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AR6703 Professional Practice and Ethics

UNIT – 2 LECTURE BY A.SIVARAMAN

ARCHITECT’S SERVICES, SCALE OF FEES & COMPETITIONS

Content:

Part 1: Mode of engaging an architect


– Comprehensive services, partial services and specialized services
– Scope of work of an architect
– Schedule of services
– Scale of fees (Council of Architecture norms)
– Mode of payment
– Terms and conditions of engagement
– Letter of appointment.

Part 2: Importance of Architectural competitions


– Types of competitions (open, limited, ideas competition)
– Single and two stage competitions
– Council of Architecture guidelines for conducting Architectural competitions
– National and International Competitions – Case studies.+

Part 1 ARCHITECT’S SERVICES, SCALE OF FEES

MODE OF ENGAGING AN ARCHITECT

At the heart of every successful project is a strong relationship between client and architect. We as
architects know that the more knowledgeable our clients are, the more likely they are to participate fully
in the process and enjoy the benefits of a collaborative effort.

Appointing an architect’s by a client –


1. relatives and friends may recommend an architect with whom they have worked and are satisfied
with his service
2. A reputed architect known for his outstanding work may be appointed.
3. An architect who has done similar specialized jobs successfully may be considered.
4. An architect’s firm which is conveniently located and considered suitable for the project may be
chosen.
5. The author of best design in a competition held under expert advice as per the guidelines of the COA
can be commissioned for the project.
6. Through social contacts.

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LECTURE BY ASSO.PROF.A.SIVARAMAN M.ARCH (GENERAL ARCHITECTURE).,MCA.,AIIA
Client architect agreement
The process of dispute solving namely the arbitration clause is included in it. This can be done by adopting
the standard form of LETTER OF APPOINTMENT recommended by COA. If the project involves partial
services the precise scope of architect’s services, mode of payment of fees, respective duties of client and
the architect need to be defined clearly. Once arbitration clause is included the client cannot take disputes
to the consumer redressal.

Architect as agent of client


Architect must know the extent of his authority – architect must not enlarge or diminish the scope of
contract – communicate more often with the client, appraise him about the progress of work, any change
made in drawings, manner of construction and financial implication are involved prior sanction is
essential. The architect has to get signature from client in all important drawings.

1. COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES

The practice of the architectural profession in regulated by the Architects Act, 1972. The council of
architecture (COA) has defined the scope of work and Architectural services to be rendered by Architects
with a view to making the client fully aware of the duties and services which he may except from the
Architect. They stipulate the parameters within which the Architect is required to function and are
applicable to all registered Architects and such Architects who have specialized in areas such as structural
design, Urban design, city planning, landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture and Architectural
conservation.

The architect is required to provide services in respect of the following

SCOPE OF WORK-
1. Taking clients Instructions and preparation of Design brief.
2. Site Evaluation, analysis and impact on the immediate environment.
3. Design and Site development.
4. Structural Design
5. Sanitary, plumbing, Drainage, water-supply and Sewerage Design.
6. Electrical, Electronic, communication systems and Design
7. Heating, ventilation and Air conditioning Design (HVAC).
8. Elevators, Escalators etc.
9. Fire Detectors, Fire protection and Security systems
10. Periodic Inspection and Evaluation of construction works.
11. Quality control.

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LECTURE BY ASSO.PROF.A.SIVARAMAN M.ARCH (GENERAL ARCHITECTURE).,MCA.,AIIA
ALLIED FIELDS
 Interior Architecture
 Landscape Architecture
 Architectural conservation
 Retrofitting of buildings
 Graphic Design and Signage.

THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE

The primary objective in interior Architecture is to generate a purposeful ambience that will stimulate the
user’s creative potential, protect the users from the extremes of weather and also nurture them
emotionally. The aim is to meld the interiors and exteriors into symbiotic relationships through scale,
volume, light and shade. Hence, the interior spaces must be designed to fulfill the fundamental functional
and aesthetic needs that make the interiors efficient and pleasant to live and work in. The development
of design is a very conscious act and it infuses life into interiors subconsciously.

SCOPE OF WORK
1. Site evaluation and assessment.
2. Interior design – space planning and volumetric study.
3. Architectural additions and alterations.
4. Interior related civil works
5. Design of fixed items of work and loose furniture.
6. Illumination design
7. Sound and Acoustic design
8. Graphic design
9. Indoor plant scape
10. Selection of materials, equipment and other interior related elements.
11. Integration of all Engineering services
12. Periodic inspection and evaluation off works at site.
13. Quality control.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape Architecture deals with the analysis, planning, design, management, preservation and
rehabilitation of land. It is a science capable of producing an ecologically-sensitive design which is self-
sustainable. It integrates from the very conception, the elements of Architecture, Urban design and civil
engineering, Landscape Architecture covers a wide spectrum ranging from landscape planning at the
regional and city scale on the one end, to the small and medium scale of public and private landscape at
the other. It involves dealing with such sites as office plazas, public squares, highways, city parks, housing
developments, institutional campuses, Zoological and botanical parks.

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SCOPE OF WORKS
1. Site appraisal and suitability.
2. Site planning
3. Landform and grading
4. Surface drainage design and water management.
5. Irrigation design
6. Open space design – hard and soft areas.
7. Planting designs.
8. Landscape structures and features
9. garden furniture design
10. Illumination design
11. Graphic design and signage.
12. Co-ordination of external services.
13. Periodic Inspection and evaluation of works at site.

THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY AN ARCHITECT IN URBAN DESIGN

Urban Design is architecture of the cities, highly complex and gargantuan in scale. The primary aim of
urban design is to imbibe and maintain a sense of identity and harmony among buildings, open spaces
and other structures by means of a pleasant and memorable visual imagery throughout the length and
breadth of an urban setting. Volumetric relationships, harmonious spatial sequences, transition from
buildings to open spaces, streetscape and the services infrastructures must together create a townscape
with an exclusive imagery.

SCOPE OF WORK
1. Taking client’s instructions and preparation of design brief.
2. Site evaluation, analysis of architectural character, social issues and heritage.
3. Feasibility study
4. Preliminary proposal for development / re-development and their impact on immediate environment.
5. Volumetric study and Urban form recommendations including pedestrian / vehicular movement and
parking.
6. Architectural controls and guidelines.
7. Conceptual design of site development and their interconnectivity.
8. Landscape architecture design.
9. Architectural conservation design.
10. Graphic design and signage.

