Open Loop Resonator Bandpass Filters Design

Using the Parallel Coupled Line Technique

l l 2
P. Arunvipas , C. Sangdao ,and R. Phromloungsri

J Department o/Telecommunications Engineering,Mahanakorn University o/Technology (MUT), Bangkok, Thailand, 10530.

2Department 0/ Electronics Engineering, Udon Thani Rajabhat University (UDRU), Udon Thani, Thailand, 41000.
E-mail: parunvipas@yahoo.com

Abstract- This paper describes the design of open loop ring

resonator based on the parallel coupled line technique, enhances
efficiency by using the quadruply-step impedance transmission
line. The proposed resonator is consisted of three sections
quarter wavelength coupler and each of sections has the folded
open-stubs with the electrical length and characteristic
impedance IJ8 and Zo connected in the end of each ports. The
spurious response at 2/0 and 3/0 are appeared. The directivity
enhanced parallel-coupler should be employed to solve this
problem. The experimental results and designs of all type are 0.9
GHz to implement bandpass filters. There were evidently shown (a)
the second spurious response suppression improvement and
shifted third spurious response to higher frequency. Both the
���
-,:==�
theoretical and experimental performance is presented.

Index Terms - Microstrip parallel-coupled lines, step

S1

impedance resonator, directivity enhancement.

I. INTRODUCTION
A general structure of parallel-coupled (edge-coupled)
microstrip bandpass filters which use half wave length line
resonators. They are positioned so that adjacent resonators are
parallel to each other along half of their length. This parallel
arrangement gives relatively large coupling for a given
spacing between resonators [1]. They are widely used in
microwave circuits for filters, impedance-matching
transmission Marchand balun, directional couplers, ring
resonators and splitters/combiners circuits [2]. The even­
mode and the odd-mode phase velocities for a coupled pair of
microstrip lines are unequal [3] because microstrip is a non­
homogeneous medium, consisted of air above and dielectric
below medium [4]. In the past, the capacitive and inductive
compensating techniques were proposed to improve the
passband symmetry and spurious free response of the
microstrip coupled lines based bandpass filters [5]. In this
paper, we introduce new applications of open loop ring
resonator bandpass filter based on parallel coupled line. This
technique is proposed to more suppress the second spurious
response and shifted the third spurious response to higher
frequency in microstrip bandpass filter based on parallel
coupled line. This is achieved by connecting the stepped
impedance lines (SITLs) and open loop resonators. This
structure is considerable by lumped approach but
implementing in a form of transmission line [6] at all ports of
coupler section to enhance the directivity, suppress and shift
the spurious response as bandpass filter circuit. In section II
978-1-4244-6908-6/101$26.00 ©2010 IEEE
r:.-" mm�
S3mm iii..-
�
(b)
Fig.l Equivalent circuit of OPLRR based on a three parallel coupled line
with (a) uncompensated and (b) SITL.
presents a comprehensive circuit theory, the proposed
technique of the OPLRR based on parallel coupled line, the
quadruply-SITL compensated parallel-coupled line to
enhance the second spurious response suppression
performance. The simulated and measured results of the
proposed conventional and compensation couplers are
described in section III. The finally of this paper was a
conclusions in section IV.
II. THEORY AND PROPOSED TECHNIQUE
The conventional open loop ring resonator is composed of
microstrip line or coupled line with both ends, loaded with
folded open stubs. Herein, the schematic of a new structure
ordinary OPLRR is shown in Fig.! (a). The folded arms are
not only for increase of the loading capacitance, but also for
the proposed of inter-stage or cross coupling [5]. Each of
OPLRR quarter wavelength coupler connected with the
folded open stubs with the electrical length and characteristic
of A/8 and Zo, respectively. Input and output ports are tapped
in the middle of the folded open stubs in the upper arms. This
configuration of input and output port feeding causes the
magnitude of input/output impedances pulled raise up.
Therefore, step impedance transmission lines are employed

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both in input and output port to step down the port's
impedance close to the magnitude of characteristic impedance
ZOo Parallel-coupled (or edge-coupled) bandpass filters, for
the method, maximum coupling is obtained between
physically parallel microstrip when the length of the coupled
region is Agl4 as shown in Fig l(b).
For the first coupling structure
Ripple = 0.1 dB, go =1, gl =0.843,g2 = 0.662, g3= 1.3554
electrical length of the coupled lines, 80 =(42)0 is the odd­
mode electrical length of the coupled lines respectively.
Equation (7) provides a closed-form expression to design the
SITL sections for the proposed parallel-coupled lines to
achieve high directivity atfo as shown in Fig.2. Actually these
series SITLs retard the propagated signal phase, therefore the
frequency where the perfect isolation performance occurring
is shifted to the frequency which is lower thanfo. This
frequency shifting can be corrected by shortening the length
of the parallel-coupled line to be:

