Senses Assessment Study Guide Grade 5 Central Nervous System The Central Nervous System has TH 1, The brain 2. The spinal cord Major Parts of the Brain 3. Nerves —— AO\\ Se 1.The BRAIN controls all other systems of the | body cane : @ The brain has parts 7 a. Cerebrum: think, remember, dream, feel eon b. Cerebellum: VOLUNTARVIMOVEMENITS such as walking and talking c. Brainstem (medulla): controls INVODUNTARVIMOVEMENTS like breathing and your heartbeat 2.The IRD is a thick, white . It sends information throughout the body. 3.NERVES are long. thin threads in the brain and body. Your N and work together to form hich happen without your body thinking about it. EX: When you touch a hot stove, your hand automatically pulls away without you having to think about it. This is a reflex! e Will need to know how to label the brain e Will need to know how to label the parts of the central nervous systemNOSE - sense of smell ¢ ODOR FATIGUE is when you are smelling something for such a long time, that you seem to not notice it after awhile. EX: If you were in a bakery and smelled cookies when you first walked in, but were there for about an hour, you would eventually stop smelling the cookies! How does smell happen?? 1. We breathe air 2. Air flows over the olfactory cells and odors get caught in the mucus 3. Odors dissolve in the mucus at the top of the nasal cavity and send signals to tiny hairs 4. Hairs absorb the odors and turn them into electrical nerve signals 5. Electrical signals travel to the skull bone to the olfactory bulb 6. Once nerve signals travel to the smell center of the brain, the brain lets us know what a smell is e Will need to know how to label the nose (nasal cavity)TONGU'! e PAPILLAE are the bumps on your tongue that contain © We can taste: Sour Sweet Bitter Salty Umami (savory ex: cheeses and meats) 00000 © Our taste buds detect bitterness in the back of the tongue for a very important reason! Most poisonous liquids have a bitter taste and once they touch the back of the tongue our brain tells us to gag and not swallow it. e (PASTE and BINED are closely related. They work together with your taste buds to create a true flavor. If your nose is stuffy from a cold, foods will either not taste the same or not have any flavor at all! How do we taste something? 1. Receptor cells pick up a taste's chemical message 2. Receptor cells also change chemical messages to electrical ones 3. Electrical signals from receptor cells travel along nerves to taste area in brain 4. Your brain reads the signals and gives you information about what taste you are sensing © Will need to know how to label the tongue