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PARTIAL SERVICES
Where for any reason the architect performs part of the services only, including the abandonment,
postponement, substitution or omission of any project and or works or part there of or if the services of
the architect are terminated the charges in respect of the services performed shall be as follows-

1. If the work has not yet reached the stage of completing the submission of draft sketches and architects
estimate of cost to the client, the charge shall be on a time basis.
2. If draft sketches and architects estimate of cost based upon covered areas have been submitted to
the client, the charges shall be 10 % of the architect’s fee had the project been completed to the end
of the construction stage. The estimate of cost submitted by the architect shall be considered to be
the total cost of works for computing the fees due.
3. If the sketch scheme with the estimate of cost has been accepted by the client, the charges shall be
20% of the architects fee had the project been completed to the end of the construction stage. The
estimate of cost submitted by the architect shall be considered to be the total cost of works for
computing the fees due.
4. Preliminary stage up to 35% of fees due.
If the sketches have been modified to suit the clients provisional sanctions and relevant details
obtained the charge shall be 35% of the architects fee, shall be considered to be the total cost of the
executed work for computing the fees due.
5. Working drawing stage up to 65% of fees due
The charge shall be the percentage of the architect’s total fee for this stage corresponding to the
architects estimate of the percentage of his total service in this stage already rendered. (The total fee
at the end of this stage is 65% of the architect fee had the project been completed to the end of the
construction stage) the last estimate of cost submitted to the client by the Architect shall be taken to
be the total cost of works computing of fee due.
6. Construction stage up to 80% of fees due
The charge shall be the percentage of the architect’s total fee for his stage corresponding to the
architect’s estimate of the percentage of his total service in this stage already rendered. (The total fee
at the end of this stage is 80% of the architect fee had the project been completed to the end of the
construction stage)

7. Supervision stage up to 100% fees due


The charge shall be the percentage of the architects fees due to the architect on all works executed
by contractors and certified by the architect and 80% on the balance of the estimate cost as submitted
by the architect.

8. Resuming abandoned work


 If at a later date the works which have been postponed, cancelled or abandoned or any part are again
proceeded with, any payments made under this clause, shall rank solely as payments on account
towards the total fee ultimately on such works and calculated on their actual cost.

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 If the whole or any part of the works is postponed and additional services by the architect are
necessary in connection with the resumption of such works the architect shall be entitled to charge
for such additional work on a time basis.

SPECIAL SERVICES
The services described under this head require the payment of additional fees.
 TOWN PLANNING
Fees for town work shall be in accordance with the professional charges of the Institute of town
planners , India except that all layout shall be charged on a time basis.

 GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN


The cost all site works designed under the direction of the architect under the same or separate
building or landscape contractors shall be included in the total construction cost of the works and the
architect shall be entitled to the appropriate percentage fees. Specialist advice on the selection of
plants and materials visits to nurseries and all other additional services shall be charged on a time
basis.

 Interior decoration
Whether special services including the provisions of special sketch studies, detailed advice on the
selection of furniture, fittings and soft furnishings and supervision of making up such furnishings are
provided, the percentage fee for each stage of services shall be double that of new works.

 SHOP FITTINGS AND EXHIBITION WORKS


For shop fittings, shop fronts and interiors, exhibition design and similar works including both the
remodeling of existing shops and the design of new units both independently and within the shall of
an existing building, the percentage fee for each stage of the normal service shall be double that of
new works.
 FURNITURE AND FITTINGS
Fir advising on the selection and suitability of loose furniture, fittings and soft furnishings and
supervision of the installation where not covered above shall be on a time basis.
For the design of special items of furniture and fittings for limited production only the percentage fee
shall be 15% of the total production cost. Alternatively fees may be on a time basis.
For advising on the commissioning of special works of art, the selection of paintings and sculpture etc,
and for supervising their installation fees shall be on a time basis.
Building systems and components for the development of building systems percentage fees on the
total production cost may be agreed specially.

 LITIHATION AND ARBITRATION


For qualifying to give evidence, settling proofs, conference with solicitors, attendance in court or at
arbitration or before other tribunals, for service in connection with litigation and for arbitration fees
shall be on time basis.
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2. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES

The council of Architecture has prescribed the schedule of services based on general practice of the
profession in India. It is a detailed account of the services rendered by an Architect during the various
stages of construction. These are applicable to all registered Architects and such Architects who have
specialized in areas such as structural design, urban design, city planning, landscape architecture, and
Interior Architecture and Architectural conservation.

THE SCHEDULE (STAGES) OF SERVICES OF AN ARCHITECT IN INDIA PRESCRIBED BY THE COA

The Architect after taking instructions from the client renders services under the following stages:

CLIENTS BRIEF – STAGE 1

1. Client’s requirements – The architect ascertains the client’s requirements of the project.
2. Site visit – He visits the site and examines site constraints and potential.
3. Examines the codes, legislation and standards – as they affect the project.
4. Requirements list – He prepares in agreement with the client, a program of requirements.
5. Conditions of Engagements, scope of works/ fees – He acquaints the client with the conditions of
engagement and scale of charges.
6. Letter of Appointment – The client engages the architect and both effectively enter an agreement by
signing a standard latter of appointment.
7. Fees payable – Advance (Retainer) – The Architect is paid a retainer (Advance) of Rs.20000/- of the
total fees payable , whichever is higher, as a token of Intent

CONCEPT DESIGN – STAGE 2

1. Site evaluation – The architect prepares a report and site evaluation state of existing buildings, if any
and analysis and impact of proposed development of the immediate environment.
2. Survey of site- He obtains from the client or gets a detailed topographical survey of the site, prepared
at the client’s expense. This survey shall include all the necessary data related to the existing structure,
existing public utility lines, trees, pavements, roads, restrictions, easements and boundaries.
3. Soil tests – He obtains from the client or gets soil tests, site borings or such other tests on sub soil
conditions done at the client’s expense.
4. Conceptual designs – He prepares preliminary conceptual designs to explain his understanding of the
clients requirements.
5. Rough cost estimate of project – He prepares a rough estimate of the cost of the project on the basis
of the area. Under no circumstance does the architect guarantee such estimate of cost.
6. Fees payable – The fees payable to the Architect of this state is 10% of the total fees payable.

