TRAINING REPORT

INDORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

7, RACE COURSE ROAD on Construction of Multi Storey

Residential Cum Commercial Building Scheme No. 140,
Indore (M.P.)

Submitted to

Department Of Civil Engineering

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of B.E.in Civil Engineering

Guided by Submitted by

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this report on training at IDA.

I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer for issuing a training letter,
which made my training possible at IDA.

I would like to express my gratitude to for his invaluable suggestion,

motivation, guidance and support throughout training. His methodology to start from
simple and then deepen through made me to bring out this project report with anxiety.

Thanks to all other IDA officials, operators and all other members of IDA, yet uncounted
for their help in completing the project and see the light of success.

I am very thankful to my friends, colleagues and all other persons who rendered their
assistance directly or indirectly to complete this project work successfully.

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. student of has successfully completed his

vocational training at Construction of Multi Storey Residential Cum Commercial
Building Scheme No. 140, Indore (M.P.).

From: to

We appreciate his effort and hard work during this period. We wish him good luck for his
career.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 CONTENT

S.No. DESCRIPTION

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROJECT OVERVIEW

3. SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK

4. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND MATERIAL USED

5. TEST CONDUCTED ON SITE FOR QUALITY CONTROL

6. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

7. CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION

INDORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, also known as IDA is the urban planning

agency serving Indore Metropolitan Region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It was
established in 1973 under Madhya Pradesh Town and Country Planning Act, 1973. The
headquarters of the authority is,7 Race Course Road, Indore.

Town and Country Planning Office Bhopal, preparing the master plan for Indore. The role
of IDA is to implement the master plan. The present master plan is proposed for the year
2011. The proposals related to development of residential schemes, new links in the
presentation transportation network etc. The master plan gives only the proposal.

The function of IDA is to control and regulate the development. If the private developers
make plans for any institutional, residential, or any other area, then they are required to be
approved by IDA. If the plan does not meet according to the requirements of existing
proposals of the master plan then it is not given the approval. In case if the matter is not
solved by the IDA then it goes to the TCPO.

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 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Proposed high rise residential/ commercial

Name of the project development on land bearing plot no. RCM

Proposed capacity / area / length / tonnage
to be handled / command area / lease area /
number of wells to be drilled
Location
Plot/Survey/Khasra No
Nearest railway station/airport along with
distance in kms.
-13 at IDA scheme -140 district – Indore
The land use of the proposed project is as
under:- Total plot area-9158.00 Sq. Mt.
(0.915 Hect.) Net Proposed Area (New
Demarcated Land) – 6600.50 Sq.mt. Built
up area –26670.56 Sq. Mt.(FAR + Non
FAR + Basement & Covered Parking)
The project involves the construction of
residential/ commercial block/Tower
(2B+G+10) having 2BHK 54 nos., 3BHK –
18 Nos., 4 BHK – 25 Nos., 1 No. Club
House, 19 Nos. Shops. The total maximum
heights of the project will be 36 Mts.
Coordinates: 22°42'15.71"N, 75°55'2.18"E
Village.- Pipliyahana, Tehsil & District-
Indore (M.P.)
Plot No. RCM -13 of IDA Scheme No.140
Khasra No. 564, 565, 569/1, 569/2, 569/3,
569/4, 569/5 (Combined for RCM 13 & 14
part of IDA Scheme No. 140)
Indore Railway Station is at a distance of
about 5.5 KMS (E). Indore Airport at a
distance of about 13.4 KMS(E).

Name of the applicant Indore Development Authority

Registered Address 7, RACE COURSE ROAD, INDORE

(M.P.)

