10| Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ ‡gv: kvn& Rvgvj

mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )

(Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory of Gases) we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR XvKv
‡dvb: 01670 856105, 9125630, 9115369

10| Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 5| ‡Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkivsK 7.4°C Ges Kÿ ZvcgvÎv 18.6°C|
1| ‡Kvb M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 3×10-10 m Ges cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i AYyi Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv wbY©q Ki| [7°C, 8°C, 18°C I 19°C ZvcgvÎvq
msL¨v 6×1020 n‡j AYyi Mo gy³ c_ wbY©q Ki| m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc h_vµ‡g 7.5 ×10-3 m, 8.2 ×10-3 m, 15.6
×10-3 m Ges 16.5 ×10-3 m cvi`|]
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
-10
e¨vm, σ  3  10 m 7°C ‡_‡K 8°C A_©vr
1
λ cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i Abyi msL¨v,
π n σ2 1°C ZvcgvÎv evo‡j ev®ú Pvc ev‡o = (8.27.5)10-3 m cvi`|
n = 6×10 20 /m3
1  0.4°CÓ Ó Ó Ó Ó = 0.7×10-3 ×0.4 m cvi`|
λ Mo gy³c_, ?
3.14  6  10  (3  10-10 ) 2
20
0.28×10-3 m cvi`| 

al
 λ  5.8910 3 m (Ans.)  7.4°C ZvcgvÎvq A_©vr
wkwkivs‡K m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc f = (7.5+0.28)10-3 m cvi`|

am
= 7.78×10-3m cvi`|
2| ‡Kvb M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 3×10-10 cm Ges cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i AYyi
Avevi, 18°C ‡_‡K 19°C A_©vr
msL¨v 6×1020 n‡j AYyi Mo gy³ c_ wbY©q Ki|
1°C ZvcgvÎv evo‡j ev®ú Pvc ev‡o = (16.5 -15.6)10-3 m
GLv‡b,

m J
Avgiv Rvwb, cvi`|
e¨vm,  =3×1010cm  0.6°CÓ Ó Ó Ó Ó = 0.9×10-3×0.6 m cvi`|

co ah
1 =3×10 12 m
λ 0.54×10-3 m cvi`| 
π n σ2 cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i Abyi msL¨v,
 18.6°C ZvcgvÎvq A_©vr
1 n = 6×1020 /m3

4. h
λ evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc F = (15.6+0.54)10-3m cvi`
3.14 6 10  (310 -12) 2
20
Mo gy³c_ ? = 16.14 ×10-3 m cvi`|
 λ  58 .976 m (Ans.)
d2 d S
f
 Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv R   100% 
3| †Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkiv¼ 10°C I Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv 67.30% | F
7.78  10 -3
ub M

H w`‡bi evqyi m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc KZ? [10°C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ R  100%
Rjxq ev®ú Pvc 13.64×10-3 mHg]  16.14  10 -3 
 R  48.2 % (Ans.)
ed @

Avgiv Rvwb,
GLv‡b,
f wkwkiv‡¼ ev®úPvc, 6| 0°C ZvcgvÎvq ‡Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 3×105 Pa n‡j 60°C ZvcgvÎvq
R  100%
F f = 13.64×10-3 mHg Gi Pvc KZ?
ht

13.64103 evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc,

 67.3%  100 % F = ? Avgiv Rvwb,
ig

F Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv, R = 67.30% GLv‡b,

3 P1V1 P2 V2 Pvc, P1 = 3×105 Pa
13.6410 
yr

F 100 T1 T2 ZvcgvÎv, T1 =0ºC=(0+273)=

67.3
PVT 273K
 F  20.27 103 mHg (Ans.)  P2  1 1 2
op

AvqZb, V1 = V2 = V= ?
V2 T1 ZvcgvÎv, T2
4| 0.64m cvi` ¯Í¤¢ Pv‡c Ges 39°C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi 3  105  V  333 =60ºC=(60+273)= 333K
C