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWING – STAGE 3

1. Incorporate changes in drawings – The architect modifies the conceptual designs incorporating
required changes.
2. Preliminary drawings – he prepares the preliminary drawings, sketches, study mode; etc, for the
clients approval.
3. Preliminary cost estimate – he prepares a preliminary estimate of cost on the basis of the area.
4. Fee payable – The fees payable to the Architect at this stage is 20% of the total fees payable, less the
payment made at previous stage 2.

DRAWINGS FOR CLIENTS / STATUTORY APPROVALS – STAGE 4

1. Drawings for approval from statutory authorities – The architect incorporates the clients suggestions
prepare drawings necessary for approval from the client / statutory authorities.
2. Compliance – He ensures compliance with codes, standards and legislation as applicable.
3. Assist in obtaining approval – He assists the client in obtaining the statutory approval, if required.
4. Fees payable – The fees payable of the architect at this stage is 35% of the total fees payable, less the
payment made at previous stages 2 and 3.

WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS – STAGE 5

1. Provide information to consultants – The architect provides consultants with all the necessary
information to allow them to perform their specialist work.
2. Specifications, detailed estimate of cost – He prepares working drawings, specifications and
schedule of qualities sufficient to prepare estimate of cost, in consultation with his consultants).
3. Preparation of contract documents – He advises the client and gets approval on the form of contract
and method of placing the contract.
4. List of contractors – he prepares a short list of suitable contractors with appropriate justification.
5. Tender drawings – He prepares tender drawings including large scale details and tender documents
including mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control procedures and other
conditions of contract, to describe the whole project adequately for the purpose of placing the main
contract.
6. Fees payable – The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable, less
the payment made at previous stages 2,3 and 4.

APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS – STAGE 6


1. Invite tenders – The architect invites receives and analyses tenders.
2. Appointment of contractors – He advises the client on the appointment of the contractors.
3. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable , less the
payment made at previous stages 2,3, 4and 5.
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CONSTRUCTION – STAGE 7
1. Working drawings – The Architect prepares working drawings and details for the proper execution of
works during construction.
2. Issue drawings to contractors – He issues sufficient copies of working drawings, schedules,
specifications, bill of quantities and other contract documents to the contractors for the proper
execution of works.
3. Approve works progress schedule – he approve the works progress schedule prepared by the
contractors.
4. Approve samples – He approves samples of various elements and components submitted by the
contractors and vendors.
5. Appointment of site supervisor – he advises the client to appoint and pay a construction manager or
clerk of works or site supervisor for the day to day supervision at site, in order to ensure that the work
at site proceeds in accordance with the contract documents and drawings.
6. Attends meetings – He attends conferences, meetings to ensure that the project proceeds generally
in accordance with the conditions of contract.
7. Site visits – He visits site at intervals mutually agreed upon, to inspect and evaluate the construction
work keeps the client informed on the quality and progress of work.
8. Quality control check at site – The architect shall ensure that the drawings are being correctly
interpreted at site, and the finishing is of acceptable quality.
9. Advise on unexpected time/cost variations – He advises the client if the contract time is likely to be
varied, or if the total authorized expenditure is likely to be exceeded.
10. Check contractor’s bills – If required by the client, the architect checks the contractors application for
payment (sills) with the help of the site engineers and issues certifications authorizing payment an
additional fees of 1%.
11. Issue certificate of completion – He issues certificate of virtual completion of works.
12. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable, less the
payment made at previous stages 2,3, 4, 5 and 6.

COMPLETION – STAGE 8
1. Completion reports – The architect prepare and submit completion reports and drawings for the
project as required.
2. Occupation certificate – He assists the client in obtaining completion or occupation certificate from
the authorities wherever required.
3. As-built drawings – He issues two sets of as-built drawings including services and structures.
4. Fees payable- The fees payable to the architect at this stage is 45% of the total fees payable , less the
payment made at previous stages and the retainer.

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4. SCALE OF FEES

The council of architecture in consideration of the comprehensive professional services rendered by an


Architect has prescribed the scale of charges under the architects (professional conducts) regulations,
1989. The council of Architecture has reviewed the issue of architects fees in depth and the revised and
latest version of these documents, which was approved by the council at its 40th meeting are presented
here.

These documents stipulate the mandatory scale of professional charges with the intention of making the
client filly aware of the fees chargeable by an Architect. These documents are applicable to all registered
architects and such architects who have specialized in areas such as structural design, urban design, city
planning, landscape architecture, Interior architecture and architectural conservation.

HOUSING
Individual /independent house – 7.5% on the cost of works assigned.
Single block housing and sites up to 0.5 hectares – 5.0% on the cost of works assigned.
Site more than 0.5 hectares and up to 2.5 hectares – 3.5% on the cost of works assigned.
Site more than 02.5 hectares and up to 5 hectares – 2.5% on the cost of works assigned.
Site more than 5 hectares – 2% on the cost of works assigned.

ALL PROJECTS OTHER THAN HOUSING - 5.0% on the cost of works assigned.
REPEATION OF BUILDING IN SAME CAMPUS - 2.5% on the cost of works assigned.
REPEATION OF BUILDING AT A DIFFERENT SITE – 3.5% on the cost of works assigned
SITE DEVELOPMENT - 2.5% on the cost of works assigned
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVAATION, RETROFITTING, ADDITIONS, ALTERATIONS
- 7.5% on the cost of works assigned
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE, SIGNAGE, GRAPHIC DESIGN -7 .5% on the cost of works assigned
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - 7.5% on the cost of works assigned
URBAN DESIGN - 1.0% on the cost of works assigned
VERIFICATION & CERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTIOR BILLS – 1.0% in addition of above fees.

DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHARGES – 10% of the professional fees.


ADVISORY CONSULTANCY CHARGES – Rs. 10000/- per day for outstation project;
Rs.4000/- per day for local project.

