Professional Documents
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AIR RAID
PRECAUTIONS
ADVICE TO HOUSEHOLDERS
/
GOVERNMENT OF VICTORIA
~
1541B/41.
~—~- — ~ I
AIR RAID
PRECAUTIONS
ADVICE TO HOUSEHOLDERS
/
15418/41.
AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS
SHELTERS
The normal dispersion 0f the population into their own homes provides the
best means for their protection.
Refrain, if possible, from engaging the services of outside labour. All available
labour is required for the manufacture of munitions and war equipment for the fighting
forces, also for the maintenance of essential civil services. One of the outstanding
characteristics of the Australian is his initiative and his capacity for overcoming
difficulties. Let no difficulties, therefore, prevent you from constructing your own
shelter. The daylight saving scheme will give you extra hours during the week for
trench digging.
The enemy in his attacks always endeavours to introduce the element of surprise.
You remember what happened at Pearl Harbour on a peaceful Sunday morning.
IT
IS
WISE
TO
BE
PREPARED.
>
D.
2 RAID IMPENDING
A SERIES OF SHORT BLASTS OF5SECONDS ON WITH
2 SECONDS BREA 1(5
__ -- ~
3 ALL CLEAR
-~--~ —
CONTENTS.
PAO~.
SECTION 1.—THINGs TO DO .. .. -. .. 7
SECTION 4.—Shelters.
Part 1.—Refuge Rooms .. .. .. 22
Requirements and Instructions.
SKETCHES OF SHELTERS .. .. .. .. .. 3G
Open Trench; Partly sunk;
Anderson; Surface; Pill-box, and Underground.
7
ADVICE TO HOUSEHOLDERS.
Ii.
Things to do.
Decide, after reading this booklet, what form your shelter
will take. It may be a garden shelter, or it may be a refuge ill
your home (see Section 4).
If you are in charge of a business or shop, an hotel or
boardinghouse, or of tenements, decide upon places of shelter for
those for whose safety and welfare you would be responsible.
Study carefully the precautions you can take against fire, and
especially the instructions for dealing with a small incendiary
bomb.
In time of war, buildings have to be darkened completely
at night. Consider this question for your home and any other
premises for which you are responsible.
8
See that all grown-ups are familiar with the contents of this
booklet and know of the arrangements you are making for theii
safety.
Read through these notes carefully, think them out, and consider
how to apply them to your own home. You will know, then,
exactly what to do. Having considered the problem before danger
arises, you will have your plans made and be ready to carry them
out quickly if there is need.
When these duties have been seen to, the head of the house
oi other responsible person should go to the place of shelter, amid,
after making certain that every one is there, close the entrance
see that the sealinq arrangements are everywhere intact.
There are two ways of dealing with the bomb itself, viz.
1. It can be controlled with a fine spray of water. The best
way is to use the ordinary household water service and hose as a
means of directing a jet of water on to time fire surrounding the
l~omband then a fine spray on to the bomb itself. Water must
not be used on a bomb in any other way than as a fine spray;
or an explosion will result.
2. It can be smothered with dry sand where you can get at it.
This will control the combustion enabling a close approach to the
bomb. Time equipment for use with this method consists of a sand
container or bucket, a long-handled square mouth shovel, and a
hoe. The bucket should be kept full with dry sand. Smother the
bomb by throwing sand on to it with the shovel. Then, placing
an inch layer of sand on time shovel, the bomb can be approached,
and, by means of the hoc, raked on to the shovel. Place the bomb
in the bucket, making sure you have some sand under it, take
outside and empty the contents in a place where the bomb will
burn itself out harmlessly.
inches thickness.
1. Headlamps.
Two hmeadlamps (i.e., lamps exceeding a power of 7 watts or its
equivalent) may be used, provided they comply with the fohlowimmg
conditions
(a) The lower half of each bulb must be completely
obscured by means of black paint or by fitting a metal
cup.
(b) An opaque cardboard disc must be fitted immediately
belmind the glass or lens of each lamp covering time
whole area of the glass or lens except for an aper-
ture 1~inches wide running horizontally across the
centre.
(c) The lower part of the reflector of each iarrmp must be
completely blacked out up to a distance of lmalf an
ineim above the centre line of the reflector, e.g., with
black cardboard, paper or with two coats of matt
black paint.
2. Rear Lamp.
Every vehicle must carry a lamp displaying to the rear of the
velmicle a red light screened and dimmed to comply with time
following conditions :—
(a) The bulb must not exceed 7 watts in power or its
equivalent.
(b) The reflectors of the lamp must be painted with rnatt
black paint or otherwise rendered non-effective.
4. Stop Lights.
Stop lights may be used, provided they are screened in accord-
ance with the conditions laid down for rear lights, and are further
restricted so that the aperture through which light is emitted is
of area not exceeding 1 square inch.
Tail L’~q1mt.
(a) The tail light must be screened and dimmed in
accordance witim the conditions laid down in para-
gmaplm 2.