AvqZb 5.7 ×10-4 m3 | cÖgvY Pvc I ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb  P2  Pvc, P2=?
V  273
KZ?
 P2  3.66  105 Pa (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, 7| ‡Kvb GKw`b wm³ I ﮋ evj&e Av`©ªZvgvcK h‡š¿i ﮋ evj&e Gi cvV
P1V1 P2 V2 Pvc, P1 = 0.64 m Hg
 30°C Ges wm³ evj&e Gi cvV 28°C| Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv wbY©q Ki|
T1 T2 ZvcgvÎv, T1 30°C G †MøBmv‡ii Drcv`K 1.65 Ges 26°C, 28°C Ges 30°C
PVT =39ºC=(39+273)= 312K ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxqev®ú Pvc h_vµ‡g 25.25×10-3m, 28.45×10-
 V2  1 1 2 AvqZb, V1 = 5.7 ×10-4 m3 3
T1P2 m Ges 31.85×10-3m cvi` Pvc |
Pvc, P2 =0.76 m Hg
0.64 5.7 10 4 273 ZvcgvÎv, T2 = 273K ﮋ evj&e Gi cvV 1= 30°C A_©vr evqyi ZvcgvÎv = 30°C
 V2 
312 0.76 AvqZb, V2 =? wm³ evj&e Gi cvV 2 = 28°C
V2  4.2 10 4 m3 (Ans.) †MøBmv‡ii Drcv`K G = 1.65

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 Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 2
-1 -1
awi wkwkivsK =  9| hw` R = 8.31 JK mol nq Z‡e 72cm cvi` Pv‡c Ges 27°C
ZvcgvÎvq 20g Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb wbY©q Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
1  G (1-2) Avgiv Rvwb, M¨vm ayªeK, R=8.31 JK-1mol-1 Pvc,
P = 72cmHg
ev, 1 G (1-2) PV  nRT = 0.72 mHg
ev,   1.65 () RT = 0.72×13.6×103×9.8 Pa
ev, V  n = 95961.6 Pa
ev,    P ZvcgvÎv, T = 27 ºC
20 8.31  300
  °C ev, V   = (27+273)K=300K
32 95961.6 20
evqyi ZvcgvÎv 30°C G m¤ú„³ Rjxqev®ú Pvc F = 31.85×10- ‡ gvjmsL¨v, n 
3  V  16.236963 10 3 m 3 (Ans.) 32
m cvi` AvqZb, V = ?
26°C ‡_‡K 28°C A_©vr 10| ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c bvB‡UÖv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 1.25Kg- m-3 n‡j
2°C ZvcgvÎv evo‡j ev®ú Pvc ev‡o = (28.4525.25)10-3 m

al
100°C ZvcgvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki|
cvi`| GLv‡b,
3.2  10 -3

am
ev,1°C Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó = m cvi`| Avgiv Rvwb, ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 0ºC =273 K
2  NbZ¡,  = 1.25Kg-m-3
-3
ev, 0.7°C Ó = 3.2  10  0.7 m cvi`| 1T1 ZvcgvÎv T2 = 100ºC=373 K
Ó Ó Ó ÕÕ  2 
2 T2 P =1.013×105Nm-2

m J
×10-3 m cvi`|   2 
1.25  273 C= ?
 °C ZvcgvÎvq A_©vr 373

co ah
3
wkwkivs‡K m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc f = (25.25 + )10-3 m  2 = 0.914879356 kg m
cvi`| Avevi,

4. h
= 26.37× 10-3 m cvi`| 3P 3  1.013  10 5
C   576.34 ms 1 (Ans.)
f
d2 d S ρ2 0.91487935 6
 Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv, R   100% 
F
11| 27°C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ †gvj wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki|
26.37  10 -3 (R= 8.31 JK-1 mol-1)
ev, R   100%
ub M

31.85  10 -3 GLv‡b,
 R  82.79 % (Ans.) Avgiv Rvwb, ZvcgvÎv T1 = 27ºC
=(273+27) K=300 K
ed @

