1. The characteristics impedance of a 250 km line is 400 ohms.

What is the characteristic

impedance of 200 km length of the same line? Ans. 400 ohms.
2. The transient phenomenon lasts in power system for how much time? Ans. Few milliseconds to 1
second.
3. What is the unit of speed regulation in Governor? What is the unit of regulation in AGC? Ans.
HZ / MW.
4. An overhead transmission line is provided with earth wire for protection against which type of
disturbance? Ans. Lightning Surge.
5. Where should a valve type lightning arrestor be placed in a substation? Ans. Away from
transformer.
6. What is the unit of transmission loss co-efficient? Ans. Unit less.
7. What is the incremental transmission loss of a plant if the penalty factor of the plant is unity?
Ans. Zero.
8. What is the highest transmission voltage used in India? Ans. 765 kV.
9. How is the voltage and frequency controlled in an AGC scheme? Ans. Excitation Control and
Turbine speed control respectively.
10. Which type of generating station is most suitable to operate as a peak load plant? Ans. Pumped
Storage Power Station.
11. What is the suitable condition for Ferranti Effect to occur in a transmission line? Ans. Long and
Unloaded line.
12. Which device is suitable to operate as a synchronous condenser? Ans. Over-excited Synchronous
Motor.
13. The capacitance & inductance per unit length of a line operating at 110 kV are 0.1 microfarad &
2 mH. What is the surge impedance loading of the line? Ans. 27 MVA.
14. What type of controller is TCSC? Ans. Series Controller.
15. What is the main function of series compensation in Transmission Lines? Ans. To increase
Stability Limit.
16. What is propagation constant? Ans.  = ZY
17. A generating unit has an incremental production cost of Rs.60.00 per MWh. If penalty factor for
this unit is 1.2, what is the incremental cost of power? Ans. Rs.72.00 per MWh.
18. What happens to an uncompensated transmission line if it is open circuited. Ans. Ferranti Effect.
19. In a two plant system, the load is connected to plant number 2. What are the values of loss co-
efficients? B11 and B12 are non-zero. But B22 is zero.
20. What is intended to be improved by Load compensation? Ans. Reactive Power and Power
Factor.
21. Whether a Single circuit or double circuit line is more suitable for steady state stability?
Ans. Double circuit line.
22. What is the main purpose of tie-line bias control? Ans. To minimize steady state frequency
deviation.
23. Why is it necessary to consider transmission loss in optimum scheduling? Ans. Generation
scheduled will not be able to meet load demand as some of it will be lost in lines.
24. For a long uncompensated line, the limit to the line loading is governed by what parameter? Ans.
Voltage Stability limit of the line.
25. What are the state variables of a power system? Ans. Voltage and Phase Angle.
26. Which parameter of individual machine is properly matched to achieve Load Frequency Control?
Ans. Turbine Input.
27. What is the co-efficient of reflection for current for an open ended transmission line? Ans. 1.0
28. What is the loss of the transmission system if P is the maximum power transferred? Ans. P/2.
29. What is the purpose of Earth wire on overhead transmission line? Ans. To protect against
lightning surge.
30. What will be the reflected wave if a transmission line is terminated by a load having resistance
and reactance equal to the characteristic impedance of the line? Ans.
31. What is the change in frequency if the speed regulation is 5% and the rated frequency is 60 Hz?
Ans.
32. What is Spinning Reserve? Ans.
33. What is the unit of B coefficient? Ans. Unit less.
34. How can the cost of generation in a power station can be reduced most effectively? Ans. By
increasing load factor.
35. What is the effect of increase in supply frequency on the power consumption of an induction
motor? Ans. Increase in power consumption.
36. What will be the voltage developed in an open circuited transmission line due to a surge voltage
ef ? Ans. 2ef .
37. What should be done to increase the reactive power output of a synchronous generator? Ans.
Field current should be increased.
38. The incremental cost characteristics of the two units in a plant are given by I c1 = Rs.(0.1P1 + 8.0)
per MWh and I c2 = Rs.(0.15P2 + 3.0) per MWh. What is the optimum sharing of load by two
generators when the total load is 100 MW?

