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‫‪91%‬و'‪ 6 7‬ا‪www.ibnalkhtib2.canalblog.com :  45‬‬ ‫( ' ا‪ /‬ا‪- 1)2 – ,-.‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪1‬‬
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‫&אل
‪

(1‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻧﺤﺪﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ) ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(1‬ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪ . t1‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻊ ‪ S‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪ t1‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ‪ x1 = 0,5 m‬ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫= ‪t2‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺼﻮﻝ ‪ x2 = 1,2m‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ‪t1 + τ‬‬
‫‪70ms =τ‬‬
‫‪ (11‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ (21‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻫﻲ ‪V 1 = 10 m.s-1 :‬‬
‫‪ (3.1‬ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ‪ ) θ = 0,030 s :‬ﻣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ(‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻑ ‪ S‬ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﺍ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻩ ‪ f = 100Hz‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ (1.2‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻞ ) ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻻ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ (‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2.2‬ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ‪ λ‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ‪V2‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪2‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ‪f = 40 Hz‬‬
‫‪(1‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫) ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪(3‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻀﻊ ﺣﺎﺟﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ‬
‫) ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪(4‬‬
‫‪ (1.2‬ﻣﺎﺇﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻂ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2.2‬ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺒﺮﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3.2‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩﺓ ؟ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺽ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺣﻤﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ Cr2O72-‬ﻭ ﺃﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪II‬‬
‫‪Fe2+.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺰﺝ ‪ 120ml‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ‪ c0 = 0,05 mol.L-1 :‬ﻣﻊ ‪ 130ml‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ II‬ﺫﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ‪ . Cr = 0,5mol.L-1‬ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﺗﺞ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ Cr3+aq :‬ﻭ ‪ . Fe3+aq‬ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻡ ‪ III‬ﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫‪ (1‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺍﻋﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻣﻸ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪.‬‬

‫اد‬
‫ا م‬
‫ا ‬
‫)‪x (mol‬‬

‫ا  ا‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(mol‬‬

‫>=ل ا
‪5‬ل‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫ا  ا‬ ‫‪x max‬‬

‫)‪(mol‬‬
‫ت‪.‬ع‬

‫‪ @ (4‬ف ا @ ا‪ A15‬ا‪V R 4@ 

 A‬و @‪D% @ G /@ C‬ن أ' ت ا‪ D‬وم ‪H9 V(Cr3+aq ) : III‬‬
‫‪ @ G‬ا
 @‪.4‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ا@
‪ A‬دا @‪ K‬ا‪ K)5)A‬أو‪ 9J‬ا @ ا
 @‪ 9)@ 4‬ا‪t = 18 s I5‬‬

‫‪ (6‬ا‪ ,P‬ا
آ ا‪NO‬ي ‪ 'M‬ت ا‪ D‬وم ‪. III‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 : ,)‫ و ا‬GU‫ا‬ QR 9   5
‫ ور ا‬6 ‫ ار‬ST‫ د ه‬%

www.ibnalkhtib2.canalblog.com :

‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻲ‬

 1

 (1
 ‫ل‬%!
)‫*א‬+!,-!‫א‬./0‫ن‬#'!(‫لو‬%!
&‫
"! ود‬# 
  ‫אאא‬1
X 2 − X1 1.2 − 0,5 -1
X 2 − X 1 = V (t 2 − t1 ) ⇒ V = = = 10ms −1 ‫ن‬M V = 10ms 2-!
)‫א‬3
(1 .1
τ 0,07
l 0,5 − 0,2
  l = V .θ ⇒ θ = = = 0,03s 0+"+‫لאو‬678
5&‫
א‬5&
‫א‬،
(1.3
V 10
 (2
 2‫(אאא  
 !אودو‬2.1
   V = λ.N = 0,2.100 = 20m.s −1 :‫א‬2-!
‫א‬3,0‫ و‬λ = 20cm = 0,2m ‫لא‬6
(2.2
 2

,0‫ و‬λ = 0,5cm "!‫ل‬6>‫دא‬2‫ <א;!אدو‬.3=+:‫( אא‬1
  V = λ.N = 0,5.10 −2.40 = 0,20m.s −1
  (2
 %=,8?"!@‫د‬A+03‫א‬BC‫א‬DE
3C0‫א‬FGH‫א‬IGJ‫אد‬FGKIG%=‫א‬G"H‫א‬FGH‫א‬2.1
 (2.2

 3.2)

 
FGH‫ددא‬.3‫'ددאض‬+03‫لאضو‬P!‫א‬Q(‫א‬+FGK)F‫د‬L‫א‬78FGH‫א‬0
M)
 (R 8ST

FGH‫א
ددא‬+5‫ نددאض‬+03)GK
 ;P ‫א‬
 :‫و
!ن‬U V‫(אد!نא‬1
2−
 Cr2O7 + 14 H + + 6e − → 2Cr 3+ + 7 H 2O
Fe 2+ + 1e − → Fe 3+

3
 2−
Cr2 O7 + 14 H + + 6 Fe 2+ → 2Cr 3+ + 7 H 2 O + 6 Fe 3+



 F2‫אא‬2‫ود‬W&3X!PI‫و‬#‫?א‬SU‫א‬:S‫( 
אא א‬1
 IXZ‫ولא‬+Y‫( א‬2

2− + 2+ 3+ 3+
Cr 2 O 7 + 14 H + 6 Fe → 2 Cr + 7 H 2 O + 6 Fe
‫اد‬

‫ا م‬
 ‫ا‬
x (mol)

‫ا  ا‬ 0 C0.V0=6.10-3 ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW Cr Vr=6,5.10-2 0 ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW 0

(mol)

‫ل‬5
‫>=ل ا‬ x 6.10-3-X ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW 6,5.10-2 - X 2X ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW 6X

‫ا  ا‬ x max 6.10-3-Xmax ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW 6,5.10-2 -6Xmax 2Xmax ‫ ة‬WWWWWWWW 6Xmax
(mol)
‫ع‬.‫ت‬ 0 2,9.10-2mol 12.10-3 18.10-2

 W‫א و‬I>0=W

[G+:‫ א‬3X!‫א‬
1 dx
]T v =
 I3X!‫\א`א‬TV‫مو‬+%!‫_ א‬x
V dt ‫א‬P\‫א‬3(‫(א‬4
2−
n(Cr 3+ ) n(Cr2 O7 ) n( Fe 2+ ) n( Fe 3+ )
= = =
2 1 6 6
3+
V (Cr ) 2− V ( Fe ) V ( Fe 3+ )
2+
⇒ = V (Cr2 O7 ) = = = Vreaction  ‫
אد‬
2 6 6
⇒ V (Cr 3+ ) = 2Vréaction

 ‫س‬PP,‫א א‬P5‫(و‬H/‫א‬BbG+033(‫א‬P5t =18s H/‫א‬+03‫س‬P‫
א‬5&

‫وא‬.0/0‫( 
א‬5
(40 − 25).10 −3
  V (Cr 3+ ) = = 8,33.10 − 4 mol.l −1
18 − 0
  
 III‫א وم‬W
#A%‫?א‬SU‫(א‬6

 [Cr 3+ ] =
nmax 2 X max 12.10 −3
 = = −3
= 4.8.10 − 2 mol.L−1
VS VS (120 + 130).10

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