3
8| ‡Kvb n«‡`i Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy E  RT R= 8.31 JK-1 mol-1
2
ey`&ey&`& AvqZ‡b cuvP¸b nq| evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 105 Nm-2 n‡j n«‡`i cÖwZ †gv‡j MwZkw³ E= ?
3
MfxiZv KZ? E  8.31  300J
ht

2
Avgiv Rvwb,  E = 3739.5 J
ig

GLv‡b awi,
P1V1 = P2V2
n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k ey`ey‡`i AvqZb, V1 = V 12| ‡Kvb n«‡`i Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy ey`&ey&‡`i&
ev, ( P2 + hg)V = P2×5V
yr

n«‡`i c„‡ô ey`ey‡`i AvqZb, V2 = 5 V e¨vm wZb ¸b nq| e¨v‡ivwgUv‡i cvi` ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZv 75cm n‡j n«‡`i
ev, P2 + hg = 5P2 cvwbi NbZ¡, 103 kg m-3 MfxiZv KZ? GLv‡b awi,
op

ev, hg = 5P2  P2 AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms-2 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k ey`ey‡`i e¨vm = 2x
 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k ey`ey‡`i e¨vmva©= x
ev, hg = 4P2 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k Pvc, = P1 Avgiv Rvwb, n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k ey`ey‡`i AvqZb, V1  4 x 3  V
4P n«‡`i c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc, P2 = 105 Pa 3
P1V1 = P2V2
C

ev, h  2 n«‡`i MfxiZv, h = ? n«‡`i c„‡ô ey`ey‡`i e¨vm = 6x

ρg ev, ( P2 + hg)V = P2×27V n«‡`i c„‡ô ey`ey‡`i e¨vmva©=3x
P1 = P2 + h MfxiZvq cvwbi Pvc n«‡`i c„‡ô ey`ey‡`i AvqZb, V2 
ev, P2 + hg = 27P2
4
π(3x) 3
4  10 5  P1 = P2 + hg 3

ev, h  3 ev, hg = 27P2  P2 V2  27  43 πx  27V 3

10  9.8 cvwbi NbZ¡, 103 kg m3

ev, hg = 26P2
 h  40.81 m (Ans.) AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms-2
26P2 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k Pvc, = P1
ev, h  n«‡`i c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc,
ρg P2 =0 .75×13596×9.8 Pa
26  99930.6 = 99930.6Pa
ev, h  3
n«‡`i MfxiZv, h = ?
10  9.8 P1 = P2 + h MfxiZvq cvwbi Pvc
h  265.122 m (Ans.)  P1 = P2 + hg

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 Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 3
13| ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb Ave× M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ 16| GKwU ﮋ I Av`ª evj&e nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡i h‡š¿i ﮋ I Av`ª ev‡j¦i
0.0892Kg m-3 n‡j M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 20°C I 12°C n‡j wkwkivsK I Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv
wbY©q Ki| (20°C G †MøBmv‡ii Drcv`K 1.79 Ges 20°C Ges
Avgiv Rvwb, 5.68°C ZvcgvÎvq Rjxq ev‡®úi m‡e©v”P Pvc h_vµ‡g 17.6 mmHg
GLv‡b,
3P Ges 6.856 mmHg )
C ZvcgvÎv, T = 0ºC =273 K
ρ ﮋ evj&e Gi cvV 1= 20°C A_©vr evqyi ZvcgvÎv = 20°C
NbZ¡,  = 0.0892Kg m-3
P =1.013×105Nm-2 wm³ evj&e Gi cvV 2 = 12°C
3  1.013  105
C Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j C =? †MøBmv‡ii Drcv`K G = 1.79
0.0892 awi wkwkivsK = 
3 1.013 105 Avgiv Rvwb,
C
0.0892 1  G (1-2)
ev, 1 G (1-2)

al
 C  1845.79 ms  1 (Ans.)
14| ‡Kvb M¨vm AYy¸‡jvi Mo gy³ c_ 6×10-8 m I AYyi e¨vm ev,  20 -1.79 (20-12)

