
internet access systems, current 4G/LTE technology latencies are about 5-
10ms, in 5G systems, this time delay will be only 0.5ms-1ms
Tied to legacy, as shown in (figure 2).
Phone calls,
Broadband mobile
messaging,
3.5G internet specific
broadband
applications architecture
data
and protocols
All-IP
Faster
service
broadband
4G (Including ?
internet, low
voice,
latency
messaging)
REQUIREMENTS IN 5G SYSTEMS
(NGMN) Alliance or Next Generation Mobile Network
Alliance have defined 6 main requirements that 5G must be
able to achieve in order to meet the business and consumer
demands, including improving data rate, increasing number of Figure2. Comparison latency between current generation
and 5G generation
2
Journal of Advanced Communication Systems ENN522 vol. 1 no. 17 April 2015
Figure3. Hyper-Service-Cube
3
Journal of Advanced Communication Systems ENN522 vol. 1 no. 17 April 2015
4
Journal of Advanced Communication Systems ENN522 vol. 1 no. 17 April 2015
REFERENCES
[1] J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S. V. Hanly, A. Lozano, A.
C. K. Soong, et al., "What Will 5G Be?," IEEE Journal on Selected
Areas in Communications, vol. 32, pp. 1065-1082, 2014.