Ans. For optimum sharing of Load,

0.1P1 + 8.0 = 0.15P2 + 3.0;

Also, P1 + P2 = 100;

So, 0.1P1 + 8.0 = 0.15(100-P1) + 3.0;

0.25 P1 = 10; or, P1 = 40 MW; P2 = 100 – 40 = 60 MW;

39. What is the characteristic impedance of a line if its inductance is L H/km and capacitance C
F/km? Ans. (L/C).
40. What is the total transmission loss in terms of Pn , Pm and loss coefficient Bmn ?
Ans. PLoss = ∑∑PmBmnPn + ∑Bm0Pm + Bm0;
41. From where the feedback of frequency is taken in AGC? Ans. From load frequency.
42. When does a power system need injection of VAR? Ans. In off-peak load.
43. Why is shunt compensation used in an EHV power system? Ans. To improve voltage profile.
44. The penalty factor in a power transmission system is normally less than 1. Is this true? Ans. No, it
is normally greater than one.
45. In an electrical power grid, the acceptable frequency variation is within, Ans. +1%.
46. Two neighboring power system network having different frequencies may be interconnected
through, Ans. 800 KV HVDC link.
47. The ownership and coordination of Transmission and Grid Management under Deregulation
must be, Ans. Government Monopoly.
48. Series compensation in EHV line is used to, Ans. Improve efficiency.
49. The reactive power transfer over a line depends on the difference in magnitude of sending end
and receiving end voltages.
50. For a long transmission line for short loading, voltage rise occurs due to shunt capacitance and
charging current. For full load, voltage drop occurs due to line resistance.
51. Dynamic Response in a two area system may be represented by a First Order Transfer Function.
52. The State Variables in Power System are Voltage and Phase Angle.
53. The optimal scheduling problem in the case of a thermal power plant is static as well as dynamic
optimization problem.
54. In ALFC loop, the incremental frequency can be reduced using proportional controller.
55. In Cloud to ground lightning, a channel of negative charge will zigzag downward in roughly 50
yard segments in a forked pattern forming a stepped leader which is invisible to the human eye.
Near the ground, this stepped leader is encountered by a upward reaching positively charged
channel through a tall tree or house or an electric or telephone pole. A return stroke of bright
luminosity travels at a speed of 60,000 miles per second towards the cloud. A flash consist of
one or up to 20 return strokes. The lightning flicker is caused by this process rapidly repeating
itself several times across the same path and has a thickness of one to two inches.
56. The group diversity factor will always be more than peak diversity factor. Separately, residential
load will have a higher diversity factor than industrial load. The street lighting will have the
lowest diversity factor and is close to one.
Diversity Factor = (Sum of individual max. demand / peak demand).
57. For economic measure in power system, the generators of a power plant should operate at
(a) Equal Loads
(b) Minimum Loads
(c) Load proportional to the ratings
(d) Equal Incremental cost.
Ans. (d)
58. A travelling wave 400 x 1 x 50 means crest value of
(a) 400 V with rise time of 1/50 sec
(b) 400 kV with rise time 1 sec & fall time 50 sec
(c) 400 kV with rise time of 1 µsec & fall time for ½ the crest value in 50 µsec
(c) 400 MV with rise time 1 µsec & fall time 50µsec.
Ans. (c).
59. When a DC source is switched on a purely inductive circuit, the circuit response is,
(a) An exponentially rising curve
(b) An exponentially decaying curve
(c) A straight line passing through the origin
(d) A straight line off-set from the origin.
Ans. (c).
60. If α is the angle of voltage wave at which an R-L circuit is switched on and θ is the impedance
angle of the R-L circuit, there will be no transient when the circuit is switched on, if
(a) α=0 (b) α=900 - θ (c) α=900 + θ (d) none of these.
 Ans. With voltage wave, v(t)=VmCos(ωt+α), the response of circuit is,
i(t) = {Vm / (R2 + 2 L2 )} Cos(ωt+α-θ)
For α=900+θ, i(t) = {Vm / (R2 + 2 L2 )} Cos(ωt+900) = {Vm / (R2 + 2 L2 )} Cos(ωt); This reponse
will be transient free.
61. With the help of reactive compensation, it is possible to have,
(a) Constant voltage operation only
(b) Unity power factor operation only
(c) Both constant voltage & Unity power factor
(d) Either constant voltage or unity power factor.
Ans. (a).
62. The unit of Lagrange multiplier ‘λ’ used in economic dispatch solution is, Rs./MW.
63. AVR loop is assigned to control the terminal voltage of generator.