Art of Problem Solving

ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

Stoichiometry and Gas Laws

1.
....C10 H12 O4 S(s) + ....O2 (g) −−→ ....CO2 (g) + ....SO2 (g) + ....H2 O(g)
When the reaction above is balanced and the coefficients are reduced to the lowest possible whole
numbers, the coefficient for O2 (g) is
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 12
(D) 14
(E) None of the above
2. A typical polyethylene bag from a grocery store weighs 14.0 g. How many molecules of ethylene, C2 H4 ,
must be polymerized to make such a bag?
(A) 8.43 × 1024
(B) 1.20 × 1024
(C) 6.02 × 1023
(D) 3.01 × 1023
(E) 1.50 × 1023
3.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) −−→ MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
According to the reaction above, how many liters of hydrogen gas would be released upon reaction of
6.00 g of magnesium metal with excess hydrochloric acid at 25.0◦ C and 1.00 atm?
(A) 3.02 L
(B) 6.04 L
(C) 12.1 L
(D) 24.2 L
(E) None of the above
4. A child at ground level (20.0◦ C and 1.00 atm) accidentally lets go of a 2.00-liter balloon. The balloon
floats to an altitude where the temperature is 10.0◦ C and the air pressure is 0.940 atm. What is the
new volume of the balloon? (You may assume that the pressure exerted by the skin of the balloon is
negligible compared to the atmosphere.)
(A) 0.940 L
(B) 1.06 L
(C) 2.06 L
(D) 2.20 L
(E) None of the above
5.
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) −−→ 2H2 O(g)
A mixture of gases containing 0.40 mol of H2 and 0.60 mol of O2 in a 7.0 L flask reacts to form H2 O
at 120◦ C. What is the pressure in the flask after the reaction has gone to completion?

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 Art of Problem Solving
ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

0.40(0.0821)(393)
(A) 7.0 atm
0.80(0.0821)(393)
(B) 7.0 atm
1.20(0.0821)(393)
(C) 7.0 atm
0.40(0.0821)(120)
(D) 7.0 atm
0.80(0.0821)(120)
(E) 7.0 atm

Redox Reactions

6.
....H+ (aq) + ....MnO4− (aq) + ....SO32− (aq) −−→ ....Mn2+ (aq) + ....SO42− (aq) + ....H2 O(g)
When the reaction above is balanced and the coefficients are reduced to the lowest possible whole
numbers, the coefficient for H+ is

(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 12
(D) 14
(E) None of the above

7. When a solution of Na2 SO3 reacts with a solution of KIO3 , what sort of reaction would you expect to
happen?

(A) The Na2 SO3 reduces the KIO3

(B) The KIO3 reduces the Na2 SO3
(C) No reaction; both Na2 SO3 and KIO3 are in their highest oxidation states
(D) No reaction; both Na2 SO3 and KIO3 are in their lowest oxidation states

8. Which of the following reactions would be considered a disproportionation?

(A) 2 H2 O −−→ H3 O+ + OH–
(B) 2 H2 + O2 −−→ 2 H2 O
(C) 2 H2 O2 −−→ O2 + 2 H2 O
(D) H2 O2 + H2 −−→ 2 H2 O

Atomic and Molecular Structure

9. Which of the following molecules has two unshared pairs of electrons on the central atom?
(A) H2 S
(B) PH3
(C) SiH4
(D) HCN
(E) CS2
10. Which of the following molecules have planar configurations?

I XeO3

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 Art of Problem Solving
ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

II CCl4
III BCl3

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only
(F) II and III only
(G) I, II, and III

11. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, l, ml , ms ) could describe the valence electron of
highest energy in a ground-state indium atom (atomic number 49)?

(A) (5, 0, 0, 12 )
(B) (5, 0, 1, 12 )
(C) (5, 1, 1, 12 )
(D) (5, 1, 2, 12 )
(E) (5, 2, 0, 12 )

Ionization Energies
for Element Y (kJ/mol)
First 787
12. Second 1577
Third 3232
Fourth 4356
Fifth 16090
The ionization energies for element Y are tabulated above. Based on this data, element Y is most
likely to be
(A) Na
(B) Mg
(C) Al
(D) Si
(E) P
13. Which comparison demonstrates that ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds?

