Semester: 7th B.

Tech (Regular & Back)

Sub & Code: Analytical Instrumentation [EI-701]
Branch(s): E&I

AUTUMN END SEMESTER EXAMINATION-2015

Analytical Instrumentation
[EI-701]
Full Marks: 60 Time: 3Hrs
Answer any six question including question No. 1 which is compulsory.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own word as far as practicable with suitable diagram and
all parts of a question should be answered at one place only.

1. (a) In a spectrometer, the monochromator must be able to resolve two wavelengths 599.90
[5X2= 10]
nm and 600.10 nm. What is the required resolution?
(b) In an ideal X-ray tube operated at 40 kV what is the short wavelength limit of X-ray
emission in Amstrong(Å)? Given Planck’s constant h=6.626×10-34 Js, charge of an
electron e=1.6×10-19 coulomb, velocity of light c=3×108 m/s.
(c) What is the sensitivity of TCD type hot wire analyzer?
(d) What method do you propose to use to separate the blast furnace gas which contains
mainly CO, CO2, N2 etc. and why?
(e) The transmittance of a particular solution measured is T. The concentration of the
solution is now doubled. Assuming that Beer-Lambert’s law holds good for both the
cases what is the transmittance for the second?
2. (a) A chromatography column with a length of 10.3 cm and inner diameter of 4.61 mm is
packed with a stationary phase that occupies 61% of the volume. If the volumetric flow
rate is 1.3 mL/min, Find
[3+4+3=10]
(A) The linear flow rate in cm/min
(B) How long it takes for the solvent to pass through the column
(C) The retention time for the solute with a capacity factor of 10.0
(b) What are the disadvantages of electrochemical gas analysis method than infrared gas
analysis method?
(c) What is X-Ray Diffractometry? What is the use of it?
3. (a) From two different chromatogram, the following data are obtained: tRB= 19.92 min, tRA=
18.80 min, WB= 1.22 min, WA= 1.22 min. The column length is 50 cm. Calculate the
[3+4+3=10]
number of plates, plate height and resolution. Here tRB, tRA are the retention time and WA
and WB are the peak base widths.
(b) Discuss the principle of operation of an NDIR analyzer. Name the gasses which can be
measured by NDIR.
(c) What are the two processes involved for measurement in Direct Reading
Spectrophotometer? Describe with suitable diagram.
4. (a) A glass electrode with a sensitivity of 59 mV/pH and resistance of 109 Ω is used to
measure pH with a range of 0-14. The electrode is connected to a recorder of input range
0-100 mV and resistance 100 Ω using a buffer amplifier with output resistance 100 Ω.
[3+4+3=10]
(a) Calculate the impedance of the amplifier and sensitivity of the recorder
scale to obtain an accurate reading of pH.
(b) The resistance of the electrode has increased to 2 X 109 Ω due to chemical
 Semester: 7th B. Tech (Regular & Back)
Sub & Code: Analytical Instrumentation [EI-701]
Branch(s): E&I

action over time. Calculate the resulting error for a true pH of 7.0.
(b) Draw the basic block diagram of gas chromatographic system and explain the function
of different blocks briefly.
(c) What are the different sources of error in conductivity measurement? How they can be
minimized?
5. (a) A particular sample of solution of coloured substance known to follow Beer’s Law
shows 80% transmittance when measured in a cuvette of 1.0 cm optical path length.
(a) Calculate the percent transmittance for solution of twice the concentration
in the same cuvette. [3+4+3=10]
(b) What must be the path length in the cuvette to give the same transmittance
(80%) for a solution of twice the original concentration?
(b) What are the sources of error in Spectrophotometric measurements?
(c) What is partition coefficient and partition ratio in chromatography?
6. (a) A voltage applied to an X-Ray tube is increased 1.5 times. The short wave limit of an X-
[3+4+3=10]
Ray continuous spectrum shifts 26 pm. Find the initial voltage applied to the tube.
(b) Define (i) pH (ii) Buffer Solution (iii) Single Electrode Potential.
(c) How the measurement of Blood pCO2 and pO2 is done?
7. (a) Consider the case of a free electron, which has proportionality constant ge= 2.0023. Find
the magnetic field necessary for the EPR to occur when the applied microwave [3+4+3=10]
frequency is 9.75 GHz.
(b) Describe about the two processes involved for measurement in Direct Reading
Spectrophotometer with suitable diagram.
(c) For measurement which one is best among optical filter, prism, monochromator and
optical grater? Explain.
8. (a) Write the short notes on any two of the following:
(i) Air pollution monitoring instruments
[5X2=10]
(ii) Monochromator
(iii) Infrared Analyzer