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MODE OF PAYMENT/ SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT
The architect shall be paid professional fees in stage consistent with the work done. The stages of payment
are divided the courses of the construction and shall include the following:

 CLIENTS BRIEF – STAGE 1


On appointment and signing of agreement – Rs. 2000/- - or 5% of total fees payable adjustable at the
last stage based on the rough estimate of cost.
 CONCEPT DESIGN – STAGE 2
On submitting conceptual designs and rough estimate – 10% of total fees payable, based on the rough
estimate of cost.

 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWING – STAGE 3


On submitting the required preliminary scheme for the client approval along with the preliminary
estimate of cost – 20% of total fees payable less payment already made based on preliminary estimate
of cost.

 DRAWINGS FOR CLIENTS/ STATUTORY APPROVALS –STAGE 4


On incorporating client’s suggestions and submitting drawings for approval from the client / statutory
bodies – 35% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of cost.
 WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS – STAGE – 5
On preparation of working drawings specifications, schedule of quantities, estimate and tender
documents - 45% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of cost.

 APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS – STAGE 6


On inviting receiving and analyzing tenders and advising the client on appointment of contractors -
55% of total fees payable, less payment already made, based on preliminary of cost.
 CONSTRUCTION – STAGE 7
On submitting working drawings and details required for commencement of work at site - 65% of total
fees payable, less payment already made, based on accepted tender cost.
 On completion of 20% of work at site - 70% of total fees payable, less payment already made,
based on accepted tender cost.
 On completion of 40% of work at site - 75% of total fees payable, less payment already made,
based on accepted tender cost.
 On completion of 60% of work at site - 80% of total fees payable, less payment already made,
based on accepted tender cost.
 On completion of 80% of work at site - 85% of total fees payable, less payment already made,
based on accepted tender cost.
 On virtual completion of work at site - 90% of total fees payable, less payment already made,
based on accepted tender cost.

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 COMPLETION – STAGE 8
 On submitting completion report and drawings for the project required in obtaining completion /
occupation certificate from statutory authorities and on issue of as-built drawings - 100% of total fees
payable, less payment already made, based on Actual total cost.

 DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHARGES


 Apart from the professional fee, the client shall pay to the architect documentation and
communication charges, @ 10% of the professional fee payable to the architect at all for discharge
stages.
 REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES
 In addition to the amounts reimbursable against site visits by the architect/ consultant the client will
reimburse the architect the following expenses incurred by him for discharge o his obligations.
 Actual cost of travel (to & fro) boarding lodging and local transport for any visit made by his staff to
the site or such other place as may be necessary in connection with the execution of work and in
connection with the performance of duties referred to in this agreement.
 Cost of presentation models, computer simulation, presentation drawings etc, prepared at the
instance of the client for purposes other than the design and execution of the project.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF ENGAGEMENT

CLIENTS ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

 The client shall discharge all his obligations connected with the project and engagement of the
architect as follows:
 To provide detailed requirements of the project.
 To provide property lease / ownership documents.
 To provide a site plan, to a suitable scale, showing boundaries, contours at suitable intervals, existing
physical features including any existing roads, paths, trees, existing structures, existing service and
utility lines and such lines to which the proposed service for the survey collection of necessary
information pay for the same.
 To furnish reports on soil conditions and soil tests as required by the architect.
 To furnish specific conditions/ statutory stipulations/ codes of practice/ schedule of rates etc, desired
to be followed.
 To pay all fees, levies, security deposits and expenses in respect of statutory sanction.
 To give effect to the professional advice of the architect and cause no change in the drawings and
documents without the consent of the Architect.
 To honor architects bills within one month of its submission.
 To appoint a construction manager as per the Architects advice.

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EXECUTION OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

 The architect shall appoint specialized consultants in consultation with the client, of necessary.
 The architect shall be responsible for the direction and integration of the consultants work. The
consultants however shall be fully responsible for the calculations, the detailed design and periodic
inspection and evaluation of the architect shall keep the client informed about the progress of work
in his office.
 The work entrusted to them. The architect shall, if requested make available the design calculations.
 The architect will advice the client on the time schedule (bar chart/ pert/ CPM network) prepared by
the contractors for the completion of work, if required.
 The architect shall supply to the client, free of cost, up to six sets of drawings at different stages.
 Any professional services to be rendered by the architect at the instance of the client after the agreed
project completion period shall be compensated for on mutually agreed terms.
 The architect shall exercise all responsible skill, care and diligence in the discharge of his duties and
shall exercise such general superintendence and inspection as may be necessary to ensure that works
are being executed in accordance with the conditions of contract.
 Any revision in the drawings , tenders and documents, once approved, required to be made by the
client shall be compensated as additional services rendered by the architect and paid for @ 50% the
fee prescribed for the relevant stage.(s).
 No change shall be made in the approved drawings and specifications at site without the consent of
the architect.
 Any curtailment of the professional services, beyond stage 2, shall make it obligatory for the client to
pay at least 20% of the fee for the remaining stage(s) of the curtailment work/services.

TIME SCHEDULE
The architect shall, in consultation with the client, prepare a time schedule in respect of various services
to be rendered and discharge of client’s obligations.

INDEMNIFICATION:
In the event that a claim o suit is brought against the architect or the consultants by any third party for
damages arising from personal injury or property damage caused wholly by the client, or anyone
employed by the client, or anyone for whose acts the client may be held responsible, then the client
shall indemnity the architects and fully reimburse any loss, damage or expenses, including the attorney’s
fees, which the architect may incur in connection therewith.

OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT:
Architectural design is an intellectual property of the architect. The drawings specifications, documents
and models as instruments of service are the property of the Architect whether the project, for which
they are made, is executed or not. The client shall retain copies of the architect’s models, drawings,
specifications and other documents for his information and use in connection with the project. These
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shall not be used for any other project by the client or the architect or any other person, except for the
repetition as stipulated in the scale of charges.

TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT:
 Agreement between the architect and the client may be terminated by either one giving the other a
written notice of not less than 30 days, should either fail substantially to perform his part of
responsibilities/ duties, so long as the failure is not caused by the one initiating the termination.
 When termination of this agreement is not related or attributable, directly or indirectly to any act,
omission, neglect and default on the part of the architect, the architect shall be entitled to
professional fees as stipulated under clause 4 and sub-clauses 9.09 & 9.11 of clause 9.
 In the event of architects firm closing its business or the client having terminated the agreement, the
client shall have the right to employ another architect to complete work, after making payment to the
previous architects firm.

