ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to develop a Normal type of industrial building

with steel roof structures on open frames considering the economy of the
structure. The industrial building is normal type industrial building with steel
roof fink type truss. The roofs are normally pitched type with steel truss. The
span proposed for the truss is thirty metre and the slope of the truss is kept as
15 degree

The present scope of this project is to select a representative truss and

analyse the truss for different load conditions possible at the project
construction location. This project design was assumed to be Industrial structure
nearby Chennai. The aim of this project is to design an industrial building
economically using manual design techniques and computer aided design. The
Project Summary Report emphasizes the structural analysis and design findings
of industrial structure project.

The different stages of this design process include stage one includes,
drafting of representative truss in drafting software AutoCAD. Stage two
Structural analysis of the steel truss, design of steel elements and reinforcement
in concrete columns with the aid of STAAD Pro. Stage three designs of RCC
flat slabs, at plinth level, to carry live loads and dead loads. Stage four designs
of footings including footings for columns from truss carrying roof loads, wind
loads, earthquake loads and their combinations. Stage five detailing of various
type of connections to be used within the truss. Stage six the final stage in the
project work is development of drawings using software.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTERS TITLE PAGE NO
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURE viii
LIST OF TABLE xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS x

1.0 INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 1

1.1INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 BUILDING CONFIGURATION 1
1.3 TRUSSES 3
1.3.1 TRUSSES MEMBER 5
1.3.2 TRUSS CONNECTION 6
1.3.3 ECONOMY OF TRUSSES 7
1.3.4 COMPOSITE TRUSSES 8
1.4 .FLOORS 8
1.5. ROOF SYSTEM 9
1.6. LIGHTING 10
1.7. VENTILATION 10
2.0. LITERATURE VIEW 11
3.0 THE BASIC OF THE MODULAR SYSTEM 26
3.1. MODULAR DENMARK 26
3.2. MODULAR IN AMERICA 26
3.3. MODULAR IN UNITETED KINGDOM 26
3.4. BASIC MOUDLE 27
3.5. MODULAR DIMENSIONS,CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS 28
AND FACTORY DIMENSIONS
3.6. PLANNING MODULES 30
3.7 PREFERRED MULTI MODULES 31
3.8 MODULAR GRID AND MODULAR COMPONENTS 32

v
 3.9 HOJGAARD & SCHULTZ STANDARD FACTORY 33
3.9.1 BUILDING PROGRAMMED AND DESIGN
PARAMETERS 36
3.9.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 38
3.9.3 COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONS 39
4.0 SCHEMATIC DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURAL 40
SKELATELS
4.1 COMPUTER MODEL 40
4.2 COORDINATE SYSTEM 40
4.3 MEMBERS 42
4.4 ANALYSIS CRITERIA AND ASSUMPTIONS 42
4.5 ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 42
4.6 SYSTEM OF UNITS 43
4.7 STEEL MATERIAL 43
4.8 STRESS CRITERIA 43
5.0 LOADING ANALYSIS 44
5.1. LOADS 44
5.2. INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 44
5.2.1. DEAD LOAD 44
5.2.2. LIVE LOAD 44
5.2.3. WIND LOAD 45
5.2.4. EARTHQUAKE LOAD 45
5.2.5. MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS 45
5.2.6. BRIDEGE TEUSSES 45
5.3 FIRE SAFETY 46

6.0 DESIGN OF CASE EXAMPLE 47

6.1. DESIGN 47
6.2. LOADING 53

vi
 6.3 DESING OF PURLIN 56
6.4. TRUSS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 60
6.5. DESIGN OF TOP CHORD MEMBER 64
6.6. DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD MEMBER 65
6.7. DESIGN OF WEB MEMBER 66
6.8. CHECK FOR DEFLECTION 68
6.9. DESIGN OF RAFTER BRCING MEMBER 68
6.10. DESIGN OF TIE RUNNER 70
6.11. DESIGN OF SIDE RUNNER 71
6.12. DESIGN OF EAVE GIRDER 73
6.13 TYPICAL CONNECTION OF ROOF TRUSS 78
7.0 CONCLUSION 81
8.0 REFERENCES 82

vii
 LIST OF FIGURE
FIG.NO. TITLE PAGE.NO
1.1 TYPICAL STRUCTURAL LAYOUT OF AN 2
INDUSTRIAL
1.2 BENT GABLE FRAME, SIDE SPANS AND NORTH 3
LIGHT TRUSSES
1.3 TYPES OF TRUSSES 4
1.3.1 CROSS SECTIONS OF TRUSS MEMBERS 5
1.3.2 TYPICAL TRUSS JOINTS 6
1.4 SIDE WINDOWS AND MONITORS FOR NATURAL 10
LIGHT
3.1 MODULAR GRID 27
3.2 BASIC DIMENSION JOINT CONTROLLING 29
DIMENSION.WHICH MUST BE DIVISIBLE BY M.
3.3 MODULAR BUILDING BLOCKS. 30
3.4 TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING WITH CONCRETE 34
ROOF STRUCTURES
3.5 TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING WITH STEEL OR 35
TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURES.
3.6 VERTICAL SECTION OF CONNECTION 39
BETWEEN COLUMN AND FOUNDATION
4.1 VIEWS OF THE SINGLE ROOF TRUSS WHICH IS 40
IMPORTED INTO STAAD PRO
4.2 3D ELEMENTAL VIEWS OF ENTIRE INDUSTRIAL 41
STRUCTURE
4.3 STAAD IMPORT OF .DXF FILE 41
4.4 RENDERED VIEWS AFTER CREATING GEOMETRY 42
6.1 TYPICAL CONNECTION OF ROOF TRUSS 80

viii
 LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO
6.1 WIND LOAD ON ROOF TRUSS 56
6.2 CRITICAL WIND LOAD 61
6.3 MEMBER FORCES UNDER FACTORED LOAD 62
IN KN
6.4 TRUSS REACTION (KN) 64
6.5 TRUSS MEMBER CALCULATION 76

ix
 LIST OF SYMBOLS
A area of cross section; surface area of cladding
Ag gross cross-sectional area
Av shear area
Cpe external pressure coefficient
Cpi internal pressure coefficient
F net wind force on cladding
f cd design compressive stress
fu characteristic ultimate tensile stress
fyw characteristic yield stress of the web material
Iy moment of inertia about the minor axis
Iz moment of inertia about the major axis
Pd design axial compressive strength
Tdg yielding strength of gross section under axial tension
Tdn rupture strength of net section under axial tension; design tension
capacity
rvv radius of gyration about the minor axis (v-v)
rz radius of gyration about the minor axis
V factored applied shear force; mean wind speed
VB total design seismic base shear; basic wind speed
Vb design shear strength; design mean wind velocity
Vd mean or design wind speed at height z above the ground
W appropriate load; width; seismic weight; ventilation factor
∝ Coefficient of linear expansion; imperfection factor; power law
coefficient;
included angle in groove weld
𝜀 yield stress ratio; (250/fy)1/2; strain corresponding to stress resultant
emissivity of surface
∅s sway index

x
Y unit weight of steel
Ym partial safety factor for material
Ymo partial safety factor against yield
𝜆e equivalent slenderness ratio
λ y,λz non-dimensional slenderness ratio about respective axis

xi