GCSE Biology for You, Fifth Edition

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Cells and life processes
    
Chapter 1  Cells
It is very important that you are able to answer the questions on your own, using your own knowledge
of Biology. Have a go at the questions first, and then check your answers using this page. If you get a
question wrong, try to work out where you have made an error.
1 a)  stored
food reserve
cell wall

cell
membrane

ribosomes

nuclear plasmid
material:
a loop of DNA

b) Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus/loop of DNA genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
may have small rings of DNA called plasmids do not have plasmids
cell surrounded by a cell wall but not of cellulose plant cells have a cellulose cell wall

c) The electron microscope has greater magnification; greater resolution; uses the electron beam rather
than light rays.
2 a) X = chloroplast, Y = cell membrane, Z = cell wall
b) Two of: presence of chloroplasts; large permanent vacuole; cellulose cell wall.
c) Cell A has numerous chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Cell B has a cell membrane with a large surface
area to volume ratio for oxygen absorption/contains haemoglobin. Cell C the root hair forms a
large, thin extension of the cell with a large surface area to volume ratio for absorption of water and
mineral salts.
3 a) A = nucleus, B = cytoplasm, C = cell membrane
b) It controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
c) Drawing to include: cellulose cell wall, large permanent vacuole and numerous chloroplasts.
4 Organs System
lungs and windpipe Respiratory
heart and the blood vessels Circulatory
brain and spinal cord Nervous
ovaries, oviducts and uterus Reproductive
oesophagus, stomach and intestines Digestive
kidneys and bladder Excretory

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