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Information System Project Managment(INSY4102)
Yilma Goshime(Msc)
Target Group:-4th Year Bsc Information System Students
Haramaya Universty,Ethiopia
Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

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) managment 1 / 48
Brainstorming
Information System
Project Managment
Project vs research

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System Project
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Project Methods in Informatics

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Introduction to Project...
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,

service, or result.
Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite
end.
The end is reached when the project objectives have been achieved, or it
becomes clear that the project objectives will not or cannot be met.
Temporary does not necessarily mean short in duration; many projects last
for several years. In every case, however, the duration of a project is finite.
Projects are not ongoing efforts.
What about Unique Products, Services, or Results ?

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Project can create:-

A product or artifact that produced is quantifiable, and can be either
an end item in itself or a component item.
it has a capability to perform a service, such as business functions
supporting production or distribution.
A result, such as outcomes or documents. For example, a research
project develops knowledge that can be used to determine whether or
not a trend is present or a new process will benefit society.
Uniqueness is an important characteristic of project deliverables.
Progressive Elaboration?

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Progressive elaboration means developing in steps, and continuing by

increments.
Progressive elaboration of a project specifications needs to be carefully
coordinated with proper project scope definition, particularly if the project is
performed under contract.
Diffrence between Project and operational work

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Project vs Operational work
Projects and operations differ primarily in that operations are ongoing and
repetitive, while projects are temporary and unique.
The purpose of a project is to attain its objective and then terminate.
Conversely, the objective of an ongoing operation is to sustain the business.
Is tere similarities?

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Similarity of project and operational work
Both are:-
Performed by people
Constrained by limited resources
Planned, executed, and controlled.
one more?

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Project Classification
Boehm [1981] Classified project into 3 different types.

Organic: the project type which deals with well understood
applications,size of development team is small, and team members are
experienced in developing similar types of projects.
Semidetached: the development consists of a mixture of experienced
and inexperienced staff. Team members may have limited experience
on related system development.
Embedded: A development project is considered to be of embedded
type, if the software being developed is strongly coupled to complex
hardware.
Who are the actors in the given project?

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Actors in the Project Work
The three main actors in the project are

You (the student),
The supervisor and
The examiner.
Of the three actors, you are the most important, since you are the one who
moves the project forward.

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Project Managment
Project management is the process of planning and controlling the

development of a system within a specified timeframe at a minimum cost
with the right functionality.
it is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project
activities to meet project requirements.
Project management is accomplished through the application and
integration of the project management processes of initiating, planning,
executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing.
The project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project
objectives.

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Structure of Project Managment
Generally the structure categirised into three section,such as:-

The Project Management Framework:-provides a basic structure for
understanding project management.for example
1 Introduction, defines key terms and provides an overview.
2 Project Life Cycle and Organization, describes the environment in
which projects operate. Managing the day-to-day activities of the

project is necessary, but not sufficient, to ensure success.

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Structure of Project Managment...
The Standard for Project Management of a Project:-specifies all the

project management processes that are used by the project team to
manage a project.
1 Project Management Processes for a Project which describes the five
required Project Management Process Groups for any project such as
initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing.

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The Project Management Knowledge Areas:-such as organizes the project

management processes from Management Process Groups into
Knowledge Areas.
1 Project Integration Management, describes the processes and activities
that integrate the various elements of project management, which are
identified, defined, combined, unified and coordinated within the
Project Management Process Groups.
2 It consists of the Develop Project Charter, Develop Preliminary Project
Scope Statement, Develop Project Management Plan, Direct and
Manage Project Execution, Monitor and Control Project Work,
Integrated Change Control, and Close Project management processes.

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The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Project Scope Management, describes the processes involved in
ascertaining that the project.
It consists of the Scope Planning, Scope Definition, Scope Verification, and
Scope Control project management processes.

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Project Time Management, describes the processes concerning the
timely completion of the project.
It consists of the Activity Definition, Activity Sequencing,Activity Resource
Estimating, Activity Duration Estimating,Schedule Development and
Schedule Control project management processes.