Jo, Zo= J Jl6

2gog1
(1)
(8)
1 -1; 0
= 2 (2)
10
8 = the fractional bandwidth
III. DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The open loop resonator based on the parallel coupled line
For the intermediate coupling structures
with SITL is the novel technique for proposal resonator. The
, +lzolj=lto(n-l)=
Jjj ,�
2ffie gjgj+1
(3) center frequency of 900 MHz is the specification, a passband
ripple of 0.1 dB.
Outlining the design step
For the final coupling structure
For the first coupling structure
,
Jnn+IZO= � (4) Ripple = 0.1 dB, go =1, gl =0.843, g2 = 0.662, g3= 1.3554
vzg:g::
(Zo.)j,j+1 =Zo(1+aZo+a2Zg) (5)

, +1 =Zo(1-aZo+a2Zg)
(Zoo)jj (6)

a=Jj,j+1
ZOe = odd mode coupled line impedance
Zoo = even mode coupled line impedance
8 = the fractional bandwidth
The condition of high directivity has occurred when the For the intermediate coupling structures

JZ6
coefficient of signal which sends from port 1 to port 3
, +IZO I)=llo(n-l)=
Jjj ' � '
w'c =1
converge to zero (S3Iifo) = 0). It has occurred when ZA,Q 2ffie"l/g)gj+1
follows as
For the final coupling structure

, +1 Z 0 =
Jnn
� 2 gngn+1

where Za,q
= - cosh Be cosh Bo, Zb ZO e sinh Bo - Zoo sinh Be
1 ,q
=
n = 2 (order), go =1, gl=0.843, g2=0.622, g3=1.3554

'
Z
c,q
= (Z02
e
+ Z02 ) sinh B sinh B ,8 =lr/2 is the even-mode
0 e 0 e

(ZOo)),)+1 =Zo(1-aZo+a2Zg)
1 __..- 4 a=Jjj , +1
ZOe = odd mode coupled line impedance
z Zoo = even mode coupled line impedance

Fig. 2 Schematic of quadruply-SITL compensated parallel-coupled line.

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 TABLE I hence the coupler gap (S) must be modified (from 0.30 mm to
PARAMETERS FOR THE DESIGN BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN 0.25 mm) to maintain the original coupling coefficient. After
Techniques Components Coupler's W,S,L the optimum compensation impedance ZA,Q (10) is obtained,
length (mm) the electrical parameters of SITL sections, which consist of
(9, rad) Z" Z2 and Bl, B2 are calculated [7].
Z,tub 500 , lJ,tub 22.5° The EM simulated results of uncompensated and the both
2.2 mm,Lstub
= =

Folded Stubs
�tub = = 10.0 mm proposed couplers are shown in Fig. 3. The proposed
WF1 0.6 mm,LF1 20.0 mm bandpass filter's magnitudes of 821 and 811 around 10 are about
1.2 mm,LF2
= =

