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FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.
displacement s
average velocity = v=
time t
change in velocity (v − u )
acceleration = a=
time t
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[1 mark]
small puck
large puck
The small puck has a mass of 0.15 kg and the large puck has a mass of 0.25 kg.
The small puck is travelling at 3 m/s.
(a) Calculate its momentum. Give the unit.
momentum = …………………………
[3 marks]
Tiny jets of air are emitted from the surface of the table.
(b) Explain the purpose of these air jets.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) The small puck hits the large puck with a force of 20 N.
(i) State the size and direction of the reaction force.
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[1 mark]
(a) Complete the diagram below to show accurately all the forces acting on the osprey.
lift
thrust
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Which force must the osprey increase to accelerate forwards?
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[1 mark]
Force = …………………………………………………………
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[2 marks] {17}
(iii) When the osprey catches a fish, she grips it so that the fish points forwards.
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[1 mark]
(c) The diagram below shows the vertical forces as the osprey rises with her catch.
lift
25 N
Lift = ………………………… N
[2 mark]
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BONUS QUESTION
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Crash tests are important for improving the safety characteristics of cars.
Data is collected using data loggers.
The following graph is obtained during one such test by crashing a car on a wall.
velocity 20
(m/s)
15
10
0 time (s)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-5
-10
(b) How long did the actual crash (contact with the wall) last for? ……………………………………………
[1 mark]
The driver’s torso (upper part of the body) is approximated to have a mass of 40 kg.
(c) Calculate the momentum of the torso immediately before and after the crash.
Immediately before: Immediately after:
change in momentum
Average force =
time taken
(d) Calculate the average force acting on the driver during the crash.
Force = …………………………
[2 marks]
One of the effects of crumple zones is that they allow the car to stop in a collision instead of bouncing back.
(e) Explain why if the car does not bounce back but stops over the same collision time the force that the
driver experiences decreases.
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[2 marks]
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[1 mark]
END
SQ PAPER 7