INTERPRETATION:
In case of any ambiguity or difficulty in the interpretation of the conditions of engagement and scale
of charges, the interpretation of the council of architecture shall be final and binding on the architect
and the client.

ARBITRATION:
All disputes or differences which may arise between the client and the architect under “conditions of
engagement and scale of charges” with regard to the meaning or interpretation or matter or things
done or to be done in pursuance hereof, such disputes and differences shall be referred for arbitration
to the council of architecture. The arbitrator shall be appointed by the president, council of
architecture. The arbitration shall be conducted as per the provisions of the arbitration and
conciliation Act, 1996. The decision and award of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the
Architect and the client.

……..

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Questions- Unit II-part 1
Two Marks

1. What are the special services rendered by an architect?


2. Write the services and scale of fees for interior design works.
3. Mention the different stages in which an architect can collect his fees.
4. On what basis, would you make your claim of fees from your clients?
5. What are the obligations of an architect towards supervision of works?
6. Explain the necessary conditions of an agreement between the client and an architect?
7. Explain briefly the fee structure stipulated by COA for housing projects. Explain the services to be
rendered for the same?
8. What are the advantages of providing “comprehensive services”?
9. Is constant supervision part of an architect’s responsibility?
10. What are the reimbursable expenses which an architect can claim from his clients?
11. What are the special services of an architect?
12. What do you understand by scale of fees?

Eight & Sixteen Marks

13. Describe in detail, condition for engagement of an architect for professional service. (8)
14. Enumerate the professional services rendered by an architect. (8)
15. Is there any difference between the fees structure and guidelines stipulated by COA for comprehensive
services? What are they? (8)
16. Elaborate on the “Mode of payment” as spelt out in (Professional conduct) regulations 1989 for the
various stages of an architect. (8)
17. On what basis the fees is to be paid at each stage? (8)
18. Bring out the fees structure stipulated by COA and the architectural projects. Do you think these
provisions are practical. Give reasons.
19. Explain briefly the fees structure stipulated by COA for interior, urban design projects and housing
projects. Explain the service rendered for the same.
20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of lump sum.
21. Discuss in detail the schedule of services to be performed by an architect to his clients.(8)
22. What are ‘reimbursable expenses’? For which services an architect is entitled for
reimbursement from his clients?(8)
23. Differentiate between comprehensive and partial services performed by an architect.
24. What are the responsibilities of a client towards his architect?
25. Why is it necessary to include termination clause between an architect and his client?

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Part 2 ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS
1. IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS
Architectural competitions have a long history, and have produced many extremely successful buildings.
They attract great public interest, and have led to the discovery of new talent and new ideas by throwing
an architectural project wide open to competition. To many clients the choice of an architect presents no
difficulty, but to many others the choice is not easy. The clients desire to see the sketch designs of several
architects before he commissions one is understandable, but to ask an architect to submit a sketch design
is to ask him to do the essential creative work for which he should be properly paid. If more than one or
two architects are commissioned, payment to each would be expensive. This is where an architectural
competition can benefit both the client and the architects who participate. The architectural profession,
unlike many other professions, allows architect to complete against each other without charging a fee in
an open architectural competition held under council of architecture guidelines.

THE ADVANTAGES OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS:


The architectural competition is a balance of advantages for both the client and the architects.

ADVANTAGES FOR ARCHITECTS:


1. Explore hidden talents: One of the principal aims of the competition to explore hidden talents among
younger architects. To many architects, it is often the first step to a successful career.
2. Chance to prove their talent and ability: Architects who would not have been considered the normal
way for an important commission, perhaps for a building of national importance have an opportunity
to prove their talent and ability.
3. Opportunity for research: Many architects regard competitions as a valuable opportunity for research,
perhaps for the study of a new building type, or for exploring the possibilities of new technical ideas
and for gaining new experience.

ADVANTAGES FOR CLIENT:


1. Possibility that an outstanding design will emerge: A competition will cost the client a little more than
if he had commissioned an architect privately though it will take a little more time. But this must be
balanced against the chance to draw, upon the talents of all those who respond to the architectural
challenge, and the possibility that an outstanding design will emerge.
2. Client has a choice: Architectural competitions give the client a choice from the best viable projects
and with a variety of approaches.
3. Wide range of ideas: Competitions brings out a wide range of ideas and concepts and gives the client
the choice of selecting that which fits into his specific requirements.
4. Greater public interest: Also, by promoting a competition, the client makes a public demonstration
that he cares about architecture, and can take legitimate pride in his determination to find the best

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architect and the best design he can get. He will be rewarded with a greater public interest than is
generally shown in new buildings.

2. TYPES OF COMPETITIONS

 PROJECT AND IDEAS COMPETITIONS


Competitions may be either “projects” or “Ideas” competitions or in certain circumstances a
combination of both. The aim of a project competition is to find the best solution for an actual building
project and to appoint its author to carry out the commission. Competitions of ideas are set as an
exercise to elucidate certain aspects of architectural and town planning problems. The winner of such
a competition may not be commissioned to carry out the project, and hence students of architecture
may participate at the discretion of the promoter.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPETITIONS
1. OPEN COMPETITIONS
Competitions in which all architects are invited to participate through an announcement by
advertisements in suitable media and through circulars which may be issued by the promoters.
Open competitions for projects estimated at less than rs.100000/- may be restricted to architects
who have their main or branch office in the state of the project site.

2. LIMITED COMPETITIONS FOR COMPETITIONS BY INVITATION


Competitions in which limited amount of architects (approx 5 to 8) selected by the promoter on
the advice of the senior architect assessor or board of assessors are invited to participate. Each
participant who submits his designs shall receive an honorarium.

3. SPECIAL COMPETITIONS
Besides competitions described in (1) and (2) above a competition may also combine town
planning as well as design problem, any may involve the use of industrial components or
participation of developers. In such competitions participation may be required to be limited to
professionals or group of professionals with certain definite expertise. In such cases the
competition announcement shall clearly define the field of expertise.

COMPETITION ORGANISATION:

Competitions may be organized in one or two stages.


1. SINGLE STAGE COMPETITION
 In single stage competition the competition entries shall be fairly complete drawings i.e plans, section,
elevations, etc, to a suitable scale and sufficient to explain the scheme as set out in the competition
conditions.

