UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GEODINAMIKA 2018

PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA

Basin Evolution And Analysis Potential Resource Of The Bogor Basin

Yosella Meyling
101216084

Abstract – Bogor Basin located in western Java is one of the basins used in paleogeography analysis of the formation
of the island of Java. This paper uses the literature study method from several doctoral papers, journals, and
dissertations previously published. By combining some information obtained from other literatures, it can be
concluded that Bogor basin was formed in the Early Oligocene and its influenced by subduction between the
Eurasian plate and the Indian oceanic plate which results in the formation of the Bogor Basin. In this basin an
anticlonorium structure is formed. Subang Formation and Cantayan Formation has the potential to become a seal
rock or caprock. Baturaja Formation, Cibulakan formation, and Parigi formation have the potential to be good
reservoirs because they have lithology such as limestone and marl which can have good porosity. Batuasih
Formation has the potential to become a source rock. Based on the results of the discussion above, the Batuasih
Formation has good maturity and good organic content (TOC) to produce hydrocarbons. however, from several
samples that have been analyzed, the Batuasih Formation can be a source rock but in small or limited quantities.

Keyword: Bogor Basin, evolution, hydrocarbon, Batuasih Formation

INTRODUCTION
that several geologists examined the basin widely and
Java Island is located at the southern end of
regionally (Abdurrokhim, 2017). Bogor (Buitenzorg)
the Sundaland craton, it was formed by rock
situated in its western part. It is an anticlinorium of
assemblages associated with an active margin of plate
strongly folded in neogene strata with many
convergence. The island has recorded plate
intrusions of hypabyssal volcanic necks, stocks,
convergence between the Indian oceanic crust and the
bosses, etc. Its western part extends West to East
Sundaland continental fragment since Late
whilst its eastern part assumes a more WNW-ESE
Cretaceous time. Therefore, the island is made up of
direction, giving it a slightly arcuate outline, convex
a complex of plutonic-volcanic arcs, accretionary
to the North (Van Bemmelen, 1949).
prisms, subduction zones, and related sedimentary
rocks (Satyana & Armandita, 2006). This study will discuss about tectonic
evolution and one of the potential resource that is
West Java can be divided physiographically
hydrocarbon potential in the Bogor Basin.
and structurally into 4 E-W trending belts (Van
Bemmelen, 1949):

The Southern Mountains of West Java

The Bandung Zone
The Bogor Zone
The Lowland Plain of Batavia

Bogor Basin has often been studied by

several researchers from Indonesia and abroad
because the Bogor Basin is one of the keys in the
reconstruction of the formation of the Java island so
 UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GEODINAMIKA 2018
PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA

Figure 1 Sketch map of the northern regional geological map of the

Bogor Basin, which is modified from Sudjatmiko (1972)