Feed Lines
WF2 = = 20.0 mm
-0.97 dB and less than -IS.6 dB, while the suppression
performances at 2/0, and 310 compare with the bandpass filter
Zl.Q' Z'.Q (0) dimensions
(mm)
without quadruply-SITL compensated coupled line are
SITL parameters Zl Q = 1000 Wi = 0.4,� = 1.9 approximately 34 dB ,and 50 dB , respectively. The
.
Z' Q = 800 measurement was performed with HPS720C Vector Network
. W2 = 0.8,� = 1.9
Analyzer calibrated from 0.1 to 3 GHz. The HPVEE6.0™
software was used to collect the experimental data via GPIB
card. Sonnet-Lite™ and Matlab® were used for simulation,
data processing, and display. The measured results of the
TABLE II
THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE SECOND ORDER conventional and proposed microstrip coupled-feed filter are
CHEBYSEV BANDPASS FILTER shown in Fig. 4. The conventional magnitudes of 821 and 811
j
around /0 are about -0.94
W(mm) S(mm) L(mm)
0 1.8630 0.425 46.894 dB and -22.6 dB , while the
1 2.6011 0.8497 45.875 suppression performances at 2/0, and 310 are approximately
2 1.9236 0.2918 47.045
44.S dB , and 52.6 dB , respectively. The proposed
The coupler which have Zo 500, C - S.2 dB, ZOe, ZOo,
= =
magnitudes of 821 and 811 around 10 are about -0.9S dB and -
B = 7r /2, I Ag/4 We get the three of microstrip line
=
20.2 dB, while the suppression performances at 2/0, and 3/0
dimension are finally obtained as follows (substrate are approximately 46.7 dB, and 50.2 dB, respectively. The
permittivity Cr 0.6)
=
photograph of the print circuit board of the uncompensated
and the OPLRR based on the parallel coupled without and
TABLE III with the quadrupled step- impedance transmission lines
THE PARALLEL COUPLED LINE PARAMETERS FOR THE OPLRR
compensated parallel-coupled line are shown in Fig. 5(a) and
DESIGN APPLIED TO TABLE II
j J '+IZ0 (ZOe) +1 (Zoo) .+\
5(b), respectively.
0 0.43175 80.9079 37.7329
1 0.21701 63.2051 41.5041
0
2 0.43173 80.9060 37.7330

·10
The performance of the developed technique is proven
with an example of 0.9 GHz bandpass filters based on parallel ,... ..,
<D .:xl
coupled line. The prototype circuits were designed and �
fabricated on RF60 ( lOr = 6.0, h=1.52 mm, tano=0.002) �
«I
-:.3
�
microwave substrate. The three parallel coupled have the E
�
same coupling factor synthesized from -S.2 dB. The prototype ..
a. -.0
with first coupled lines have factor electrical parameters ZOe = ,;,

SO.9079 0 and ZOo 37.7329 0 . The second coupled lines

=
.;0
have a factor electrical parameters ZOe 63.2051 0 and Zoo= =

41.5041 0 . The last coupled have a factor electrical

parameter approximately the first coupled. The compensation
impedance ZA,Q (10) and the shortened electrical lengths
(JQ (10) were calculated from (7) and (S) by using parallel­
Fre quen cy (G Hz)
Fig. 3 EM simulated results of the open loop resonator based on the parallel
coupled line without and with quadruply-SITL compensated coupled line

coupled line electrical parameters at /0, which are j13.020

and 0.461t, respectively. In fabrication procedure, due to the
compensated coupler length is shorten from B = 7r /2 to BQ ,

1198
 REFERENCES
[I] G. Mattaei, L. Young, and E.M.T. Jones, Microwave Filters,

Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structrues, Artech

House, Norwood, MA, 1980.
[2] T. C. Edward, 'Foundation for microstrip circuit design' ,John Wiley
and Son, West Sussex, England, 1992.
[3] Wenzel, R. J. and W.G. Erlinger, "Problems in Microstrip Filter Design,"

IEEE Int. Microwave Symp.Digest, 1981, pp. 203-205

[4] S. L. March, "Phase velocity compensation in parallel-coupled
microstrip," in IEEE MIT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 1982, pp.
581-584

[5] 1. J. Bahl, "Capacitively compensated performance parallel coupled

microstrip filter", IEEE MTT-S Digest, pp. 679-682, 1989.

Fr�q I� 10( (.G HZ) [6] Kumpang S., Phromloungsri R., Chongcheawchamnan M.: "Design
Fig. 4 Measured results of the open loop resonator based on the parallel
high-directivity parallel-coupled lines with step-impedance transmission
coupled line without and with quadruply-SITL compensated coupled line.
lines". ASia-Pacific Microwave Corif-. 2007, pp. 1879-1882.
[7] J. S. Hong, and M. J. Langcaster, "Microstrip slow-wave open-loop

resonator filters", in 1997 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig."

1997, pp. 7\3-716.

(b)

Fig. 5 Photographs of the open loop resonator based on the parallel coupled
line (a) without and (b) with quadruply-SITL compensated coupled line.

IV. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the simple design procedures for the open
loop resonator based on the parallel coupled is presented. By
employing the qudruply-SITL coupled line instead of an
ordinary microstrip coupled-line. More resonators give more
efficiency of performance to reduce spurious response 210 and
shift 310 to higher frequency. The closed form design
equations are suitable to use in many wireless and microwave
applications. The proposed bandpass filter can be used in
many wireless and microwave systems.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors are grateful to KOREA TACONIC Co.,Ltd.

for supplying Taconic RF60-0600 microwave substrates

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