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 The designs so submitted shall be assessed by the assessors for the award of the prizes and the
appointment of the architect.
 Such competitions are recommended for small and simple project.

2. TWO STAGE COMPETITION


 In two stage competition, the first stage is for soliciting ideas and therefore the competition entries
at this stage would be limited to planning on board basis and drawings to a suitable scale sufficient to
indicate the intentions of the competitor.
 Designs submitted in the first stage shall be assessed by the assessors for selecting a small number of
competitors (between 5 to 10). The author of these selected designs will be invited to take part in the
second stage of the competition, and each architect so invited would be paid a specified sum.
 To ensure this anonymity the envelopes containing the names of the competitors shall be opened by
the promoter of professional adviser if appointed. After the intimation has been sent to each
competitor they shall be resealed until the final award.
 After the end of the first stage, the board of assessors may if found necessary and with the approval
of the promoter, clarify or amplify points in the competition conditions for the benefit of the second
stage competitors. Such clarification shall not in any way disclose directly or indirectly or even
inadvertently any of the designs submitted in the first stage to those invited for the second stage.
 The period between the Assessors award for the first stage and submission of designs for the second
stage shall not exceed six months. Only under exceptional circumstances period may be extended.
 The second stage of the competition may be limited to only a part of the subject dealt with in the first
stage.
 Members of the board of assessors shall be the same for first stage and second stage of the
competition.
 The designs submitted for both the first stage and the second stage shall be exhibited and /or
published only after the final award of the second stage competition.
 If any design selected for the second stage is published or exhibited before the final award of the
second stage has been declared, it will be disqualified.

3. REGIONAL SPECIAL CATEGORY COMPETITIONS


This type of competition is intended for small projects of charitable organizations in which four to six
local firms will complete for the appointment as the architect. No premiums are given and the winner
shall be appointed to carry out the project.

3.COA GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS

The council of architecture lays down competition guidelines, to protect and safeguard the interests of
both the client and the competitors. These guidelines provide a new up to date code that brings the
system into line with present day conditions.

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The purpose of these guidelines is to explain the architectural competition system. They indicate the
principles upon which competitions will be conducted and the rules which must be observed by a
promoter for conducting competitions. They also help the client who is thinking of promoting a
competition to make up his mind on whether a competition is the right answer to his architectural
problem, and if so which kind of competition would be suitable.

These guidelines have been drawn up in the interest of both the client and the competitor and to ensure
that each competitor competes so similar conditions and that, selection of the design will be on merit
alone. Both the client and the competitor are assured by these guidelines that the entries will be judged
only by those who are qualified to interpret the competitors presentations and to judge if the design
selected meets with the clients requirements.

3.1 ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION DETAILS


The conditions of competitions shall be finalized within the framework of the guidelines prescribed
by the council of architecture any announcement is made by the promoter of the competition. The
conditions of the competitions shall clearly give:
1. Type of competition
2. Propose of the competition and intentions of the promoter.
3. Nature of the problem to be solved.
4. All practical and mandatory requirements to be met by the competitors.
5. Number, nature, scale and dimensions of the documents, plan and / or models.
6. Estimates if required in standard form issued with the conditions.
7. Nature of prizes, Honoraria.
8. Names of Assessors.
9. Necessary information required for conduct in the competition.
10. The competition shall be conducted in English.
11. All competition designs shall submit anonymously.
12. Publicity could begin with the invitation of architects to participate through widely read media.
13. This could be followed by press conferences
14. Then the publication of the assessors report and
15. Finally, public exhibition all the entries.
16. PRIZES, HONORARIA
No competition shall be conducted without adequate premium/ honoraria and the competition
conditions and the media announcements must state the amounts and number of prizes for the
competition. The promoter undertakes to accept the decisions and the awards of the board of
Assessors and within 3 months of the date thereof to pay the prizes.
17. COPYRIGHT & RIGHT OF PRODUCTION
Each competitor shall retain copyright in his own competition design. A competitor wishing to submit
more than one scheme may do so with payment for each additional entry. Each scheme should be

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submitted separately. Each competitor shall retain the right of reproduction of his own competition
design.

18. ANONMITY
Anonymity will be strictly observed at all stages of the competition by the competitors, by the board
of Assessors, by the promoter and by all those concerned with the competition.

COMPETITION TIME TABLE


a. The notice of competition shall clearly indicate the last date for application for the
competition conditions and the last date for submission of the design drawings.
b. The conditions of the competition shall clearly indicate.
 The last date for submission of questions.
 Approximate date when the answers to the questions will be sent to the competitors.
 The final date for the dispatch of entries by the competitors and for the receipt of the same by the
promoter.
 Sufficient time shall be allowed for transport more particularly for open competitions where the
competitors will be from all over the country.
 The interval between the date of dispatch and the date of delivery of the entries to the promoter
should be between five and ten days.
 In case of late delivery of the entry dispatched before the last date for dispatch, it will be the
responsibility of the board of Assessors to decide whether the entry was dispatched in accordance
with the competition time table and if circumstances can permit its admission for judging.

c. The competition time shall under no circumstances be shortened.


d. The board of assessors shall decide upon the judging dates at the early stage of the
competition and the date of announcement of the awards shall also be included in the
conditions of the competition. In case of two stage competitions however the conditions of
competition shall indicate dates limited to the first stage only. All the dates in respect of the
second stage shall form part of the conditions with reference to the second stage.
e. In case of unavoidable delay in judging, a new date shall be fixed by the board of assessors
which shall be confirmed by all its members and publicity announced.

3.2 ASSESSORS OF AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION


The entries in a competition will be judged by Assessors only those who are qualified to interpret
the competitor’s presentations and to judge if the design selected meets with the client’s
requirements. The board of assessors shall at all times include architects who are registered with
the council of architecture and shall be in a majority of at least one. Once the client decides to go in
for a competition, the appointment of the Assessors is the first step. The president of the council of
architecture, if so requested by the client, may suggest a panel of names experienced in this type of
proposed project, for appointment as Assessors.

