Session 2018-19

FOUNDATION OF IT
(CODE 165)

PROJECT FILE
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Abhishek Pathak Mr. Ram Varshney Sir
 CERTIFICATE
It has been certified that ABHISHEK PATHAK
Studying in class 10th during the academic year
2018-19 has completed an investigatory project on
topic of “Database, HTML & XML” and has given
Satisfactory Account of this in my Project.

Teacher’s Sign External Examiner

 Acknowledgement
I would like to convey my heartful thanks to my
parents and Mr. Ramlal Varshney Sir My FIT
teacher who guided me through the project and also
gave valuable suggestion and guided for completion
of the project. He helps me to understand and
remember important detail of project, otherwise I
would lose them. My family also helps me to finish
up project in time limits.
 INDEX
1) Database Management System
i. Introduction & Advantages
ii. Creating Database in MS-Access
iii. Entering Data in Table
iv. Creating a Query using the Query Design
v. Creating a Query using a Wizard
2) Hypertext Markup Language
i. Using Image Tag
ii. Using <Pre> Tag
iii. Creating Table
iv. Creating Link
3) Extensible Markup Language
i. Program I
ii. Program II
 Database Management System
i. Introduction & Advantages
A database is a collection of related data organized in such a way so that it can be retrieved
efficiently and effectively. The data can be in numeric, alphanumeric or in any other
format. A database could be as simple as an alphabetic arrangement of names in an address
book. It can be as complex as a database that stores information in a combination of
formats. It is important that the data should be organized properly as only then will it be possible to
retrieve it efficiently.
A database management system (DBMS) is a software tool that makes it possible to
organize this data in a database.

Some important advantages of having a database:

I. Reducing Data Redundancy

The file based data management systems contained multiple files that were stored in
many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems. Because of this,
there were sometimes multiple copies of the same file which lead to data
redundancy. This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any
change in it is reflected immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of
encountering duplicate data.

II. Sharing of Data

In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There
are various levels of authorisation to access the data, and consequently the data can
only be shared based on the correct authorisation protocols being followed. Many
remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the data between
themselves.

III. Data Securitys

Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorised users should be allowed
to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username
and password. Unauthorised users should not be allowed to access the database
under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
IV. Privacy

The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access and a user can
only view the data he is allowed to. For example - In social networking sites, access
constraints are different for different accounts a user may want to access.
V. Data Consistency

Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy. All

data appears consistently across the database and the data is same for all the users
viewing the database. Moreover, any changes made to the database are immediately
reflected to all the users and there is no data inconsistency.

ii. Creating Database in MS-Access

You can create a new database in two different ways.
a) Create a blank database
b) Create a database from the available templates

Creating a Blank Database

1) Click on New → Blank Database. In the right pane, there is information
about the new blank database.
2) There is a box for giving a File name with a default name database1.accdb.
You can change the name and browse for the location to save by clicking on
the folder icon. Give a name to the database and click on OK. (Fig. 1)
3) Click on Create.
This will create a database and open an empty table named Table1 in the
Datasheet View.
You can see the table has a first column name ID and cursor is placed in the
first empty cell in the Click to Add column of the new table. (Fig. 2)
4) You can start entering the data in a way similar to the way you do in Excel.
You can also paste the data. Do not leave blank fields and rows, as it will waste
space in the table. You can click on tab to add a new row/record.
5) The table structure is created as you enter data. New fields will be created as
you add data in the column and click on the right arrow key.
6) ID column gets new values as you add new records and it is used as the
Primary Key.
 7) To rename the fields, double click on the field header (field1, field2 by default)
and give the desired name. We have given the same field names given in the
earlier Employee ID. Below shows the table with all the fields.
8) You can now enter all the records in the table.

Create a Database from a Templates

1) Click on the File tab and select New from the drop down menu. The
following screen is displayed.
2) Select Sample Templates from the options available. If you have used any
template recently, it will be seen the Recent Templates option. You can save
your own templates too, under My Templates for future use.
3) From the options provide under Sample Templates, select the one you want.
We have selected Contacts.
4) After selecting the database, give a name to it or accept the default name
provided in the name box. Click on the folder icon, if you want to browse to
change the location for saving the database.
5) Now, click on Create button to complete the creation of the database. Access
Creates the database and opens a table in the Datasheet View.