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 SEQUENCE OF STRUCTURE WORK

 Site clearance
 Demarcation of Site
 Positioning of central coordinates i.e.(0,0,0) as per grid plan
 Surveying plan
 Excavation
 Laying of PCC
 Bar Binding and placement of foundation steel
 Shuttering and Scaffolding
 Concreting
 Electrical and Plumbing
 Deshuttering
 Brickwork
 Doors and windows frame
 Wiring for electrical purposes
 Plastering
 Flooring and tiling work
 Painting
 Final completion and handing over the project

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 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND MATERIAL USED

SITE CLEARANCE

Land: There will be total scrapping off land to the tune of 19576 cu.m during excavation
activities, out of this 2447 cu.m topsoil will be used for landscaping remaining 17129 cu.m
mixed soil will be used within the site & nearby areas of scheme no. 140 for filling purpose
of low lying area.

Buildings: Earlier the plot has been used for the temporary storage shelter of RCM 10 &
11 construction site, which have been now cleared from the present site, hence no building
structure is available on site.

Vegetation: Project site encompasses some common plant species which will be remained
as it.

EXCAVATION

Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically. Normally 1-2 earth
excavators (JCB’s) were used for excavating the soil. Adequate precautions are taken to
see that the excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures. Excavation is
carried out providing adequate side slopes and dressing of excavation bottom. The soil
present beneath the surface was too clayey so it was dumped and was not used for back
filling. The filling is done in layer not exceeding 20 cm layer and than its compacted.
Depth of excavation was 25’ from ground level.

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 Fig.1 Excavation work at site

LAYING OF PCC

After the process of excavation, laying of plain cement concrete that is PCC is done. A
layer of 4 inches was made in such a manner that it was not mixed with the soil. It provides
a solid base for the raft foundation and a mix of 1:5:10 that is, 1 part of cement to 5 parts
of fine aggregates and 10 parts of coarse aggregates by volume were used in it. Plain
concrete is vibrated to achieve full compaction. Concrete placed below ground should be
protected from falling earth during and after placing. Concrete placed in ground containing
deleterious substances should be kept free from contact with such a ground and with water
draining there from during placing and for a period of seven days. When joint in a layer of
concrete are unavoidable, and end is sloped at an angle of 30 and junctions of different
layers break joint in laying upper layer of concrete. The lower surface is made rough and
clean watered before upper layer is laid.

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 Fig. 2 Laying of PCC

LAYING OF FOUNDATION

At our site, sloped footings are used to spread the load from a structure over a large area,
normally the entire area of the structure. Sloped footings are trapezoidal footings. They
are designed and constructed with great care to see the top slope of 45 degree is maintained
from all sides. When compared the trapezoidal footing with flat footing, the usage of
concrete is less. Thus, it reduces the cost of footing in concrete as well as reinforcement.

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 Fig. 3 Sloped footing

CEMENT

Portland cement is composed of calcium silicates and aluminate and aluminoferrite It is

obtained by blending predetermined proportions limestone clay and other minerals in
small quantities which is pulverized and heated at high temperature – around 1500 deg
centigrade to produce ‘clinker’. The clinker is then ground with small quantities of gypsum
to produce a fine powder called Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). When mixed with
water, sand and stone, it combines slowly with the water to form a hard mass called
concrete. Cement is a hygroscopic material meaning that it absorbs moisture In presence
of moisture it undergoes chemical reaction termed as hydration. Therefore cement remains
in good condition as long as it does not come in contact with moisture. If cement is more
than three months old then it should be tested for its strength before being taken into use.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has classified OPC in three different grades The
classification is mainly based on the compressive strength of cement-sand mortar cubes of
face area 50 cm2 composed of 1 part of cement to 3 parts of standard sand by weight with
a water-cement ratio arrived at by a specified procedure.

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The grades are:

(i) 33 grade
(ii) 43 grade
(iii)53 grade

The grade number indicates the minimum compressive strength of cement sand mortar in
N/mm2 at 28 days, as tested by above mentioned procedure.

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is obtained by either intergrinding a pozzolanic material

with clinker and gypsum, or by blending ground pozzolana with Portland cement.
Nowadays good quality fly ash is available from Thermal Power Plants, which are
processed and used in manufacturing of PPC.