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THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF ASSESSORS IN AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
For practical reasons, the responsibilities of the Assessors are often taken by the Senior Assessor
who is then available to advise the client on all matters connected with the competition. The (senior)
Assessor responsibilities are briefly summarized below:

1. Assist in the preparation and approval of the project brief.


2. Study and understand the requirements of the local authorities.
3. Visit and examine the project site, if necessary.
4. Advise on the appointment of the Technical Advisors if necessary.
5. Finalize the competition conditions.
6. Prepare the final report/ award.

3.3 PROJECT BRIEF


The project brief is the most important document. The success of the competition will depend upon
the clarify and the completeness of the brief. This can be achieved by a very close cooperation
between the client and the Assessors (or the senior assessor) in the preparation and finalization of
the brief. As qualified architects they would be capable of visualizing the development with
reference to the clients requirements, site conditions etc, and in interpreting the competition
entries in these terms. Once the client’s requirements, the site conditions, the requirements of the
local authorities etc. have been formulated into the competition brief, the Assessors (or senior
assessor) can advise the promoter on the type of competition should be promoted.

3.4 TECHNICAL ADVISOR


For complicated projects such as hospitals, Airports, etc, which are under constant development or
projects encompassing highly technical elements, a technical advisor would be considered
necessary in the initial stage to help the client and the Assessors to draw up the brief and
subsequently to advise the Assessors on the technical aspect of the competition entries. The
technical advised may be consulted on any aspect of the competition and he may be asked to be
present during the judging to give advice on entries when he is invited to do so, but he shall not
take part in the judging process.

3.5 PROFESSIONAL ADVISOR


For two stages competition a professional adviser who shall be an architect registered with the
council of architecture may be appointed. He will not be connected with the boar of Assessors or
attend any of its meetings. It will be the responsibility of the professional adviser to maintain the
anonymity of each competitor and those selected for the second stage of the competition. On
completion of the first stage of the competition the sealed envelopes containing the names of the
competitors shall be opened only by the promoter or professional Adviser if appointed and he shall
without disclosing any one of the names to anyone inform each competitor individually whether he

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has not been invited for the second stage. all the envelopes shall then be resealed by the
professional Adviser / Promoter till the final award. If after the first stage, the board of Assessors
wishes to clarify or amplify any aspect of the selected for the second stage only by the professional
Adviser / promoter.

3.6 ELIGIBILITY TO COMPETE AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION


Participation in any all competitions shall be open to:
1. Architects i.e those who are registered with the council of Architecture under the architects Act,
1972 on the date of announcement of the competition and thereafter.
2. Firms in which all the partners shall be registered with the council of architecture under the
architect Act 1972 on the date of announcement of the competition thereafter.
3. Students of a teaching Institution, the qualifying examination of which is recognized by the
council of architecture provided that no member of the staff of the said institution is the sole
Assessor or in a jury if three or more Assessors, only one Assessor is form the staff of the said
institution.
4. Neither of promoter of the competition, Assessors / engaged for the competition nor any of
their associate, partner or employee shall complete assist a competitor or act as an Architect or
joint Architect for the competition project.
5. Proof of qualification: Competitor may be requested to submit a proof of qualification copy of
his valid registration certificate issued by the council of architecture, and in case of a student, a
certificate from the head of his Institution.

3.7 PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS


Once the promoter decides to promote an architectural competition, he then invites Architects/
students to submit designs in competition, in accordance with the guidelines of the council of
architecture .It is not the intention of the Promoter to build, the competition is promoted as as=n
exercise in design/ or planning, to draw attention to something and to assist the community by
facilitating further research and through onto the problem.

1. INVITATION
It is extremely important for competitors who may be asked to pay substantial registration fees
to know exactly when they are registered and under what conditions the registrations will be
refunded. It is also important for intending competitors to receive sufficient information when
they are invited to apply for the competition and whether they are capable of tackling the
problem set by the competition. The invitation should include.

1. A descriptive leaflet and/ or an advertisement in general and professional media. These


should include the following information.
2. Name of the Promoter.

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3. Purpose and nature of the competition. This should be carefully worded to give a clear idea
of the scope of the project whether it is a project or an ideas competition, single or 2 stage
competition and the type of material that a competitor would be asked to submit.
4. The prizes (or honoraria)
5. Names of Assessors
6. Persons eligible to complete
7. An approximate time table
8. The procedure for registration, the last date for registration and the date by which the
competition conditions should be made available by the promoter.
9. Copies of this leaflet with a registration form attached (see model form) should be available
from the promoter.

2. THE PROCEDURE FOR ENTERING INTO AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION


1. Fill in the registration form – A competitor must complete the registration form as per the
instructions given on the form and send it by registered post or hand delivery to the charge
a registration fee.
2. Entry of competitor’s name in competition register – It will establish his eligibility to
compete. The registration is only complete when the promoter accepts the competitor’s
eligibility by placing his name on the competition register and informs him in writing
accordingly.
3. The competition conditions- will be sent to the intending competitor by the promoter only
when this established and his name is entered in the competition register.
4. Competitor’s questions – if any must be written on the questions form and sent to the
promoter’s address before a given date. An explanatory memorandum dealing with the
questions submitted will be dispatched to all the competitors and will form part of the
conditions and instructions of the competition.

3. SUBMISSION OF DESIGNS
1. Retain copies – Submission of design implies acceptance of the competition conditions.
Competitors are advised to retain copies of the design submitted.
2. All plans and accompanying documents and envelopes comprising a competition entry must
bear on the top right hand a 1 cm high six digit number of competitor’s choice. No other
symbol, motto or distinguishing mark will be placed on any part of the competition entry.
The design and the documents of each competitor shall be dispatched in a single packet
using the label(s) provided.
3. Each design must be accompanied by a declaration/ proof of identity form signed by the
competitor or joint competitor’s and enclosed in the envelope provided. Each competitor
must be prepared to satisfy the board of Assessors that he is the bonafide author of the
design he has submitted.

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4. Competition designs delivered by hand should reach the promoter at his address not later
than the given date and time. Receipt with date and time of delivery will be issued by the
promoter to the competitors.
5. Competition designs sent by post or through forwarding agent must be dispatched not later
than the given date and time. Proof of dispatch clearly showing the date of dispatch shall
be forwarded to the promoter separately with a covering letter informing him of the
dispatch of the competition designs.
6. All drawings, documents, report and photographs should be packed together in a plain
brown paper and sealed. This packet will also include the sealed envelope containing the
declaration/ proof of identity form.