am
2.5×10-10 m, cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i AYyi msL¨ wbY©q Ki| ev, 20 14. 32
GLv‡b,   5.68°C
Avgiv Rvwb, evqyi ZvcgvÎv 20°C G m¤ú„³ Rjxqev®ú Pvc, F = 17.6 mmHg
e¨vm, σ  2.5 10 -10 m wkwkivsK 5.68 °C G m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc, f = 6.856 mmHg

m J
1 Mo gy³c_, 6×10-8 m
λ 2 f
πnσ cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i Abyi msL¨v, n= ?  Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv, R   100% 

co ah
1 F
n 6.856
π λσ 2 ev, R   100%

4. h
1 17.6
n  R  38.95 % (Ans.)
3.14  6 10-8  (2.5  10-10 ) 2
d2 d S
 n  8 . 49  10 25
/m 3 (Ans.) &DËi : wkwkivsK =5.68°C I Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv = 38.95 %

17| w¯’i Pv‡c KZ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨vm AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j

15| ‡Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkivsK 7.6°C Ges Kÿ ZvcgvÎv 16°C|
ub M

¯^vfvweK Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji wظY n‡e?

Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv wbY©q Ki| [7°C, 8°C I 16°C ZvcgvÎvq
m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc h_vµ‡g 7.5 ×10-3 m, 8 ×10-3 m Ges
3RT1
ed @

13.5 ×10-3 m cvi`|] Avgiv Rvwb, C1  .........(1)

M
GLv‡b,
7°C ‡_‡K 8°C A_©vr 3RT2
I C2  cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎv ,
ht

1°C ZvcgvÎv evo‡j ev®ú Pvc ev‡o = (87.5)10-3 m cvi`| ....(2)

M T1 = 273K
 0.6°CÓ Ó Ó Ó Ó = 0.5×10-3 ×0.6 m cvi`|
†kl ZvcgvÎv, T2 =?
ig

0.3×10-3 m cvi`|  C T2 2C1 T2

 2    C2 = 2C1
 7.6°C ZvcgvÎvq A_©vr C1 T1 C1 T1
yr

wkwkivs‡K m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc f = (7.5+0.3)10-3 m cvi`| T2 T

= 7.8×10-3m cvi`| 4 4 2
op

T1 273
16°C ZvcgvÎvq A_©vr
evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvc F = 13.5 ×10-3 m T2  4  273K  1092 K ( Ans.)
cvi`|
C

f 18| ‡Kvb M¨vm AYyi e¨vmva© 3.9×10-10 m Ges cÖwZ Nb †mw›UwgUv‡i

 Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv R   100%  AYyi msL¨v 2.69×1019 n‡j AYyi Mo gy³ c_ wbY©q Ki|
F
GLv‡b,
7.8 10 -3 Avgiv Rvwb,
  R  100% e¨vm, σ  2  3.9  10 -10 m
13.5 10 -3 1  σ  2  3.9  10-10  100 cm
 R  57.78 % (Ans.) λ
π n σ2  σ  7.8  10-8 cm
1 cÖwZ Nb †mw›UwgUv‡i Abyi msL¨v,
λ 19 -8 2
3.14  2.69  10  (7.8  10 ) n = 2.69×1019/cm3
6 Mo gy³c_, ?
 λ  1.9410 cm
 λ  1.9510 8 m (Ans.)