COARSE AGGREGATE

Coarse aggregate for the works should be river gravel or crushed stone .It should be hard,
strong, dense, durable, clean, and free from clay or loamy admixtures or quarry refuse or
vegetable matter. The pieces of aggregates should be cubical, or rounded shaped and
should have granular or crystalline or smooth (but not glossy) non-powdery surfaces.
Aggregates should be properly screened and if necessary washed clean before use.

Coarse aggregates containing flat, elongated or flaky pieces or mica should be rejected.
The grading of coarse aggregates should be as per specifications of IS-383.

After 24-hrs immersion in water, a previously dried sample of the coarse aggregate should not
gain in weight more than 5%.

Aggregates should be stored in such a way as to prevent segregation of sizes and avoid
contamination with fines.

Depending upon the coarse aggregate color, there quality can be determined as:

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Black => very good quality

Blue => good

Whitish =>bad quality

FINE AGGREGATE

Aggregate which is passed through 4.75 IS Sieve is termed as fine aggregate. Fine
aggregate is added to concrete to assist workability and to bring uniformity in mixture.
Usually, the natural river sand is used as fine aggregate. Important thing to be considered
is that fine aggregates should be free from coagulated lumps.

Grading of natural sand or crushed stone i.e. fine aggregates shall be such that not more
than 5 percent shall exceed 5 mm in size, not more than 10% shall IS sieve No. 150 not
less than 45% or more than 85% shall pass IS sieve No. 1.18 mm and not less than 25%
or more than 60% shall pass IS sieve No. 600 micron.

REINFORCEMENT

Steel reinforcements are used, generally, in the form of bars of circular cross section in
concrete structure. They are like a skeleton in human body. Plain concrete without steel or
any other reinforcement is strong in compression but weak in tension. Steel is one of the
best forms of reinforcements, to take care of those stresses and to strengthen concrete to
bear all kinds of loads.

Mild steel bars conforming to IS: 432 (Part I) and Cold-worked steel high strength
deformed bars conforming to IS: 1786 (grade Fe 415 and grade Fe 500, where 415 and
500 indicate yield stresses 415 N/mm2 and 500 N/mm2 respectively) are commonly used.
Grade Fe 415 is being used most commonly nowadays. This has limited the use of plain
mild steel bars because of higher yield stress and bond strength resulting in saving of steel
quantity. Some companies have brought thermo mechanically treated (TMT) and
corrosion resistant steel (CRS) bars with added features.

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Bars range in diameter from 6 to 50 mm. Cold-worked steel high strength deformed bars
start from 8 mm diameter. For general house constructions, bars of diameter 6 to 20 mm
are used

Transverse reinforcements are very important. They not only take care of structural
requirements but also help main reinforcements to remain in desired position. They play a
very significant role while abrupt changes or reversal of stresses like earthquake etc.

They should be closely spaced as per the drawing and properly tied to the
main/longitudinal reinforcement.

Fig. 4 Reinforcement arrangement in foundation

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COVER BLOCK

Cover blocks are placed to prevent the steel rods from touching the shuttering plates and
there by providing a minimum cover and fix the reinforcements as per the design drawings.
Sometimes it is commonly seen that the cover gets misplaced during the concreting
activity. To prevent this, tying of cover with steel bars using thin steel wires called binding
wires (projected from cover surface and placed during making or casting of cover blocks)
is recommended. Covers should be made of cement sand mortar (1:3). Ideally, cover
should have strength similar to the surrounding concrete, with the least perimeter so that
chances of water to penetrate through periphery will be minimized. Provision of minimum
covers as per the Indian standards for durability of the whole structure should be ensured.

Shape of the cover blocks could be cubical or cylindrical. However, cover indicates
thickness of the cover block. Normally, cubical cover blocks are used. As a thumb rule,
minimum cover of 2” in footings, 1.5” in columns and 1” for other structures may be
ensured.