4. THE JUDGING PROCEDURE IN AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION


1. The promoter will place a secretary at the disposal of the board of Assessors to minute their
meetings and record their decisions.
2. The deliberations of the board of Assessors will be secret. No member of the board or
technical Adviser of the promoter’s staff or competition secretary any disclose any details
of the competitions, deliberations or decisions.
3. The decisions of the board of Assessors are final and binding on the promoter.
4. The promoter will announce the award of the competition not later than two weeks after
the judging has been complete.
5. A copy of the report of the board of Assessors will be sent to each competitor at the same
time as the board’s award is made public.

5. TERMINATION OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION

If against all expectations entertained by the Promoter, the result of the competition is such that
none of the participants could be declared by the Assessor as the winner of the competition,
competition could be regarded as terminated and the promoter will on the advice of the board of
Assessors award the second, third and the additional prizes to the entries selected by the Board.

6. ANNOUNCEMENT OF RESULTS

1. The promoter will publish the award of the Board of Assessors and inform the council of
architecture after having first informed the authors of the prize winning and permitted designs
individually by telegrams and confirmed by letters.
2. All designs including those disqualified by the Board of Assessors will be exhibited together with
the copy of the signed report of the Board of Assessors. The dates of the exhibition will also be
conveyed individually to all competitors in advance.
3. Names of all competitors will be displayed at the exhibition. However, competitors of the
designs not permitted may choose to remain anonymous. They should so indicate on the
envelope containing their declaration/ proof of identity form.

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7. PROCEDURE FOR RETURNING OF EBTRIES AFTER AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION
COMES TO AN END
Within one month after closing of the exhibition, all entries except the design placed first
will be returned to the postal address given in the declaration form, by the promoter at his
own cost. If the delivery to any such addresses is not accepted, a notification to that effect
will be sent by the promoter by registered post to the said postal address and the entry will
be kept by the promoter with him for collection by the competitor for a period of three
months from the date of the registered letter. After that the promoter will be free to
dispose of the entry at will.

8. PROMOTER’S RIGHTS IN AN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION

1. Drawings of the designs winning the first prize will be retained by the promoter as his
property.
2. Copyright of all designs including the designs winning the first prize will be that of the
authors of the designs.
3. Design awarded the first prize only will be used by the promoter.
4. The promoters right on the designs awarded the first prize covers one execution. Repetition
of the said design by the promoter will be with the written permission of the author and on
confirmation of suitable terms.
5. No other designs whether permitted or not shall be used wholly or partly by the Promoter.
6. Each competitor shall retain the right of reproduction of his designs.

In the event of dispute not related to the judging procedure or the award of the Board of
Assessors, the settlement will be by arbitration without recourse to the legal authorities.

9. APPOINTMENT OF WINNER

1. The author of the winning design will be appointed as the architect for the project.
2. The promoter shall; confirm in writing the appointment of the winner of the competition as
the architect and the prize money due to him shall be an advance towards his fees,
adjustable in the final installment of fees.
3. In the unusual event when the promoter decides not to appoint the winner of the
competition as architect, he will compensate him with twice the sum of the total prize
money, in addition to the prize money awarded to him as winner.
4. If in the opinion of the board of Assessors, the winner does not have adequate experience
commensurate with the complexity or magnitude of the project, he may he required to
associate with an architectural firm who in the opinion of the Board of Assessors would
have the experience.

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5. The promoter will start the project as soon as it is possible. If due to unforeseen
circumstances, the construction of the project is delayed, the promoter will pay the winner
Architect after one year from the date of award, in addition to the prize money, an account
equivalent to twice the prize money amount.
6. If for any reasons the project is called off or cancelled, the promoter will pay the winner in
addition to the amount mentioned above, a further amount equivalent to the prize money.

This total amount will be regarded as the final reward for all his work amd it shall constitute
full discharged by the promoter.

10. EXHIBITION OF ENTRIES


1. All competition including those disqualified by the board of shall be exhibited for at
least one week together with a copy of the signed report of the board of Assessors.
2. The promoter shall notify all the competitors and shall also announce in suitable
media the days and place of the public exhibition of the competition.
3. The promoters shall submit to the council of architecture a copy of the signed
report of the jury and if requested photographs of the permitted designs for
possible publication.

11. RETURN OF DESIGN DRAWINGS


All drawings, plans, models etc, submitted by the competitor expect those of the winning
design shall be returned by the promoter at the end of the public exhibition at his own cost.
The drawings, plans, models of the winning design shall be returned to its author on being
appointed as the architect for the project or after six months from the date of
announcement of the award by the board of Assessors whichever is early.
……..

Questions- Unit II - PART 2


Two Marks

26. Name the different types of architectural competitions.


27. What are the duties of an assessor in a competition?
28. What is the purpose of exhibiting the entries in a competition after the completion of selection process?
29. Explain the importance of ”brief” in an architectural competition?
30. Describe the context where the “special competition” needs to be organized? Explain with an example.
31. Explain the appointment and role /duties of assessors?
32. State few important reasons to the rejection of entries in Architectural competitions?
33. Explain the importance of a technical advisor in an architectural competition?
34. On what basis an entry in an architectural competition can be rejected?
35. Mention the purpose of conducting architectural competitions?

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36. What are the different types of competitions?

Eight Marks

37. Describe in detail the procedure for the conduct of architectural competitions in India as per the COA
norms.
38. Architectural competitions are a boon to young aspirants. Do you agree? Give reasons for your reply.
39. “Assessors”- appointment and role/duties of assessors.
40. “Arbitrators”-appointment and role /duties of arbitrators.
41. Details of reasons to disqualify the entries of the competition.
42. Explain the objectives for promoting the architectural competitions. What are the guidelines and
regulations governed by COA for the conduct of open competitions? Explain the same with any of the
famous competition project held in this country.
43. What are two stage architectural competitions? Elaborate on method of holding them.
44. Differentiate between an open competition and limited competition.
45. What are the advantages of holding architectural competition?
46. Explain the importance of ‘brief’ in architectural competitions.

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2 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE AND ETHICS
7 LECTURE BY ASSO.PROF.A.SIVARAMAN M.ARCH (GENERAL ARCHITECTURE).,MCA.,AIIA

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