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 Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 4
-3
19| ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c bvB‡UÖv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 1.25Kg- m 21| mgAvqZ‡bi cvwb I GKwU Zij c`v‡_©i fi h_vµ‡g 0.3kg Ges
n‡j Gi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| 0.2kg| Zv‡`i GKB K¨vjwiwgUv‡i ci ci †i‡L 50°C †_‡K 30°C-G
kxZj Ki‡Z h_vµ‡g 600s Ges 300s mgq jv‡M| K¨vjwiwgU‡ii
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, ZvcaviKZ¡ 42 Jkg-1 n‡j Zi‡ji Av‡cwÿK Zvc wbY©q Ki| [ cvwbi
3P 3  1.013  10 5 ZvcgvÎv, T = 0ºC =273 K Av‡cwÿK Zvc 4200Jkg-1K-1 ] GLv‡b,
C  NbZ¡,  = 1.25Kg-m-3
ρ 1.25
C  493 . 07 ms 1
(Ans.)
P =1.013×105Nm-2 GLv‡b,
C= ? K¨vjwiwgUv‡ii ZvcaviKZ¡, m1s1 = 42 JK-1
cvwbi fi, m2 = 0.3 kg
20| 250gm f‡ii GKwU Zvgvi K¨vjwiwgUv‡i ivLv 5gm cvwb cvwbi Avt Zvc, s2 = 4200 Jkg-1K-1
60°C n‡Z 40°C ZvcgvÎvq kxZj n‡Z 80 †m‡KÛ mgq jv‡M| cvwbi mgq, t2 = 600 Sec
GKB K¨vjwiwgUv‡i mgvb AvqZ‡bi 6gm f‡ii †Kvb Zij c`v_© K¨jwiwgUvi I cvwbi ZvcgvÎv cv_©K¨ =°C =

al
60°C n‡Z 40°C ZvcgvÎvq kxZj n‡Z mgq jv‡M 70 †m‡KÛ| K¨jwiwgUvi I Zi‡ji ZvcgvÎv cv_©K¨, °C = 2°C
Zij c`v_©wUi Av‡cwÿK Zvc wbY©q Ki| [Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc Zi‡ji fi, m= 0.2kg

am
380Jkg-1K-1 cvwbi Av.Zvc 4200Jkg-1K-1] Zi‡ji mgq, t1 = 300 Sec
Zi‡ji Avt Zvc, s =?
GLv‡b, Avgiv Rvwb,

m J
K¨vjwiwgUv‡i fi, m1 = 250gm = 0.25 Kg K¨jwiwgUvi I Zij KZ…K Zvc n«v‡mi nvi =
cvwbi fi, m2 = 5gm = 0.005 kg K¨jwiwgUvi I cvwb KZ…K Zvc n«v‡mi nvi

co ah
Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc, s1 = 380 Jkg-1K-1 m 1 s1 (θ1  θ 2 )  ms(θ1  θ 2 ) m 1 s1 (θ1  θ 2 )  m 2 s 2 (θ1  θ 2 )
cvwbi Avt Zvc, s2 = 4200 Jkg-1K-1 
t1 t2

4. h
cvwbi mgq, t2 = 80 Sec m 1 s 1  ms m 1s1  m 2s 2
 
K¨jwiwgUvi I cvwbi ZvcgvÎv cv_©K¨, = °C =
d2 d S t1 t2
K¨jwiwgUvi I Zi‡ji ZvcgvÎv cv_©K¨,°C = 20°C 42  0.2  s 42  0.3  4200
Zi‡ji fi, m = 6gm = 0.006kg  
300 600
ub M

Zi‡ji mgq, t1 = 70 Sec 42  0.2  s 42  1260

Zi‡ji Avt Zvc, s = ?  
1 2
Avgiv Rvwb,
ed @

K¨jwiwgUvi I Zij KZ…K Zvc n«v‡mi nvi =

1302
 42  0.2s 
K¨jwiwgUvi I cvwb KZ…K Zvc n«v‡mi nvi 2
m 1 s1 (θ1  θ 2 )  ms(θ1  θ 2 ) m 1 s1 (θ1  θ 2 )  m 2s 2 (θ1  θ 2 )  0.2s  651  42
ht

 609
t1 t2 s
0.2
ig

m 1 s1  ms m 1s1  m 2 s 2  s  3045 Jkg 1K 1 (Ans.)

 
yr

t1 t2
0.25  380  0.006  s 0.25  380  0.005  4200
 
op

70 80
95  0.006  s 95  21
 
70 80
C

116  70
 95  0.006s 
80
 0.006s  101.5  95
6. 5
s
0.006
 s  1083.33Jkg 1K 1 (Ans.)

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