You can start entering the data in the table you have created.

iii. Entering Data in Table

1) Double click on the table in the navigation bar. The table opens in the Datasheet
view by default.
2) Click on the first field and enter the data.
3) Press TAB key or the Right Arrow key to go to the next field. You can also use
the mouse to go to the next column.(Fig. 4)

A new blank record is created automatically at the end of the table, as you enter data.

iv. Creating a Query

1) Select the Create tab on the Ribbon.

2) In the Queries group, click on Query Design.
3) Add Table dialog box will open showing you all the tables in the database. Select
the one you want. We have selected Student Table 2. Then click on Add. (Fig. 4)
You can repeat the process to add more tables.
4) In the next screen, you can see the fields of your table in a new window. To add
the fields you want to the Design Grid at the bottom of the screen, Click on the
 field and drag it to the pane below.

5) You can arrange the fields if you want by selecting and dragging the field to the
right or left.
6) You can also hide/show a field by clicking on the Show Check box. If it is
unselected, the field is hidden.
7) Set the search criteria by clicking the cell in the Criteria row of the field you want
to filter.
8) If you want another search criteria, then set that in the or row for the field. We
have added a criteria >60 in the Percent Field and in the Sort option of Name
Field, we have selected Ascending order.

v. Creating a Query using a Wizard

1) In the Create tab, click on Query Wizard.
2) New Query dialog box opens. Select the Simple Query Wizard and click on OK.
3) In the next Step 1of 3, select the table or query in the Tables/Queries box. You
can see the fields of the selected table in the Available fields box.
Add the fields from this box to the selected fields box one by one, by selecting it
and pressing the button or by just double clicking the selected field.
You can add all the fields by pressing the button.
You can remove one field or all fields from the selected fields box in the same
way. Click on Next. (Fig. 6)
4) In the Step 2 of 3, the wizard asks you to choose from Detail or Summary.
Select Detail and click on Next.
5) In Step 3 or 3 of Simple Query Wizard, you have to give a title to your query in
the “What Title do you want for your query box”. Keep the button “Open the
query to veiw information” selected. Click on the Finish button.
 Hypertext Markup Language
i. Using Image Tag
We can add pictures or graphics to your webpages in addition to text.
Code for inserting a image is :-

<html>
<body>

<h2>HTML Image</h2>
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500" height="600">

</body>
</html>
Output Fig. 7

ii. Using <PRE> Tag

The <pre> tag defines preformatted text. This means that it displays the text in the
browser as it is typed in the notepad.

Code for <pre> tag is :-

<html>
<body>

<pre>This tag is in PRE tag. </pre>

</body>
</html>
Output Fig. 8

iii. Creating Table

Code for creating a table is :-

<html>
<body>
 <table border=3 bordercolor=orange>
<caption>Student Table</caption>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Subject</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Amman</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>85/100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Arun</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>100/100</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

Output Fig. 9
iv. Creating Link
Code for creating a link is :-
<html>
<body>

<A href=“C:\Users\Guruji\Desktop\Parmish Verma.jpeg”>Parmish Verma</A>

</body>
</html>
Output Fig. 10
 Extensible Markup Language
i. Program I
******************CD Company******************

Title

Artist

Country
CD Company Catalog CD
Year

Price

Genre

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<cdcompany>T-Series
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>TERE TE</title>
<artist>GURU RANDHAWA FT. IKKA</artist>
<country>INDIA</country>
<year>2018</year>
<price>$18</price>
<genre>POP</genre>
</cd>
</catalog>
</cdcompany>

Output Fig.11
 ii. Program II
******************Book Store******************

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<bookstore>No 1. Bookstore
<book>
<name>THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA</name>
<publication>THE PENGUIN BOOKS LIT.</publication>
<price>RS. 400<price>
<author>
<authorname>MR. SANJAYA BARU</authorname>
<gender>MALE</gender>
<age>55</age>
</author>

</book>
</bookstore>

Output Fig. 12