9. Pedestrians.
Pedestrians when out on the streets or roads at night should
do their best to make themselves visible to other people, parti-
cularly to drivers of vehicles. A light-coloured suit or overcoat,
or white handkerchiefs attached to the arias would help con-
siderably.
SECTION 4.—SHELTERS.
Limits of Accommodation.
Although an actual raid may be over in a few minutes, it
may be necessary to stay in the refuge-room for some time, even
perhaps for several hours, until the gas which may be in the
neighbourlmood lmas been cleared away. You should therefore
know mow many persons can remain safely in a sealed room with-
out suffering any ill-effects. For rooms of normal height (9 to
10 feet) cmi allowance of 25 square feet of floor area for each
person will enable those persons to remain in the room for a
continuous period of two lmours without ventilation.
A room 10 ft. x 10 ft. will therefore hold 4 persons.
A room 15 ft. x 10 ft. will therefore hold 6 persons.
A room 20 ft. x 12 ft. will therefore hold 9 persons.
24
Selection.
General.—Some rooms are more suitable as refuges than
others. Choose a room that is soundly constructed and is
easy to enter and leave.’ Its windows should be as few and
small as possible. A room’ with large windows should be
avoided. If a ground floor room facing a wide street or a stretch
of level open ground is chosen, the windows should, if possible, be
specially protected. A room facing a garden or field should be
selected and is always preferable to one facing a street or paved
area unless existing protection is much greater.’ The stronger
time walls, floors, and ceiling are, the better.~ Brick partition walls
are better than lath and plaster, a concrete ceiling is better than
a wooden one. Perhaps an internal passage could be converted,
or a special room might be built on to the house. In many cases
difficulty may be experienced in choosing a room suitable for use
as a refuge. A garden shelter of the covered type, vide page 29,
may be a ready means of overcoming this. difficulty, since timber
or partially timber houses do not, without adaptation, offer the
degree of protection desired.
Alternatively any room on any floor below the top floor may be
used. Top floors and attics should be avoided as they usually
do not give sufficient overhead protection from small incendiary
bombs. These small bombs would probably penetrate the roof
but be stopped by the top floor, although they might burn through
to the floor below if not quickly dealt with.
You can make a refuge-room even if you ~iave rio surplus room
to set aside. If you have only’ one room you :canmake it~a place
of greater safety—even if you adopt only some of the suggestions
contained in this booklet. A room within solid walls is a’ safer
place than in the open, so don’t run into the street to find better
slmelter if you hear an air raid warning.
time holes pasted over with strommg paper. Timis will not eliminate
time possibility of glass being broken by the blast of a bomb
explosion, perhaps quite a iommg way off. So protect the glass in
one of time ways suggested later.
Protecting t/~e
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29
Part IL—Gar~enShelters.
There are four types of garden shelters which will give good
protection from blast and splinters. Three of them give overhead
protection and can be made gas-resisting. These four types are—
firm. Place the C-iu. x 3-in. x 8-ft. rafters across tim top
of the trench and seat them on the bed plates. The position
of these will be such that the edges of the uprights will
come flush with their sides. Then place the uprights in posi-
tion, hard up against the battens, ram earth around their bases
and secure them at their tops to time 6-in. x 3-in, rafters with
~-in. bolts or 4-in, nails. Bore holes for them. Bolts are preferred.
Now place the 2-ui. x 2-in., 3-in. x 2-in., and 4-in. x 2-in, timbers
(purhins’i on top of the 6-in. x 3-in, rafters and skew nail thmeni.
Place tIme 8 feet corrugated sheets on the purlins with the corru-
gations across the trench, ahloxv two corrugations overlap of sheets,
and place earth at the ends of sheets to hold them down, or nail
them. Allow for construction of an emergency exit through
roof as shown on drawing.
Now shovel over the roof all the material excavated, so that
there will ho at least 2 feet of earth over it all round.
Place 6-in. x 1-in, timbers to form the steps into the shelter,
put in the floor to the shelter, and, if required, the seats. When
laying the floor provide a square lid over each drainage pit, so that
baling of seepage water can be done without having to take up
the flooring boards. Lay tIme boards on the floor of the entrance,
and if any openings are shiowiug between or under them fill with
sand or clay, thins preventing gas from, filtering through under
the floor.
in
Lying in
Street.
Lying Behind
Low Cover
or in
Doorway.
Sheltering in In shelter of
House or approved
Other Place type, e.g.,
Affording Anderson
Head and Shelter,
Side Cover Covered
away from Trench,
Windows, Strutted Base~
ment, or
Surface
Shelter.
This diagram is based on a large number of reports ofthe resultsof recent air raids
and is an approximate indication of the difference in the degree of risk resulting
from taking cover in various ways.
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41
WANTED URGENTLY!
MARRIED MEN OVER 35
SINGLE MEN OVER THE AGE OF 40
MEN INELIGIBLE FOR MILITARY SERVICE
and
WOMEN OF ALL AGES
for
A. R. P.
Learn how to protect your home and
+ loved ones against
AIR RAIDS
and at the same time help your country
. S S
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NOTES.
47
NOTES.
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