Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In both the ABC Model and the ABCDE Model, this is what a typical series of thoughts might look like
(with the only difference being that the ABCDE Model is explicit about “D” and “E”:
B: Belief (the event causes someone to have a belief, either rational or irrational)
C: Consequence (the belief has led to a consequence, with rational beliefs leading to healthy
D: Disputation (if one has held an irrational belief which has caused unhealthy consequences,
they must dispute that belief and turn it into a rational belief)
E: New Effect (the disputation has turned the irrational belief into a rational belief, and the
be from something trivial to something significant. Recognition is the first step on many change
processes and the same in this process. Example: a person presenting in public
B – The belief system which is the cognitive component in the person’s reaction to the events.
Often they are limiting beliefs or negative “self talk”. The capacity to recognise the activating
event and therefore change the mental “self talk” becomes a crucial part of the change. Example:
The mental self talk of the person is “I am really bad at presenting, this presentation will go really
badly”
C – The consequences from an emotional perspective is often repetitive and can create self-
fulfilling prophecies. Example: the presenters nervousness in the presentation creates a poor flow
and rapport with the public which makes the presenter even more nervous.
D – Disputation or challenge the irrational or limiting beliefs is required for mental change to take
place. Reviewing, challenging and eschewing the current beliefs sets the person up for future
success.
When looking at the D section there are three key kinds of disputes that can be used:
1. Empirical / Scientific dispute – Where is the proof or basis for the belief / feelings /
thought pattern
2. Functional dispute – Is the belief supporting some other, potentially unconscious goals?
3. Logical dispute – Does the belief system make common sense? Is there any generalisation
or other thought pattern influencing these beliefs?
Example: The presenter recognises the thought pattern and changes and sees they are not based on
truth or logic and adapts over the time to a view of believing that they can do a decent
presentation.
E – Effect of challenging the self-defeating belief system. Psychologists often this cognitive
restructuring, as new mental patterns and habits are created. Example: Presenter gains more
confidence as presentations become more fluid and gets more positive feedback, this in turn
1. Clinical Interview
You may have to recall or review a lot of your life and personal history
with the professional, who will often ask specific questions about various
stages in your life.
Similarities
Vocabulary
Information
Matrix Reasoning
Visual Puzzles
Digit Span
Arithmetic
Symbol Search
Coding
3. Personality Assessment
4. Behavioral Assessment
MMPI
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test that assesses personality
traits and psychopathology.
It is primarily intended to test people who are suspected of having mental health or other clinical issues.
the MMPI-2, which has 567 true/false questions, and the newer MMPI-2-RF, published in 2008 and
containing only 338 true/false items.
MMPI-2-RF is a newer measure and takes about half the time to complete (usually about 40 to 50
minutes)
Another version of the test — the MMPI-A — is designed exclusively for teenagers.
HYPOCHONDRIASIS (Hs)
DEPRESSION (D)
HYSTERIA (Hy)
MASCULINITY/FEMININITY (Mf)
PARANOIA (Pa)
SCHIZOPHRENIA (Sc)
HYPOMANIA (Ma)