DATA AND METHOD

The data of this paper is secondary data from

many other literature that related with regional
geology, tectonic evolution, and potential resource in
Bogor Basin.
The research method of this paper is with a
literature studies from other researcher that related to
exploration and regional studies in the West Java Figure 2 Bogor Basin as a magmatic back-arc basin in in Oligo-
region. The research location in the southern Bogor Miocene, which now its covered by Quartenary volcanic deposit
from Satyana & Armandita, 2004 (Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P. S.,
sub-basin is in the high area of Sukabumi- Hendrizan, 2009b).
Padalarang, where it is the location of the Batuasih
Formation and the presence of oil seepage. Initially, the exposure area (Northwest Java
Basin) in the north of the Bogor - Kendeng Basin
(Eocene-Oligocene) is also a front arc basin in the
REGIONAL GEOLOGY form of a canal filled with non-volcanoslastic
Paleogene deposits and lacustrine deposits of the
The Bogor Basin is a Back-Arc Basin for the
Jatibarang Formation and fluviatile deposits, alluvial
Oligo-Miocene volcanic arc to the south. Tectonic
fans, fluvio deltaik, and lacustrine material in the
activities that occur in Java have caused the
Talang Akar Formation (Sudarmono, Dr., 1997, op.
formation of tectonic elements in the form of
cit. Ryacudu, Dr., 1999). In its development, after the
accretion zones, basins, and magmatic arcs. The
Oligo-Mioceneectonics, this area became exposed to
tectonic evolution of West Java causes the position of
shallow marine environments as a place for
the formed basin to change its position against the
sedimentation of the Miocene Formation of the
magmatic arc. The Bogor Basin at the Eocene-
Baturaja Formation (carbonate), Cibulakan
Oligocene was a concave and magmatic face, but at
Formation, and Parigi Formation (carbonates) that
the time of the Oligo-Miocene the position of the
have the potential as reservoirs (Praptisih, Kamtono,
basin turned into a back-arc basin. Plio-Plistocene
Putra, P. S., Hendrizan, 2009b).
tectonic activities The Bogor Basin is occupied by
magmatic pathways to date (Satyana & Armandita,
2004; Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P. S., Hendrizan,
2009).
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PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA
Figure 3 Cenozoic Stratigraphy of the Bogor Basin and Northwest
Java Basin (left side) modified from Sujanto and Sumantri (1977),
Martodjojo (2003), Suyono et al.(2005) (Abdurrokhim, 2017).
Figure 4 Regional stratigraphy of Bogor Basin (Martodjojo, 1984)
BASIN EVOLUTION
The development of the Bogor Basin by
Martodjojo 1984 as follows:
Pre-Tertiary
The basin is still in the form of metamorphic,
volcanic, and igneous rocks which form the basement
of the basin. known from the results of drilling in
northern and western part of java sea (Martodjojo,
1984).
Paleocene - Early Eocene
Mélange complex is formed in the
Southwestern part of West Java (Ciletuh Bay) which
is thought to be part of the subduction zone (Meratus
direction). In the Northern part of West Java, it is
represented by volcanic Jatibarang Formation which
is thought to be a subduction existing magmatic arc.
at this time interval it is classtic deposited Ciletuh
Formation which is estimated as pond deposits in the
inter arc between the outer and inner magmatic arc.
In this period the northern part of West Java showed
unconformities that described subaerial conditions
(Martodjojo, 1984).
Eocene
During the Eocene, West Java was on a
continental condition, which was characterized by
unconformity but the Rajamandala Sukabumi region
was an area of terrestrial fluvial deposits where the
Walat Formation which filled the inter arc basin
depression (Martodjojo, 1984).
Early Oligocene
Marked by unconformity at the peak of Mount
Walat in the form of a quartz sandstone
conglomerate, which shows a tectonic uplift in the
whole area (Martodjojo, 1984).
Late Oligocene
It is the beginning of marine transgression
formed from the Southwest to the Northeast. The
Bogor Basin develops in the middle of West Java
which separates the off-shelf platform to the south of
the Sunda Shelf in the North. On the northern edge of
this plalform reef the Rajamandala formation is
formed, which is preceded by carbonate flakes of the
Batuasih Formation (Martodjojo, 1984).
Miocene
Bogor Basin increased of input of sediment
clastic especially deep marine sediments with the
mechanism of turbidite and volcanic debris that
formed the Citarum Formation, Middle Miocene
Saguling Formation (upper part of Citarum Foration)
and in the Late Miocene Bantargadung Formation,
Cigadung Formation, and Cantayan Formation
(Martodjojo, 1984).
Pliocene
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Tectonic uplift occurs in volcanic complexes
and what remains is volcanic neck, plug or andesite
intrusion. Volcanism continues until the Pleistocene
(Martodjojo, 1984).
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
Figure 5 Sequence stratigraphic scheme from the Jatiluhur
Formation and the Klapanunggal Formation. The middle part is
deposited as a response to the falling stage system tract, the
interval of the limestone in the middle is treated as a lowstand
system tract and the upper part is formed in the transgressive
system tract (Abdurrokhim, 2017).
Although the lower boundary of the Jatiluhur
Formation is not revealed, it is clear that this
succession shows shallowing upward at the intervals
of the lower part to the middle, which is then covered
by deeper succession at the top, which is interpreted
as a response to the surface rise and rise relative sea
(Abdurrokhim, 2017).
The lower part of the middle part of the Jatiluhur
Formation Formation is characterized by a
progradation of sediments dominated by siltstone in
the slope & shelf-margin environment, while at the
top it is characterized by transgressive succession
which is also dominated by siltstone
deposits(Abdurrokhim, 2017).
The lower half of the Jatiluhur Formation as a whole
shows a shallowing-upward pattern of slope and
shelf-margin sediment succession consisting of
siliciclastic at the bottom which is covered by