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Project Cost Management, describes the processes involved in
planning,estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs so that the
project is completed within the approved budget.
It consists of the Cost Estimating, Cost Budgeting, and Cost Control project
management processes.

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Project Quality Management,which is the processes involved in assuring
that the project will satisfy the objectives for which it was undertaken.
It consists of the Quality Planning, Perform Quality Assurance, and Perform
Quality Control project management processes.

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Project Human Resource Management, describes the processes that
organize and manage the project team.
It consists of the Human Resource Planning, Acquire Project Team, Develop
Project Team, and Manage Project Team project management processes.

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Project Communications Management, describes the processes
concerning the timely and appropriate generation,
collection,dissemination, storage and ultimate disposition of project
information.
It consists of the Communications Planning, Information Distribution,
Performance Reporting, and Manage Stakeholders project management
processes.

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Project Risk Management, the processes concerned with conducting risk
management on a project.
It consists of the Risk Management Planning, Risk Identification, Qualitative
Risk Analysis, Quantitative Risk Analysis, Risk Response Planning, and Risk
Monitoring and Control project management processes.

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Project Procurement Management, describes the processes that
purchase or acquire products, services or results, as well as contract
management processes.
It consists of the Plan Purchases and Acquisitions, Plan Contracting,
Request Seller Responses, Select Sellers, Contract Administration, and
Contract Closure project management processes.

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Project Management Process Groups vs Knowledge Areas

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Project Life Cycle Model and Paradigms
Project Life Cycle

defines the phases that connect the beginning of a project to its end.
The project life cycle definition can help the project manager clarify whether
to treat the feasibility study as the first project phase or as a separate,
stand-alone project.
feasibility studyis a way of analysis and evaluation of a proposed
project to determine if it is technically feasible, feasible within the
estimated cost, and if it will be profitable.
The phases of a project life cycle are not the same as the Project
Management Process Groups.
The transition from one phase to another within a project life cycle.

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Project Life Cycle Model and Paradigms
Project Life Cycle defines:-

What technical work to do in each phase
Who is involved in each phase
How to control and approve each phase.

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Typical Project Cost and Staffing Level Across the Project Life Cycle

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In the project life cycle:-
The level of uncertainty is highest and, hence, risk of failing to achieve the
objectives is greatest at the start of the project.
The certainty of completion generally gets progressively better as the project
continues.
Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, peak during the intermediate
phases, and drop rapidly as the project draws to a conclusion.
Is there differences between PDLC and SDLC?

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PDLC VS SDLC
PDLC
it is a process that is responsible for bringing to market a new product and
generally includes the business units.
It is, therefore, the process of developing a product.
SDLC
is used for developing particular software products.
is primarily aimed at solving a specific software problem that may arise.
That is, it points to specific steps within the PDLC.
We may also say that SDLC is a subset of PDLC. Such steps are the
responsibility of a technical department within an organization.
Note:-If the project that we develop is specific one we may follow just SDLC
phases. because designing a system also consider as a project.

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If all the previous sessions are clear we move to:-
chapter two

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Project Planning
used for managing the overall project activity.

in the planning process the planning groups identify, define, and mature the
project scope, project cost, and schedule the project activities that occur
within the project.
As new project information is discovered, additional dependencies,
requirements, risks, opportunities and constraints will be identified or
resolved.
While planning the project, the project team should involve all appropriate
stakeholders, depending upon their influence on the project and its
outcomes.

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Activities in the Project Planning
Introduction
Objectives
functions
Performance Issues
Management and Technical Constraints
Project Estimates
Historical Data Used
Estimation Techniques Used
Effort, Time, and Cost Estimates

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Schedule
Work Breakdown Structure
Gantt Chart Representation
Project Resources
People
Hardware and Software
Staff Organization
Team Structure
Management Reporting

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Risk Management Plan

Risk Analysis, Identification, Risk Estimation
Project Tracking and Control Plan
Miscellaneous Plans
Quality Assurance Plan
Configuration Management Plan
System Testing Plan
Delivery, Installation, and Maintenance Plan

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Project Parameter Estimations

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Project estimations
to estimate various project parameters like project size, cost, effort, and
duration by using various estimation techniques.
It makes proper planning and scheduling of organizational resources.