(A) The melting point of NaCl (808◦ C) is higher than the melting point of sugar (186◦ C).
(B) The solubility of NaCl in water and the solubility of sugar in water are both very high.
(C) NaCl does not burn, while sugar caramelizes and chars readily when burned.
(D) A solution of NaCl can be electrolyzed to generate chlorine gas, while a solution of sugar does not
even conduct electricity.
(E) None of the above

14. The city government in Wasilla, Alaska has hired you as a scientific consultant to help them remove ice
from the sidewalks. Given equal masses of the following substances, which one would you recommend
to be most effective at removing the ice?

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 Art of Problem Solving
ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

(A) Glucose (C6 H12 O6 , MW = 180 g/mol)

(B) NaBr (MW = 103 g/mol)
(C) KNO3 (MW = 101 g/mol)
(D) CaCl2 (MW = 111 g/mol)
(E) They are all equally effective.

Kinetics

131 131
15. If 93.75 percent of a sample of pure I decays in 32 days, what is the half-life of I?
(A) 6 days
(B) 8 days
(C) 12 days
(D) 14 days
(E) 16 days
Initial [NO] Initial [O2 ] Initial Rate of Formation
(M) (M) of NO2 (M/s)
16. 0.10 0.10 2.5 × 10−4
0.20 0.40 8.0 × 10−3
0.40 0.10 1.0 × 10−3
The initial-rate data in the table above was collected for the reaction shown below. What is the rate
law for the formation of NO2 (g)?

2NO(g) + O2 (g) −−→ NO2 (g)

(A) Rate = k[NO][O2 ]

(B) Rate = k[NO]2 [O2 ]
(C) Rate = k[NO][O2 ]2
(D) Rate = k[NO]2 [O2 ]2
(E) Rate = k[NO]2 [O2 ]1/2

Solutions and Equilibrium

17. What volume of 0.300-molar HNO3 is required to neutralize 50.0 milliliters of 0.240-molar Ca(OH)2 ?
(A) 40.0 mL
(B) 60.0 mL
(C) 80.0 mL
(D) 120. mL
(E) 160. mL
18.
2CO(g) + O2 (g) −
↽−⇀
−− 2CO2 (g)
When 0.80 mole of CO and 1.20 mole of O2 are placed in an evacuated 2.00-liter flask, the reac-
tion represented above occurs. After the reactants and the product reach equilibrium and the initial
temperature is restored, the flask is found to contain 0.60 mole of CO2 . Based on these results, the
expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc , of the reaction is

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 Art of Problem Solving
ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

(0.30)2
(A) (0.45)(0.10)2
(0.30)2
(B) (0.60)(0.40)2
(2×0.30)
(C) (0.45)(2×0.10)
(0.30)
(D) (0.45)(0.10)
(0.30)
(E) (0.60)(0.40)

19. What is the concentration of OH– in an aqueous 0.05 M solution of HCN? (The Ka for HCN is
5.0 × 10−10 .)
(A) 4.0 × 10−4
(B) 4.0 × 10−5
(C) 2.0 × 10−5
(D) 2.0 × 10−9
(E) 2.0 × 10−11
20. What is the molar solubility in water of Ag2 CO3 ? (The Ksp for Ag2 CO3 is 8 × 10−12 .)
(A) 8 × 10−12 M
(B) 2√× 10−12 M
(C) √ 4 × 10−12 M
3
(D) √ 4 × 10−12 M
3
(E) 2 × 10−12 M

Thermodynamics

21.
N2 (g) + 3F2 (g) −−→ 2NF3 (g)
The reaction above is thermodynamically spontaneous at 298 K, but becomes nonspontaneous at higher
temperatures. Which of the following statements is true at 298 K?
(A) ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S are all positive.
(B) ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S are all negative.
(C) ∆G and ∆H are positive, but ∆S is negative.
(D) ∆G and ∆S are negative, but ∆H is positive.
(E) ∆G and ∆H are negative, but ∆S is positive.
22. The thermodynamics of protein-folding is a hot topic of current research. Consider a prototypical
protein folding reaction which occurs inside your cells:

Unfolded Protein −
↽−⇀
−− Folded Protein

Suppose further that the folded protein is lower in entropy (more ordered) than the unfolded protein.
If ∆G is negative under cellular conditions, which of the following must be true?
I ∆H is negative.
II Under equilibrium conditions, [Folded Protein] > [Unfolded Protein].
III The rate of the protein-folding reaction is so fast that no enzyme is needed.

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 Art of Problem Solving
ChemWOOT 2017–2018
Diagnostic Exam

(A) None of the above

(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) I and II only
(F) II and III only
(G) I and III only
(H) I, II, and III