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Article Citation:
Ramalakshmi Subbiah and Muthuchelian Krishnaswamy
Physicochemical, phytochemical and Antioxidant studies on leaf extracts of Mallotus
tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz
Journal of Research in Biology (2018) 8(5): 2518-2528
Dates:
Received: 04 May 2018 Accepted: 17 June 2018 Published: 23 July 2018
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Figure 1. Radical scavenging activity (IC50) values of different extracts of Mallotus tetracoccus leaf extracts
Phosphomolybdenum activity
Total antioxidant
(0.6 M sulphuric acid, 28 mM sodium phosphate and 4
Table 1: Total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids content, TBA inhibition values, metal chelating activity and total antioxidant activity
activity
112.71 ± 1.92b
141.34 ± 1.08c
208.1 ± 1.66d
mM ammonium molybdate) were added, incubated at
97.31 ± 1.84a
137.2 ± 1.78c
95°C for 1.5 h cooled and read at 695 nm against a
blank (Prieto et al., 1999). The phosphomolybdenum
values are expressed as g of ascorbic acid
Metal chelating activity
equivalents/100g extract.
Statistical analysis
IC50 (µg/mL)
352.4 ± 1.54c
48.49 ± 0.332b
47.28 ± 0.529b
46.31 ± 0.716a
46.99 ± 2.010a
58.52 ± 0.856c
52.08 ± 1.26b
16.93 ± 1.87a
23.39 ± 1.31c
14.49 ± 1.66a
11.86 ± 1.66a
(mg/g)
RESULTS
The extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform,
ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol of Mallotus
Total Flavonoids
43.64 ± 0.79b
78.17 ± 2.06d
27.25 ± 1.49a
55.78 ± 1.57c
Physicochemical studies
112.36 ± 1.68d
(mg GAE/g)
102.16 ± 1.39c
82.55 ± 2.29b
56.99 ± 1.56a
175.67 ± 1.1e
Acetone
Ethanol
0.6 -
0.5 -
0.4 -
0.3 -
0.2 -
0.1 -
0 -
Figure 2. Antioxidant activity of various extracts of Mallotus tetracoccus leaf by ferric thiocyanate method
2 -
1.8 -
1.6 -
Absorbance at 700 nm
1.4 -
1.2 -
1 -
0.8 -
0.6 -
0.4 -
0.2 -
0 -
Pet ether Chloroform Ethyl acetate Acetone Ethanol
fractions
Figure 3. Reducing power activity of different extracts of Mallotus tetracoccus leaf
Table 2. Showing correlation (r) values between various parameters of Mallotus tetracoccus
S. No Correlation between important activity parameters Mallotus tetracoccus
1. Total phenols and total antioxidant activity +0.3894
2. Total phenols and reducing power +0.9898
3. Total phenols and TBA lipid peroxidation +0.9244
4. Total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity +0.9736
5. Total flavonoids and reducing power +0.5266
6. Total flavonoids and TBA lipid peroxidation +0.1715
values, particularly ethanol as solvent exhibited strong was said to be low (r=0.3894), which may be due to the
antioxidant activity. The quantity of peroxide in the variations in the phenolics contents of plant extracts.
primary and secondary stages of lipid peroxidation are But there is very high relationship between total
measured by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid flavonoids and total antioxidant activity and reducing
methods respectively (Ramalakshmi and Muthuchelian, power (r=0.9736; 0.5266). Over all the antioxidant of
2012). Thus the plant extracts of Mallotus tetracoccus Mallotus tetracoccus extracts may be due to flavonoids
results showed that the peroxides are formed low and and reducing activities due to the presence of total
stable in secondary stage of lipid peroxidation. phenols present in them. Several authors have reported
Metal chelating activity positive correlation between antioxidant activity and
Iron, catalyst in important oxidation reactions total phenols of the plant materials (Kalaivani and
generates free hydroxyl radicals, peroxides, resulting in Mathew, 2010). The correlation values for Sonchus
diseases (Halliwell, 1997). The oxidation reactions are asper extracts showed that there is a high correlation
stopped by iron chelators by forming soluble and stable between DPPH and TPC, TFC activity (r=0.9762;
complexes with available iron. The presence of 0.8843). Similarly the correlation values for iron
chelating agents in the plant extracts interrupt with chelating activity with TPC and TFC showed high
2+
ferrozine, an iron chelator which complexes with Fe correlation (r=0.8101; 0.7657) (Khan et al., 2012). This
effecting formation of red color. Thus among the study on correlation between different activities of plant
various extracts of Mallotus tetracoccus, polar extracts extracts clearly reveals the antioxidant activity and
exhibited high metal chelating activity, which is presence of active photo chemicals.
supported by study reports of other researchers. In Thus the overall activity of Mallotus tetracoccus
Phyllanthus acidus extracts, the highest metal chelating extracts might be due to the presence of volatile
activity was in the order of methanolic (121.7±1.39), terpenoid compounds such as longiborneol (2.39 %); p-
ethyl acetate (178.3±2.01) and pet ether (159.7±1.98) menth-8(10)-en-9-ol (a terpene alcohol, 1.49 %) and
respectively (Raja et al., 2012). In Sonchus asper fatty acid esters (48.11 %) such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)
extracts, the metal chelating activity was in order of phthalate (46.78 %); di-n-octyl phthalate (1.33 %)
methanolic (64±2.12 μg/mL), chloroformic (87.8±2.56 analysed by GC-MS (Ramalakshmi and Muthuchelian,
μg/mL), ethyl acetate (100.4±2.21 μg/mL) and hexane 2011). Also high phenolics and flavonoids can add to
extracts (110.6±1.67 μg/mL) (Khan et al., 2012). Metal the antioxidant activities of the plant extracts. This
chelators such as presence of 7-quinolinol in the shows that there is also synergistic effect of more than
Mallotus tetracoccus extract might be responsible for two compounds that are responsible for antioxidant
metal chelating activity (Ramalakshmi and properties (Lu and Foo, 1995).
Muthuchelian, 2011).
Correlation between antioxidants and other assays CONCLUSION
The correlation results for Mallotus tetracoccus From the various organic extracts of Mallotus
extracts revealed high correlation among total phenols tetracoccus leaf it may be concluded that the ethanolic
and reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition extract possess significant phenolics, antioxidant and
values by TBA method of the samples (r=0.9898; radical scavenging activity, suggesting it for further
0.9244). The correlation between total phenols and total active compound isolation studies for application in
antioxidant activity for the Mallotus tetracoccus plant biomedicine.
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