Structural element Cover to reinforcement (mm)

Footings 40
Columns 40
Slabs 15
Beams 25
Retaining wall 25 for earth face

20 for other face

THINGS TO NOTE

Reinforcement should be free from loose rust, oil paints, mud etc. it should be cut, bent
and fixed properly. The reinforcement shall be placed and maintained in position by
providing proper cover blocks, spacers, supporting bars, laps etc. Reinforcements shall be
placed and tied such that concrete placement is possible without segregation, and
compaction possible by an immersion vibrator.

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For any steel reinforcement bar, weight per running meter is equal to d*d/162 Kg, where
d is diameter of the bar in mm. For example, 10 mm diameter bar will weigh 10×10/162
= 0.617 Kg/m

Three types of bars were used in reinforcement of a slab. These include straight bars, crank
bar and an extra bar. The main steel is placed in which the straight steel is binded first,
then the crank steel is placed and extra steel is placed in the end. The extra steel comes
over the support while crank is encountered at distance of ¼(1-distance between the
supports) from the surroundings supports.

For providing nominal cover to the steel in beam, cover blocks were used which were
made of concrete and were casted with a thin steel wire in the center which projects
outward. These keep the reinforcement at a distance from bottom of shuttering. For
maintaining the gap between the main steel and the distribution steel, steel chairs are
placed between them.

TEST CONDUCTED ON SITE FOR QUALITY CONTROL

COMPRESSION TEST

Compressive strength of concrete cube test provides an idea about all the characteristics
of concrete. By this single test one judge that whether Concreting has been done properly
or not. Concrete compressive strength for general construction varies from 15 MPa (2200
psi) to 30 MPa (4400 psi) and higher in commercial and industrial structures.

Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors such as water-cement ratio,

cement strength, quality of concrete material, quality control during production of concrete
etc.

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PROCEDURE

For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cmx15cmx15cm or

10cmx10cmx10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For most of the works
cubical moulds of size 15cmx15cmx15cm are commonly used.

This concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so as not to have any voids.
After 24 hours these moulds are removed and test specimens are put in water for curing.
The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth. This is done by
putting cement paste and spreading smoothly on whole area of specimen.

These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after 7 days curing or 28 days
curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till the
Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the compressive
strength of concrete.

(i) Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess
water from the surface.
(ii) Take the dimension of the specimen to the nearest 0.2m.
(iii)Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine.
(iv) Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied
to the opposite sides of the cube cast.
(v) Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.
(vi) Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surface of the
specimen. Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at the rate of
140 kg/cm2/minute till the specimen fails. Record the maximum load and note any
unusual features in the type of failure.

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 Fig. 5 Compression Testing Machine

STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Compressive Strength

The compressive strength of concrete is defined as the load which causes the failure of
specimen, per unit area of cross section in uniaxial compression under rate of loading .The
strength of concrete is expressed as N/mm2 .The compressive strength at 28 days after
casting is taken as a criterion for specifying the quality of concrete. This is termed as grade
of concrete.IS 456-2000 stipulates the use of 150 mm cubes.

Tensile Strength

The concrete has low tensile strength; it ranges from 8-12 percent of its compressive
strength. An average value of 10 percent is generally adopted.

Shear Strength

The concrete subjected to bending and shear stress is accompanied by tensle and
compressive stresses. The shear failures are due to resulting diagonal tension. The shear
strength is generally 12-13 percent of it’s compressive strength.

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Bond Strength

The resistance of concrete to the slipping of reinforcing bars embedded in concrete is

called bond strength. The bond strength is provided by adhesion of hardened cement paste
and by the friction of concrete and steel. It is also affected by shrinkage of concrete relative
to steel. On an average bond strength is taken as 10 percent of it’s compressive strength.

CONCLUSION
It was a wonderful learning experience at IDA Site of Construction Of Multi Storey
Residential Cum Commercial Building. I gained a lot of insight regarding almost every
aspect of site. I was given exposure in almost all the departments at the site, but I would
to highlight the areas of safety, quality, material management and execution.

I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.

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