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ABSTRACT : The study was carried out using the UAV for analyzing the characteristics of debris in order to
present the methodology to estimate the quantitative amount of debris caught in small river facilities. A total of
six small rivers that maintained the form of a natural river were selected for collecting UAV images, and the
grouping of each target in the image was carried out using the object-based classification method, and based on
the object-based classification result of the UAV images, the land cover classification for the status of factors
causing the generation of debris for six target sections was carried out by applying the screen digitizing method.
In addition, in order to verify the accuracy of the classification result, the error matrix was performed, securing
the reliability of the result. The accuracy analysis result showed that for all six target sections, the overall
accuracy was 93.95% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.93, showing an excellent result.
Table 1.Characteristics of Dji Inspire 1 compactness. Fig. 1 shows the UAV images for the
2.935kg
six basins, and Fig. 2 shows the object-based
Weight
Maximum flying
classification result of the representative sections
22m/s
speed among the six basins.
Flying time 18min
Operating
- 10 ∼ 40℃
temperature
Flying distance 2000m
(d) Seogokcheon-1
(e) Amgolcheon-1
(f) Deoksancheon-1
(c) Land cover classification map of Pyeongchoncheon Table 3. Land cover classification result of
Bonggokcheon(2) using UAVimages
Structure 184.63 9.94 The accuracy analysis result for the target areas
River bed (gravel) 142.89 7.70
showed that in the case of Bonggokcheon(1), the
overall accuracy (OA) was 98.33% and the Kappa
River bed (sand) 270.2 14.55
coefficient was 0.98 (Excellent) as the accuracy
Others 5.89 0.32 analysis result, showing an excellent result. In the
Total 1,856.98 100.00 case of Bonggokcheon(2), the overall accuracy
(OA) was 90% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.88
(Excellent) as the accuracy analysis result, showing
an excellent result. In the case of
Pyeongchoncheon, the overall accuracy (OA) was
93.33% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.92
(Excellent) as the accuracy analysis result, showing
an excellent result. In the case of Seogokcheon, the
overall accuracy (OA) was 95% and the Kappa Pyeongchoncheon (Error matrix)
coefficient was 0.94 (Excellent) as the accuracy Reference data (field investigation and visual reading)
analysis result, showing an excellent result. Land cover
River bed
River User’s
classification data bed Others Facility Grass Tree Waters Total accuracy
In the case of Amgolcheon, the overall accuracy (gravel)
(sand) (%)
(OA) was 91.43% and the Kappa coefficient was River bed
10 - - - - - - 10 100.0
(gravel)
0.90 (Excellent) as the accuracy analysis result, River bed
- 8 - - 2 - - 10 80.0
showing an excellent result. In the case of (sand)
Others - - 8 1 1 - - 10 80.0
Deoksancheon, the overall accuracy (OA) was
Facility - - - 10 - - - 10 100.0
95.71% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.95 Land cover
Grass - - - - 10 - - 10 100.0
classification
(Excellent) as the accuracy analysis result, showing Tree - - - - - - - - -
an excellent result (Tables 9 ~14). For all six target Waters - - - - - - 10 10 100.0
Total 10 8 8 11 13 - 10 60 -
sections, the overall accuracy was 93.95% and the
User’s
Kappa coefficient was 0.93 (Excellent), showing an accuracy 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.9 76.9 - 100.0 - -
(%)
excellent result (Table 15).
Overall accuracy (%) 93.33
Kappa coefficient 0.92 (Excellent)
(Error matrix) carried out for the status of factors causing the
Reference data (field investigation and visual reading) generation of debris on the target sections using the
Land cover River River User’s screen digitizing method. In addition, in order to
classification data bed bed Others Facility Grass Tree Waters Total accuracy
(gravel) (sand) (%) verify the accuracy of the classification result, the
River bed
9 1 - - - - - 10 90.0
error matrix was performed, securing the reliability
(gravel)
River bed
of the result. The accuracy analysis result showed
- 10 - - - - - 10 100.0
(sand) that for all six target sections, the overall accuracy
Others - - 9 - 1 - - 10 90.0
was 93.95% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.93
Facility - - - 10 - - - 10 100.0
Land cover (Excellent), showing an excellent result.
Grass - - - 1 9 - - 10 90.0
classification
Tree - - - - - 10 - 10 100.0
Waters - - - - - - 10 10 100.0 V. Acknowledgements
Total 9 11 9 11 10 10 10 70 - This research was supported by a
User’s
grant(16AWMP-B121100-01) from the Water
accuracy 100.0 90.9 100.0 90.9 90.0 100.0 100.0 - -
(%) Management Research Program funded by
Overall accuracy (%) 95.71
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of
Kappa coefficient 0.95 (Excellent)
Korean government.
Author Profile:
1. Kang JoonGu, Research Fellow, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea
Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Republic of Korea
2. Kim Jong Tae, Research Director, Nature & Technology Inc., Republic of Korea
3. Yeo HongKoo, Research Fellow, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea
Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Republic of Korea
Corresponding author:
Dr. Kim, Jong-Tae, email: jtkim@hi-nnt.com; Tel: (+82) 54 655 1816