COMMUNICATION
Generally defined as the exchange of thoughts,
ideas, concepts, and views between two or more
people, various contexts come into play
CONTEXT
It is the circumstance or environment in which
communication takes place.
CONTEXT
1. Physical or Actual Setting
2. Value positions of a speaker/listener
3. Relevance or appropriateness of message
conveyed
Communication may be classified according to
1. COMMUNICATION MODE
2. CONTEXT
3. PURPOSE & STYLE
Different contexts can impact one’s communication.
Each communication type is governed by a
particular circumstance. Thus, it is essential to pay
attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the
context of communication which may be physical,
cultural, social and psychological in nature.
Types of Communication according to MODE
1. Verbal – Non-Verbal communication
2. Visual communication
A message may be conveyed with these types.
Though communication is often thought of as
verbal, the non-verbal mode is equally essential as it
enhances one’s message.
Verbal-Non-Verbal Communication
 Effective communication calls for blending of
these two types.
Ex. Door-to-door salespersons who demonstrate
product knowledge can only be effective if they
know how to properly punctuate what they say with
proper gestures and facial expressions.
Visual Communication
 Uses visuals to convey information and/or
messages
 It can be achieved through digital mode or text.
 It now occupies an important place in any work
environment.
 How these symbols are interpreted is very
crucial in visual communication. There are some
instances when visual comm is classified under
non-verbal communication (persuasive
communication).
Ex. Signs, symbols, emojis, infographics, photos,
presentations, videos, etc.
Use Big Images To Show Your Ideas
Types of Communication according to CONTEXT
1. INTRAPERSONAL Communication
2. INTERPERSONAL Communication
3. EXTENDED Communication
4. ORGANIZATIONAL Communication
5. INTERCULTURAL Communication
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Latin; INTRA – within or inside
 Intrapersonal communication means talking
to oneself.
 Other labels include: self or inner talk, inner
monologue, or inner dialogue, self-
verbalization or self-statement
Reasons for Intrapersonal Comm:
• Boost confidence when nervous to speak in
front of an audience;
• Apprise yourself that you performed
• a good job; and
• Console yourself that you did a task poorly.
Self-talk can be advantageous as it can enable you
to practice what you ought to say in times when you
lack the motivation and confidence to speak. As you
respond to life’s challenges, you may also find
yourself verbalizing your thoughts and feelings. It is
then important to introspect, you are able to
improve on your decisions in life and likewise
enhance your self-worth as a person.
• You got this!
• Do I really wanna do this?
• Well done, YOU!
• You’ve come a long way. Nice!
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Latin; INTER – between, among or together
  Interpersonal communication means an straight ahead.
interactive exchange Jeepneys take the
 Also known as group communication same route and it
shouldn’t take you
more than 10 minutes
However, as interpersonal comm occurs, a even with the traffic.
transaction doesn’t necessarily take place since it SPEAKER A: Thank you
can only be a simple interaction such as – greeting, very much. I think I will
getting to know a person, or ordinary conversations just take the public
that happen between or among the interactants. transport as I am
This may occur in dyads or small groups also known running out of time.
You’ve been really
as group communication.
helpful.

A communication is interpersonal when --

• it is meant to establish or deepen one’s
EXTENDED COMMUNICATION
relationship with others.
A communication is extended when --
• Interpersonal talks are meant for
 It involves the use of electronic media.
maintaining social relationships,
Messages are transmitted quickly.
transactional talks aim to accomplish or
resolve something at the end of the
Ex.
conversation.
 Television, radio, expanded to --- tele, audio or
phone conferencing;
Interpersonal – social relationships – characterized
 Video conferencing; skype calls;
by less seriousness & formality
Transactional - objective is to achieve something at  E-conferencing (Webinars) – participants may
the end of the conversation – more formal & not be physically present but are still able to
profound track down the lectures and actively participate
actively because of mass articulation and
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION dissemination of information, allowing speakers
to reach a wider group of listeners (ex. MOOC,
SPEAKER A: Hello! I’m SPEAKER B: Oh, I’m Coursera)
KC Ramos. And you Miko Mendoza. Glad
are? to meet you. How are  It is public in nature.
you related to the  Language used may be more formal.
debutante?  Your own thinking, behavior, and attitude may
SPEAKER A: She’s my SPEAKER B: She was
be influenced by other people and you may be
cousin. Her mom and my high school
mine are sisters. How classmate. I never met persuaded to take views you hear.
about you? any of her cousins so
it’s great to meet you It is important that you weigh and assess them
now. against those beliefs that you hold onto so don’t get
SPEAKER A: Yes, same easily swayed by other people’s convictions.
here. Nice meeting
you too.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
 The focus is on the role that communication
TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION plays in organizational contexts.
 For an organization to be successful, a system of
SPEAKER A: Excuse me. SPEAKER B: Yes. In fact
communication should be put in place.
Would you know how you may go there on
to get to the nearest foot or take a jeepney.  A set of rules or standards for communication
mall? It’s a 20 minute walk. protocol should be made clear so that
Just turn left then interaction patterns are established.
 This particularly happens with non-verbal
Organizations comprise individuals who work for communication.
the company.
On the part of the individual, you should be It is important then not to be judgmental or to rush
equipped with the needed oral & written into interpretations as cultures sometimes vary
communication skills that the organization expects enormously.
you to possess.
Types of Communication according to PURPOSE &
STYLE
1. FORMAL communication
2. INFORMAL communication

In this type of communication, rather than focusing

on the transmission of messages and message flow,
the focus here is on the COMMUNICATION SETTING
and MODE OF DELIVERY.

according to PURPOSE & STYLE

1. FORMAL communication
 to inform, to educate, to persuade
 Employs formal language delivered orally or
Downward Comm – Superior to subordinate (ex.
in written form
President to a manager) – usually asking individuals
 Formal situations & writings such as -
to perform a task.
lectures, public talks/speeches, researches &
Upward Comm – Subordinates to bosses – send
project proposals, reports & business letters
views/feedback on organizational policies, issues
related to their jobs and the like.
Note that while lectures and speeches are delivered
Horizontal Comm – facilitate performance of tasks
orally, the texts have been thought out carefully and
through proper coordination (Subject Coordinators,
written well before they are delivered. The main
Program Heads)
objectives of this type of communication is to
Diagonal Comm – Superior-project heads-staff-
inform, to educate, and to persuade.
managers – various levels & units communicate &
coordinate with each other
2. INFORMAL communication
Informal / Grapevine – occurs due to the
 Doesn’t employ formal language. Oral (face-
dissatisfaction of some employees accompanied by
to-face), phone calls, written texts (e-mails,
uncertainty – superiors playing favorites,
letters)
unfavorable company rules, etc.
 Personal & ordinary situations such as –
conversations with friends, family members,
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
or acquaintances about anything under the
 The communication between or among people
sun
having different linguistic, religious, ethnic,
 to socialize and enhance relationships
social, and professional backgrounds.
 Even gender difference affects communication.
 Individuals having different orientations
communicate and interpret messages
differently.