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Project Estimation Techniques
Empirical Estimation
Expert Judgment
Delphi cost estimation
Heuristic estimation Technique

COCOMO(Constructive cost estimation model)
Analytical estimation technique

Halstead software science

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Empirical Estimation
Expert Judgment
Here an expert guess about problem size after analyzing the problem.
Usually expert estimates the cost of modules of each subsystem to get the
overall estimation of system.
Problem:-personal bias and interference.
Delphi cost estimation:-

here estimation is carried out by an expert team with a coordinator.
The coordinator gives SRS document and a cost recording form to each
expert.
Each expert records cost in the form and submits to coordinator.
Coordinator compiles several times and prepare the final cost estimation
report.

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COCOMO(Constructive cost estimation model)

Effort=a1.(Size)power of a2 ProgrammerMonths
Tdev=b1.(Effert)power of b2 Months
Where size of project= KLOC(Kilo line of codes) and a1,a2, b1,b2 are the
constants for each category of project.
Effort= total effort required to develop a project.
Estimation Steps:-
1 Determine size of the product(KLOC).
2 From the size estimate, determine the effort needed.
3 From the effort estimate, determine project duration, and cost.

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Estimation of development effort

For the three classes of projects, the formulas for estimating the effort based
on the code size are :-
Organic:Effort=2.4(KLOC)power of 1.05 PM
Semidetached:Effort=3.0(KLOC)power of 1.12 PM
Embeded:Effort=3.6(KLOC)power of 1.20 PM
Estimation of development Time

Organic:Tdevt=2.5(Effort)power of 0.38 months
Semidetached:Tdev=2,5(Effort)power of 0.35 months
Embeded:Tdevt=2.5(Effort)power of 0.32 months

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Example:- Assume the size of a project= 32KLOC

Basic COCOMO estimation formula for organic type of project:
Effort=2.4(32Kloc)power of 1.5=91PM
development time = 2.5(91PM) power of 0.38 = 14 months
Assume if monthly cost of the project development is 15000 USD then total
Cost required to develop the project = 14 *15,000 USD = 210,000 USD

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Analytical estimation technique

Halstead software science:-a software metrics introduced by howard halstead
to estimate the project size based on over all program length
used a few primitive program parameters to estimate a given project
Most of the time this technique is not applied

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Project scheduling Steps
Project scheduling is an important project planning activity used to decide

which task should be taken first.
1 Identify all tasks needed to complete a project.
2 Break down large tasks into smaller activities.
3 Determine dependencies among them.
4 Establish time duration to complete activities.
5 Allocate resources to activities.
6 Monitor the timely progress of the activities .

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Step-1 and 2 :- after identifying tasks the project manager break down this
large task into smaller activities by using a work breakdown structure.

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Step-3 and 4:-The task dependencies define partial ordering of tasks.

The dependencies among the activities can be determined by using an
activity network.

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Step-5:- allocate resources to activities using a Gantt chart.

It is a special type of bar chart, where each bar represents an activity.

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Step-6:- Monitor the timely progress of the activities .

PERT(project evaluation and review technique)also identify the parallel
activities in a project.
3-estimates are made.:-
1 Pessimistic Time= 12 Months
2 Likely Time estimate= 15 months
3 Optimistic Time Estimate= 20 months

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Staffing the Project

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Information System Project Managment(INSY4102)

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Project can create:-

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Progressive elaboration means developing in steps, and continuing by

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Boehm [1981] Classified project into 3 different types.

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The three main actors in the project are

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Project management is the process of planning and controlling the

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Generally the structure categirised into three section,such as:-

which projects operate. Managing the day-to-day activities of the

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Standard for Project Management of a Project:-specifies all the

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas:-such as organizes the project

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

The Project Management Knowledge Areas...

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Project Life Cycle

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Project Life Cycle defines:-

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

used for managing the overall project activity.

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Risk Management Plan

Project Tracking and Control Plan

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Heuristic estimation Technique

Analytical estimation technique

Yilma Goshime(Msc.) (Haramaya

Delphi cost estimation:-