Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Province of Laguna
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
WRITTEN REPORT IN
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
Submitted by:
ANAS, SID A.
DUGAN, IVAN JIMUEL
GABAYERON, RAYMOND M.
LUZANDE, RANNY DEE J.
MADRID, RICHMOND D.
MERCADO, VINCENT Y.
TOGADO, RON JONALD M.
BSEE-1B
Submitted to:
In our life, it is normal for us to experience problems from time to time. Some of those are big
and complicated, while others can be easily solved. There is no shortage for us in encountering
challenges in our life. Whether in our house, school, fast-food restaurants, and in whatever place you
are at, we will still be facing struggles in our life. Whether these problems are large or small, we have
to deal with it constructively and fairly. Having the necessary skills to identify solutions to problems is
In relation, we also have reasoning. Reasons are man’s tool of understanding. It is a method of
identifying entities through one’s senses. It is the means of integrating those perceptions into
concepts, gaining knowledge through this integration, integrating that knowledge into the rest of one’s
is true or not. Justifying mathematical problems can help you improve your logical reasoning within
your daily life. This helps us make better decisions in some dilemmas, hard situations, even on easy
Nowadays, where problems gets stocked up by one another, improving ones reasoning skills
can really be a weapon in the modern world even in facing our own challenges in life.
Seeing these problems, especially to us students, enhancing our decision making skills,
solving problems and the knowledge of reasoning will have a big impact and help towards our
studies.
Learning Objectives
2. Solve problems involving patterns and recreational problems following Polya’s strategy; and
3. Organize one’s methods and approaches for proving and solving problems.
Inductive reasoning
Every object that I release from my hand falls to the ground. Therefore, the next object I
Every crow I have seen is black. Therefore all crows are black.
Based on available data, the earth has revolved around the sun following an elliptical path for millions
of years. Therefore, the earth will continue to revolve around the sun in the same manner next year.
Deductive reasoning
On the other hand, deductive reasoning is the process of making specific conclusions based
understanding of the relevant abstract principles is required. Errors can occur either by applying
Deductive reasoning makes use of undefined terms, formally defined terms, axioms, theorems,
statements that form an argument, called proof. The statements used in a proof may include axioms,
which are the underlying assumptions about mathematical structures, the hypothesis of the theorem
to be proved, and previously proved theorems. The rules of inference tie together the steps of a proof.
Methods of Proof
Problem solving with patterns
A sequence is an ordered list of number. The numbers, separated by commas, are called the
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is the ordered list of numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,… Fn, … where the three
Binet’s Formula
It is easy to find the nth Fibonacci number Fn if the two previous numbers, Fn-1 and Fn-2 are
known. Suppose we want to find F20. Using the definition, it is tedious and time consuming to
compute F19 and F18 to determine F20. Fortunately, Jacques Binet in 1543 was able to find a formula
2. Devise a plan.
Is there missing information that, if known, would allow you to solve the problem?
Devise a Plan
Draw a Diagram.
Draw a picture.
Use cases.
Work carefully.
Realize that some of your initial plans will not work and that you may have to devise another
plan or modify your existing plan.
Ensure that the solution is consistent with the facts of the problem.
Ask yourself whether there are generalizations of the solution that could apply to other
problems.
Summary
Pascal’s Triangle
Polya’s Problem Solving Strategy
2. Devise a plan.