limestone deposits with a total thickness of about 700
m. Shallowing-upward is thought to have formed as a
response from progradasai to the south (towards the
Bogor Basin) from the exposure of the North West
Java Basin at the Middle-Late Miocene age.
However, there was no fluvial incision indicator in
the exposure section. This progradation is thought to
be formed at the time of the highstand
stage(Abdurrokhim, 2017).
The Jatiluhur Formation, Middle-Upper Miocene, is
characterized by a succession that extends upward
from the middle of the formation, which then deepens
again. This succession is deposited as a response to
the shallow sea surface rotation, then deep again.
This formation can be grouped into a falling stage
system tract, a lowstand system tract and a
transgressive system tract (Abdurrokhim, 2017).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The Gunung Walat Formation consists of
conglomerates, brownish white, inverse grading,
various materials, quartz, flanges, and 3 m diameter
igneous rock fragments, open container, matrix of
silica, angular rounded - rounded out, bad sorting. On
top of that, the Batuasih Formation is 36 m thick. The
lower part of the Batuasih Formation consists of clay
black clay, containing a lot of clay ball with a
diameter of 5 cm.
The middle part consists of claystone, blackish gray,
contains a lot of clayball with a diameter of 5-7 cm,
there are calcite veins. At the top of the claystone is
found blackish gray, flake, brittle, there are calcite
veins, also limestone inserts, blackish gray, smooth,
hard, in the form of a channel with a layer thickness
of 5-15 cm. Meanwhile, the observation of the
Batuasih Formation was also carried out in the hills
around Batuasih Village. Here, the rock consists of
claystone, black, brittle. The Batuasih Formation is
overlaid by unconformity by the limestone of the
Rajamandala Formation, which is grayish-white,
compact, and solid.
 UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GEODINAMIKA 2018
PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA
Figure 6 geological map of the study area (Praptisih, Kamtono,
Putra, P. S., Hendrizan, 2009a)
In the Batuasih area, Sekarwangi Village, as
many as six examples of claystone Batuasih
Formation have been analyzed. The TOC content is
0.65 - 1.06%, indicating moderate to good potential
for forming hydrocarbons (Waples D.W., 1985).
Table 1Results of Analysis of TOC and Pyrolysis of Rock-Eval in
Sukabumi 2008
Source rock can be said to be in a mature level
if the Tmaks value of the analysis results > 435oC or
the Production Index (PI) of 0.1(Waples D.W.,
1985).
The results of analysis on the pyrolysis Rock-Eval
pyrolysis from the Batuasih location showed a T-
maks value of between 436 - 439oC, including
mature. Five examples taken from the Cibatu
location, as many as four examples have a Tmaks
value between 431 - 434oC, which includes the
immature category because the value is < 435oC,
while the other sample has the value Tmaks 439o C,
which includes the initial mature category (Praptisih,
Kamtono, Putra, P. S., Hendrizan, 2009b).
The PI value in the Batuasih Formation clay samples
in the study area ranged from 0.17 - 0.30, so that it
can be declared mature (Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P.
S., Hendrizan, 2009b).
The quality of the hydrocarbon source rock
model of the Batuasih Formation clay in the study
area based on HI values of 118 - 191 mg HC / TOC,
is included in the prone gas category (Rad, 1984).
While according to Waples (1985), HI values <150
mg HC / TOC can produce small amounts of gas, but
HI values of 191 mg HC / TOC can produce small
amounts of oil and gas (Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P.
S., Hendrizan, 2009b).
CONCLUSIONS
Bogor Basin located in western Java is one of
the basins used in paleogeography analysis of the
formation of the island of Java. Bogor basin was
formed in the Early Oligocene with its oldest deposits
is namely Walat Formation that have conglomerate
rock lithology. Bogor basin formation is influenced
by subduction between the Eurasian plate and the
Indian oceanic plate which results in the formation of
the Bogor Basin. In this basin an anticlonorium
structure is formed.
Bogor Basin filled with sedimentary rocks both
marine and terrestrial which can trigger the formation
of hydrocarbons. Subang Formation and Cantayan
Formation has the potential to become a seal rock or
caprock. Baturaja Formation, Cibulakan formation,
and Parigi formation have the potential to be good
reservoirs because they have lithology such as
limestone and marl which can have good porosity.
Batuasih Formation has the potential to become a
source rock. Based on the results of the discussion
above, the Batuasih Formation has good maturity and
good organic content (TOC) to produce
hydrocarbons. however, from several samples that
have been analyzed, the Batuasih formation can be a
source rock but in small or limited quantities.
 UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER GEODINAMIKA 2018
PRODI TEKNIK GEOLOGI, UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA

REFERENCES

Abdurrokhim. (2017). Stratigrafi Sikuen Formasi

Jatiluhur di Cekungan Bogor , Jawa Barat, 15,
167–172.
Martodjojo, S. (1984). Evolusi Cekungan Bogor,
(Doctoral Thesis).
Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P. S., Hendrizan, M.
(2009a). BATUAN INDUK ( SOURCE ROCK
) HIDROKARBON DI SUB CEKUNGAN
BOGOR BAGIAN SELATAN , JAWA
BARAT, 183–192.
Praptisih, Kamtono, Putra, P. S., Hendrizan, M.
(2009b). Karakteristik Batuan Sumber ( Source
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daerah Sukabumi , Jawa Barat, 4(3), 167–175.
Satyana, A. H., & Armandita, C. (2006).
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INDONESIA: REGIONAL EVALUATION
ON OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS,
(INDONESIAN PETROLEUM
ASSOCIATION Proceedings, Deepwater And
Frontier Exploration In Asia & Australasia
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Van Bemmelen, R. W. (1949). The Geology of
Indonesia, 1A.
Waples D.W. (1985). Geochemistry in Petroleum
Exploration, (International Human Resources
Developmen Co.), 232.